There is a detailed informantion on the atom bombing ob the two cities of Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki)

1. PRESENTERS:
Nida Riaz
Fatima Saleem
Asmara Saleem
THE DROPPING OF THE ATOM
BOMB AT HIROSHIMAAND
NAGASAKI

2. CONTENTS
 What led to the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima
and Nagasaki??
 Bombing On Hiroshima
 Bombing on Nagasaki
 The destructive single moment
 The Lasting Effects of the Atomic Bombing of
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
 Hibakusha
 Double Survivors
 How do the Americans and Japanese feel about it?
 Peace Memorial Park

4. HIROSHIMA
 Hiroshima was founded in 1589 as a castle town
on the Ōta River delta.
 Following the Meiji Restoration in 1868,
Hiroshima rapidly transformed into a major urban
center and industrial hub. In 1889, Hiroshima
officially gained city status.
 The city was a center of military activities during
the imperial era, playing significant roles such as
the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese
War, and the two world wars.
 Hiroshima was rebuilt after the war. It has since
become the largest city in the Chūgoku region of
western Honshu, The largest island of Japan.`

5. NAGASAKI
 Nagasaki is the capital and the
largest city of Nagasaki Prefecture
on the island of Kyushu in Japan.
 The city is shaped like an
amphitheater, with its crooked
streets and tiered houses clinging to
the hillsides that enclose the inner
bay.
 Nagasaki is an important tourist
center. The city also contains
numerous historic sites.

6. What led to the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and
Nagasaki??
 The US entered the Second World War in
1941 after Japan, who were allies with
Germany, bombed Pearl Harbor.
 Nazi Germany surrendered on May 9, 1945,
ending the war in Europe.
 But the war in the Pacific rumbled on with
Japan refusing to surrender.

7. Conti…
 The attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki
came after Japan ignored an ultimatum
from the US, together with the UK and
Republic of China, threatening "prompt
and utter destruction" if it continued to
refuse the calls for surrender.
 Following the bombings, the Japanese
surrendered less than a week later.
 VJ Day (Victory over Japan Day) is
celebrated on August 15, marking the
surrender of Japan and the ending of the
Second World War.

8. Bombing On
Hiroshima  On August 6th, 1945 President Truman gave the order
to Pilot Paul Tibbets to drop “Little Boy” on
Hiroshima. Name of plane was Enola Gay.
 Hiroshima was Japan 7th largest. In minutes of the
bombing half of the city had vanished.

9. The Bomb Day
 At 8:15 am, the bomb was fused and sets
to explode about 2000 ft. above the center
of the town.
 It took 43 seconds to reach its designated
altitude.
 It had a blast that was equivalent to 15
kilotons of TNT.
 The radius of total destruction was about
one mile (1.6km), with resulting fires
across 4.4 square mile.

10. `
 ‘Little boy’ was one of the first kind of nuclear weapons that
the world had seen.
 Little boy was a Gun-type fission bomb or a non-nuclear
explosive blasts a uranium wedge down a gun barrel into a
uranium target causing the fission reaction.
 Mass: 9,700 pounds (4,400 kg)
 Length: 10 feet (3.0 m)
 Diameter: 28 inches (71 cm)
LITTLE BOY

11. Immediate
Aftermath
 According to most estimates the bombing
of Hiroshima killed approximately 70,000
people due to immediate effects of blast.
 Estimate of total deaths by the end of
1945 “140,000” due to burns, radiation
and related diseases.
 Most deaths and injuries occurred when
people were trapped in their burning
houses or struck by debris.
 Of the city’s 90,000 buildings, 60,000
were destroyed.
 This left many survivors homeless.

13. Mushroom
Clouds of
Hiroshima
 A nuclear/atomic explosion creates a mushroom
cloud because the detonating bomb suddenly releases
a great deal of heat rapidly, which interacts with the
cooler surrounding air and makes it less dense.
 Smoke had billowed 20,000 feet in the air and had
spread 10, 000 feet on the target.

14. Pictures – Hiroshima After Blast..
A bridge across the Ota river. Note where
roadway is burned, and ghostly shadow
imprints left where the surface was shielded by
cement pillars.
A human body turned into
carbon…

15. Pictures – Hiroshima After Blast..
The energy that was released from
the bomb caused severe burns and
scarring.
A man with sickness due to
Radiations.

16. Picture – Hiroshima After Blast…

18. Hiroshima before the atomic bomb Hiroshima before the atomic bomb

19. Hiroshima before the blast Hiroshima after the blast

20. Bombing on
Nagasaki
 Three days later on August 9, 1945, the second
atomic bomb named “Fat Man” was dropped in
Nagasaki.
 The mission plan for the second attack was
nearly identical to that of the Hiroshima mission.

21. The Bomb Day
 At 03:49 am the bomb was fused.
 It exploded 43 seconds later at 469 m(1,539
ft.) above the ground.
 This was nearly 3 km (1.9 mi) northwest of
the planned hypocenter.
 The resulting explosion had a blast yield
equivalent to 21 kilotons of TNT (88 TJ).

