SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 317
Download to read offline
Context of Health Care
FinancialManagement
Chapter1
LearningObjectives
• Identify keyelementsthat are driving changes in health care
delivery
• Identify keyapproachesto controlling health care costs and
resulting ethicalissues
• Identify keychanges in reimbursementmechanismsto
providers
• CAPITATIONAsystem that pays providers a specific amount in advance to
care for the health care needs of a population over a specific time period.
Providers are usually paid on per memberper month (PMPM) basis. The
provider then assumes the risk that the cost of caring for the population
mayexceed the aggregate PMPM amount received.
• CARE MAPPING A process that specifies in advance the preferred
treatment regimen for patients with particular diagnoses. This is also
referred to as a clinical pathway, clinical protocol, or practice guideline.
• SHARED SAVINGSA payment strategythat encouragesprovidersto reduce
health care spending for a defined patient population by offeringthem a
percentageof the net savings realizedas a resultof their efforts.
•
CAPITATION
‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫احتياجات‬ ‫لرعاية‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مقد‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫محد‬ ‫ا‬ً‫غ‬‫مبل‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫لمقدمي‬ ‫يدفع‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫هو‬
‫للسكان‬
‫محددة‬ ‫زمنية‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫خالل‬
.
‫الشهر‬ ‫في‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫كل‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫للمقدمين‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫ما‬ ‫عادة‬
(
PMPM
.)
‫يفترض‬ ‫ثم‬
‫مبلغ‬ ‫إجمالي‬ ‫تتجاوز‬ ‫قد‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫مقدم‬
PMPM
‫المستلم‬
.
•
‫خريطة‬ ‫رسم‬
‫تشخيص‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعانون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫للمرضى‬ ‫المفضل‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫تحدد‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫الرعاية‬
‫معينة‬ ‫ات‬
.
‫الممارسة‬ ‫إرشادات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫السريري‬ ‫البروتوكول‬ ‫أو‬ ‫السريري‬ ‫المسار‬ ‫باسم‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫شار‬ُ‫ي‬
.
•
‫المشترك‬ ‫التوفير‬
‫الص‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإلنفاق‬ ‫تقليل‬ ‫على‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫مقدمي‬ ‫تشجع‬ ‫دفع‬ ‫استراتيجية‬
‫لمجموعة‬ ‫حية‬
‫لجهودهم‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫المحققة‬ ‫المدخرات‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫من‬ ‫مئوية‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫منحهم‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫من‬ ‫محددة‬
.
• MALPRACTICEREFORM
The ACA addresses medicalliability in twoways:
(1) extensionof federal malpractice protectionsto
nonmedical personnel working infreeclinics.
(2) authorization of $50 million over the next five yearsfor
HHS to award demonstration project grants. These
grants would be provided to states to develop,
implement, institute,and evaluatealternativesto the
present system used in the United States to resolve
charges against physicians and other health care
providers of wrongdoing topatients. ‫الخاطئ‬ ‫اإلصالح‬
‫تتناول‬
ACA
‫مرحلتين‬ ‫على‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫المسؤولية‬
:
.1
‫العاملي‬ ‫الطبيين‬ ‫غير‬ ‫للموظفين‬ ‫الممارسة‬ ‫سوء‬ ‫ضد‬ ‫الفيدرالية‬ ‫الحماية‬ ‫تمديد‬
‫العيادات‬ ‫في‬ ‫ن‬
‫المجانية‬
.
.2
‫بمبلغ‬ ‫تفويض‬
50
‫لـ‬ ‫القادمة‬ ‫الخمس‬ ‫السنوات‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫على‬ ‫دوالر‬ ‫مليون‬
HHS
‫منح‬ ‫لمنح‬
‫اإليضاحية‬ ‫المشاريع‬
.
‫وتأس‬ ‫وتنفيذ‬ ‫لتطوير‬ ‫الدول‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المنح‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تقديم‬ ‫سيتم‬
‫بدائل‬ ‫وتقييم‬ ‫يس‬
‫األطب‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الموجهة‬ ‫التهم‬ ‫لتسوية‬ ‫المتحدة‬ ‫الواليات‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫الحالي‬ ‫للنظام‬
‫ومقدمي‬ ‫اء‬
‫المرضى‬ ‫معاملة‬ ‫إساءة‬ ‫بشأن‬ ‫اآلخرين‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬
.
LoweringCosts
• Patient Protection and Affordable CareAct(ACA)
• CMS trying to control risingcosts
Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services(CMS)
• Value Based Purchasing(VBP)
GoalsoftheHealthCareSystem
• Access
• Cost
• Quality
Toestablish a contextfor the topics covered in this text,
this chapter highlights key issues affecting health care
organizations.It is organizedintothree sections:
(1)changing methods of health carefinancingand
delivery,
(2) addressing the high cost ofcare,and
(3) establishing value-based paymentmechanisms.
