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第一节 化学能与热能 (第二课时) 第二章化学反应与能量
[ 复习巩固 ] 1 、化学反应中,断裂化学键要   ,形成化学键将   化学反应是 吸收能量还是放出能量,取决于反应物的总能量与生成物的总能量的   。   吸收能量  放出能量  相对大小  2. 化学反应中的能量变化,通常主要表现为   的变化一 ---- 吸热或者放热。  热量
一、化学能与热能的相互转化 2. 吸热反应与放热反应 放热反应:有热量放出的化学反应 吸热反应:有热量吸收的化学反应 [ 问题与思考 ]   需要加热的反应一定是吸热反应吗 ? 你能举出一些放热反应、吸热反应的例子吗 ?
常见的放热反应 ① 所有燃烧反应 ② 活泼金属与酸或水的反应  ③ 酸碱的中和反应  ④ 大多数的化合反应  ⑤ 缓慢氧化  ……
常见的吸热反应 ① 大多数的分解反应  ② 某些置换反应如 : 氢气与氧化铜的反应 ③ Ba(OH) 2 ·8H 2 O 与 NH 4 Cl 的反应  ④ 灼热的炭与 CO 2 反应  ……
1. 下列既属于氧化还原反应,又属于放热反应的是 :  (  )  A. 铝片和稀盐酸的反应  B .Ba(OH) 2 ·8H 2 O 与 NH 4 Cl 的反应  C. 灼热的碳与二氧化碳的反应  D. 甲烷在氧气中的燃烧 AD 针对练习
2 .下列物质的变化过程中,属于放热反应的是 (  ) A. 水蒸气变为水放出热量  B .稀释浓 H 2 SO 4 C . 活泼金属跟酸反应   D .氯酸钾分解制氧气  A
实验 2 - 3 盐酸温度 /℃ NaOH 溶液温度 / ℃ 中和反应后 溶液温度 / ℃ 结  论 反应放出热量
3 . 中和热 (1) 、概念:酸与碱发生中和反应生成 1molH 2 O 时所释放的热量  思考与交流 ( 若要准确测定中和热) 你在设计实验装置和操作时应该注意哪些问题?
① 保温隔热的效果一定要好。 ② 酸碱浓度要准确。 ③ 温度计要读准 . ⑤ 实验操作时动作要快 . ④  做平行实验取平均值。 ⑥  搅拌使反应充分进行 ⑦ 量体积的容器越精确越好,最好用移液管
 
二、化学反应提供的热能对人类社会意义 1 、化学能转化成热能,是人类生存和 发展的动力之源; 2 、热能转化为化学能,是人们进行化 学科学研究,创造新物质不可或缺 的条件和途径。
生物体中的能量转化 人体内发生的 氧化还原反应 与体外的燃烧本质相同,都是 放热反应 。只是二者条件不同 (前者在 体温 条件和 酶 的催化作用下发生的) ,且前者更加 合理有效 。 科学视野   阅读教材 P35-36
三 . 能源和能源的利用  1 、社会发展与能源利用
2 、人类利用能源的三个阶段 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],目前,全球仍主要处于   时期。 化石能源
柴草时期 中国古代制陶图
化石能源时期
多能源结构时期

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化学能与热能+第二课时