22. FAT MAN
 It was the second of the only two nuclear
weapons ever used in warfare, the first
being Little Boy.
 Fat Man was an implosion-type nuclear
weapon with a solid plutonium core.
 Mass: 10,300 pounds (4,670 kg)
 Diameter: 60 inches (1.5 m)
 Length: 128 inches (3.3 m)

23. Immediate
Aftermath
 The death toll (of all related deaths) was
about 135,000.
 More than 40% of the city was
destroyed.
 75,000 instantaneous deaths, 50,000
explosion injured.
 Total deaths by the end of 1945 may have
reached 80,000.
 The radius of total destruction was about
1-mile (1.6 km), followed by fires across
the northern portion of the city to 2 miles
(3.2 km) south of the bomb.
Immediate
Aftermath

25. Nagasaki before the blast Nagasaki after the blast

26. Pictures – Nagasaki After Blast..
Direct, thermal flash burns
Injured civilian casualties

27. Dead bodies

28. The skeleton of a
Japanese atomic bomb
victim whose flesh was
cooked off their bones
in the heat of the blast.

31. The Lasting Effects
of theAtomic
Bombing of
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki
 In 1945, no one really knew how it would affect
the people or the environment. Many expected the
cities to become nuclear wastelands, something
you might see in a video game or a movie. This
was not so, but the people and their future
generations did suffer.
 Here are several of the long term effects, caused
by the atomic bombings on the two cities.

32. CONTI…
Leukemia Increased:
 Over the next few years, the cities would see a spike in
leukemia. This was the most deadly long-term side effect.
 It has been estimated that those involved in the blast had a
46 percent chance of getting leukemia.
Increase in Anemia:
 There was a noted increase in patients with anemia, which
is a disease where your blood doesn’t create enough red
blood cells. The effects of this lasted as long as ten years
in some individuals.

33. CONTI…
Increase in Cataracts:
 Cataracts are when the lens of the eye becomes foggy.
 This can take several years to develop, and was first
found to be an issue three years after the bombs were
dropped.
 Age and distance to the bomb played a big factor in
those who developed cataracts.

34. CONTI…
Keloids:
 In 1946, keloids began to develop. This is where a
scar is healing and essentially heals too much,
causing it to swell, and can result in abnormal
growth.
 It is believed this is caused by radiation. The scar
tissue that would grow would end up looking
similar to a crab, which is where the growth gets its
name from. Keloid is Ancient Greek for crab.
 Those who were within one kilometer of the blast
were 60 percent more likely to develop the keloids
on their burn wounds.

35. CONTI…
Birth Complications:
 The survey looked at 98 pregnant women who were
exposed within 2 kilometers of the blast, as well as 113
women who had been exposed further away from where the
bomb was dropped.
 The survey also noted that one in four babies born by
survivors that were surveyed had cognitive disabilities.
 These children suffered in physical growth and
development as well. Some of the children grew to be
underweight and were born with. Of total babies born,
the number of birth defects was not unusual.
 There were only a handful of surveys of this, but one
completed in Nagasaki showed a high rate of infant and
neonatal deaths.

36. CONTI…
Cancer increases:
 Cancers do not immediately emerge after exposure to
radiation; instead, radiation-induced cancer has a
minimum latency period of some 5+ years.
 Cancers that saw an increase were thyroid cancer, lung
cancer, and breast cancer. Women were more likely to
developed thyroid cancer, which was diagnosed by doing
an autopsy. The first case of thyroid cancer in regards to
the blast wasn’t reported until 1957.
 Lung cancer was linked to the bombings in the early
1950s, and in a 1972 survey, almost 3,800 people (of
10,412) who had died from the blast or related to the
blast, were found to have developed lung cancers.

37. CONTI…
Effects on The Environment:
 When the bombs were dropped, everything was
decimated. Everyone was worried the cities would
become nuclear waste fields, where nothing could grow
and there would be too much radiation for it to be safe to
live. In 1946, there was some hope.
 The oleander flower began to grow, and the cities began
to rebuild with help from Japan. Over time, the radiation
levels have dropped, and today are considered safe.

38. Hibakusha
 The survivors of the bombings are called hibakusha.
 The Japanese government has recognized about
650,000 people as hibakusha. As of March 31, 2019,
145,844 were still alive, mostly in Japan.
 The Japanese government has recognized about
650,000 people as hibakusha. As of March 31, 2019,
145,844 were still alive, mostly in Japan.
 he memorials in Hiroshima and Nagasaki contain lists
of the names of the hibakusha who are known to have
died since the bombings.

40. Double survivors
Perhaps as many as 200 people from
Hiroshima sought refuge in Nagasaki.
Nine people claimed to be in the blast
zone in both cities.

41. How do the
Americans and
Japanese feel
about it?
 A 2015 Pew Research Center survey found that only
14% of Japanese thought the bombing was justified,
while 79% said it wasn’t.
 A Gallup poll conducted immediately after the
bombing in 1945 found that 85% of Americans
approved of Truman's decision.
 But the Pew survey last year found that the share of
Americans who believe the use of nuclear weapons
against Japan was justified had fallen to 56%.

42. Peace Memorial Park
 The park is located atop the busy commercial
district obliterated by the atomic blast and
contains a museum and monuments dedicated
to those killed by the explosion.
 The park is the location of the iconic "A-
Bomb Dome," the skeletal ruins of the former
Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion
Hall. The A-Bomb Dome was designated a
UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996.

43. Hiroshima Peace Memorial (domed structure), survived the
blast due to its thick, concrete structure.

44. Panoramic view of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park

45. Panoramic view of the monument marking the hypocenter, or
ground zero, of the atomic bomb explosion over Nagasaki