‫القض‬ ‫على‬ ‫الضوء‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يسلط‬ ، ‫النص‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يغطيها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫للموضوعات‬ ‫سياق‬ ‫إلنشاء‬
‫ايا‬
‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مؤسسات‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الرئيسية‬
.
‫أقسام‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫وهي‬
:
.1
، ‫وتقديمها‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫تمويل‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫تغيير‬
.2
‫و‬ ، ‫الرعاية‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫معالجة‬
.3
‫القيمة‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫آليات‬ ‫إنشاء‬
.
ChangingMethodsOfHealthCare
FinancingandDelivery
• Requirementthat almost all individualshave insurance coverage
• Requirementthat statescreateinsurance exchanges
• Provisionsfor expansionof Medicaid (is a social health care program
for familiesand individualswith low income and resources)
• Provisions for medicalloss ratioand premium rate reviews
• Bundled paymentsandVBP
• Accountable CareOrganizations
This individual mandate lies at the heart ofthelegislation.
whereindividualsand smallbusinesses can obtaincoverage.TheACA containsrequirements
foran essential benefitspackageand providesforchangesto the taxlaw that include
penaltiesfor individualswhochoose not to haveinsurance.
under agesixty-five.
value-basedpurchasingsystem
to share in costsavingsthat they achieveforthe Medicare program.
•
‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫تقري‬ ‫األفراد‬ ‫لجميع‬ ‫تأمينية‬ ‫تغطية‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫اشتراط‬
.
•
‫التأمين‬ ‫تبادالت‬ ‫إنشاء‬ ‫على‬ ‫ينص‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الشرط‬
.
•
‫برنامج‬ ‫لتوسيع‬ ‫أحكام‬
Medicaid
(
‫المنخفض‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫ذوي‬ ‫واألفراد‬ ‫للعائالت‬ ‫اجتماعية‬ ‫صحية‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫هو‬
‫والموارد‬
.)
•
‫األقساط‬ ‫أسعار‬ ‫ومراجعات‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫الخسارة‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫مخصصات‬
.
•
‫و‬ ‫المجمعة‬ ‫المدفوعات‬
VBP
.
•
‫المسؤولة‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫منظمات‬
.
Trends(HealthInsuranceExchanges)
• *Rise of uninsured from 36 million to 50million2001-2010
• ACA authorizes competitive insurance marke place
• Rise of uncompensatedcare for the uninsured2001-2011
• Accountable Care Organizations*(ACO)
• Patient Centered MedicalHome(PCMH)
• New technology
• value-based purchasingsystem(VBP)
at the state leveland providesfortwo types of exchanges,an individualexchange and a small businessexchange
The individual exchange provides a mechanism for implementing the individual mandate for
those who either do not have access to health insurance through an employer plan or who are
uninsured for otherreasons.
The small of health insurance for their employees by pooling their buying power and provide
business exchange provides access for small businesses, enabling them to improve the quality ding
multiplehealth insurance options.
‫الص‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫إمكانية‬ ‫لديهم‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫ألولئك‬ ‫الفردي‬ ‫التفويض‬ ‫لتنفيذ‬ ‫آلية‬ ‫الفردي‬ ‫التبادل‬ ‫يوفر‬
‫خطة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫حي‬
‫أخرى‬ ‫ألسباب‬ ‫عليهم‬ ‫المؤمن‬ ‫غير‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫صاحب‬
.
‫التجاري‬ ‫التبادل‬ ‫وتوفير‬ ‫الشرائية‬ ‫قوتهم‬ ‫تجميع‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫لموظفيهم‬ ‫الصغير‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫يوفر‬
‫للشركات‬ ‫الوصول‬
‫المتعددة‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫خيارات‬ ‫جودة‬ ‫تحسين‬ ‫من‬ ‫يمكنهم‬ ‫مما‬ ، ‫الصغيرة‬
.
• This rise (from 36 million to 50 million) is dueto several factors,
including:
(1)health insurance and out-of-pocketcostsbecoming too costlyfor many individuals,
even when theyareworking;
(2)individuals being screened out by insuranceunderwritersbecause of
preexistingconditions;
(3)employerseitherscalingback employees'benefitsoreliminating them altogether by
hiring part-timeworkers;
(4) stategovernmentstighteningMedicaideligibilitycriteria;
(5)individuals voluntarily deciding not to purchase insurance for a variety of financial and
nonfinancial reasons, including the assumption that they will not need care or that they
will be taken care of by the "system"anyway.
The ACA provides for a minimum benefits package; however,participants will be able to shop for
health insurance from among an array of commercialhealth insurance products with varying levels
of deductibles, coinsurance, and additional benefits over and above the minimum. The benefit
packages are referred to as bronze, silver,gold, and platinum, depending on how much participants
choose to pay.
‫االرتفاع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫ويرجع‬
(
‫من‬
36
‫إلى‬ ‫مليون‬
50
‫مليون‬
)
‫منها‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫عدة‬ ‫إلى‬
:
.1
‫؛‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫عند‬ ‫حتى‬ ، ‫األفراد‬ ‫من‬ ‫للعديد‬ ‫بالنسبة‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫باهظة‬ ‫الشخصية‬ ‫والتكاليف‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫أصبح‬
.2
‫؛‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫الموجودة‬ ‫الظروف‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫وكالء‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫فحصهم‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األفراد‬
.3
‫؛‬ ‫جزئي‬ ‫بدوام‬ ‫عمال‬ ‫تعيين‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫تما‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫القضاء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الموظفين‬ ‫مزايا‬ ‫تقليص‬ ‫إما‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫أرباب‬
.4
‫؛‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫األهلية‬ ‫لمعايير‬ ‫الحكومات‬ ‫تشديد‬
.5
‫افترا‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫بما‬ ، ‫المالية‬ ‫وغير‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫األسباب‬ ‫من‬ ‫متنوعة‬ ‫لمجموعة‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫شراء‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ع‬‫طو‬ ‫قرروا‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األفراد‬
‫لن‬ ‫أنهم‬ ‫ض‬
‫أن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يحتاجوا‬
"
‫النظام‬
"
‫حال‬ ‫أي‬ ‫على‬ ‫بهم‬ ‫سيهتم‬
.
• *Accountable CareOrganizations
An ACO is a voluntary group of health care providers who come
together to provide coordinated care to a patient population in order
to improve quality andreduce costs by keeping patients healthy and
by reducing unnecessary service duplication
• *Patient-Centered MedicalHome
The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is a partnership
between primary care providers (PCPs), patients, and their families
to deliver a coordinated and comprehensive rangeof services inthe
mostappropriate settings.
*
‫المسؤولة‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫منظمات‬
ACO
‫لمجمو‬ ‫منسقة‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫لتقديم‬ ‫يجتمعون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مقدمي‬ ‫من‬ ‫تطوعية‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫هي‬
‫من‬ ‫عة‬
‫وتقل‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫صحة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحفاظ‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التكاليف‬ ‫وخفض‬ ‫الجودة‬ ‫تحسين‬ ‫أجل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المرضى‬
‫يل‬
‫الخدمة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الضرورية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫االزدواجية‬
*
‫المريض‬ ‫على‬ ‫يركز‬ ‫طبي‬ ‫منزل‬
‫المريض‬ ‫على‬ ‫يركز‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫المنزل‬
(
PCMH
)
‫األولية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مقدمي‬ ‫بين‬ ‫شراكة‬ ‫هو‬
(
PCPs
)
‫اإلعدادات‬ ‫أنسب‬ ‫في‬ ‫الخدمات‬ ‫من‬ ‫وشاملة‬ ‫منسقة‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫لتقديم‬ ‫وعائالتهم‬ ‫والمرضى‬
.
Factors Affecting theCostofCare
Another
factors:
New
consumers
will enteror
reenter the
marketplace
AnotherFactorsThatCouldContributetoanDecreasein Costs
• Pharmaceuticals are going off patent, creating opportunities forcost
savings with genericdrugs.
• Certain behaviors have begun to change, spurred in large part by
employerswho can no longer affordto pay for employeehealth care
the way they have in thepast.
Lean thinking breaks processes down into identifiable steps to ensure that each
componentis a value-added activity.Amain tenetof lean thinking and Six Sigma is to
reduce the variationinhow activitiesare conducted, an importantstep towardquality
improvement.
Six Sigma, including the related concept of lean thinking, which offersasystematic
approachto analysisand performance improvement.The five major componentsof
the Six Sigma approach are defined, measure, analyze, improve, and control
(nicknamed DMAIC)
•
‫باستخد‬ ‫التكاليف‬ ‫في‬ ‫وفورات‬ ‫لتحقيق‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ص‬‫فر‬ ‫يخلق‬ ‫مما‬ ، ‫االختراع‬ ‫براءات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫تخرج‬
‫األدوية‬ ‫ام‬
‫العامة‬
.
•
‫ب‬ ‫يعد‬ ‫لم‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫أرباب‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫حد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫مدفوعة‬ ، ‫التغير‬ ‫في‬ ‫السلوكيات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫بدأت‬
‫تحمل‬ ‫إمكانهم‬
‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫كانوا‬ ‫التي‬ ‫بالطريقة‬ ‫للموظفين‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫تكاليف‬
.
ImpactstoReimbursement
• Cost Accounting Systems
• Group Purchasing Organizations
• Reengineering/Redesigning
• Mergers andAcquisitions
• Retail HealthCare
• Medical Tourism
• Compliance
• Recovery AuditContractors(RACs)
• VBP
• New DRG System
• ICD 10
•
‫التكاليف‬ ‫محاسبة‬ ‫أنظمة‬
•
‫الجماعي‬ ‫الشراء‬ ‫منظمات‬
•
‫الهندسة‬ ‫إعادة‬
/
‫التصميم‬ ‫إعادة‬
•
‫واالستحواذ‬ ‫الدمج‬ ‫عمليات‬
•
‫بالتجزئة‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬
•
‫طبية‬ ‫سياحة‬
•
‫االمتثال‬
•
‫االسترداد‬ ‫تدقيق‬ ‫مقاولو‬
(
RACs
)
•
VBP
•
‫نظام‬
DRG
‫الجديد‬
•
‫لألمراض‬ ‫الدولي‬ ‫التصنيف‬
10
ImpactstoReimbursement
Cost AccountingSystems
The process of estimating and classifying costs incurred by an organization.These costs
can be analyzed at the organizational and departmental levels. separating cost
accounting systems from financial accounting systems and moving away from
traditionalcost-accountingsystemsbased on assignment to activity-basedcostsystems.
This is an expensive endeavor, but lower reimbursements force hospitals to invest in
more sophisticatedcostaccountingsystems.
MergersandAcquisitions
a mergerrequiresthat neither of the parties coming togetherhas control.The two (or
more) entitiesmerge to startan entirely new entity with no step-upin basis of the
assets. the new entity comesinto being on the dateof the merger.
an acquisition,there is a controllingparty,and the assets and liabilitiesare markedto
fairvalue.Acquisitionsare more common than mergersin the health care industry.
New DRGSystem
The new system, based on Medicareseverity-adjusted diagnosis-related groups (MS-
DRGs), has 25 major disease categories, 745 diagnosis-related groups, and 3 subclasses
of complications and comorbidities. It is intended to more closely align reimbursement
to patientseverity of illness, It is intendedto reduce overallcoststhrough improvedcare,
thus combining quality with costcontrol and improved equity.(pay for peiformance,or
P4P)
ImpactstoReimbursement
GROUP PURCHASINGORGANIZATION(GPO)A networkof health careorganizationsand
a third-party vendor who are able to acquire large volumes of supplies from
manufacturersat negotiateddiscountedratesowing toeconomies of scale.
RetailHealth CareWalk-inmedical services for basic preventivehealth care provided in a
retailoutlet, such as a pharmacy,bya licensed care provider.
Compliance The process of abiding by governmental regulations, whether in the
provisionof care, billing,privacy,accountingstandards,security,or anyother regulated
area.
RecoveryAuditContractor(RAC) A programcreated under the MedicareModernization
Act of 2003 to identify and recover improper Medicare payments to health care
providers.
Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) A payment methodology designed to provide incentives
to providersfor delivering qualityhealth careat a lower cost. The financial rewardscome
from funds being withheldby the payor;these funds are then redistributedon providers'
achievement of an improvement on specific performance measures, including patient
satisfaction.
ICD-1 0 The WorldHealth Organization'sInternational StatisticalClassificationofDiseases
and Related Health Problems (lCD) is a coding system for diseases that is used in the
United Statesfor health insurance claim reimbursement.
• Recovery Audit Contractors(RAC)
-There are two types of reviews:automated and complex. The
automated review requires nomedical records.
The complexreviewensues when the automated reviewprovidesevidence of a high
likelihood that the service received improper payment or that there is no Medicare
policy, Medicare article, or Medicare-sanctioned coding guideline for the service
provided.
- The Medicare Audit Improvement Act of2012 was designed to promote transparency
and fairness in RAC reviews, and if passed, itwould establish a penalty for a RAC's failure
to follow the program requirements. It would also, among other things:
1) Establish a consolidatedlimit formedical record requests.
2)Requiremedical necessity audits to focus on widespread payment errors.
3)Allow denied inpatient claims to be billed as outpatient claimswhen appropriate.
4) Requirephysician reviewforMedicare denials.
•
‫المراجعات‬ ‫من‬ ‫نوعان‬ ‫هناك‬
:
‫ومعقد‬ ‫آلي‬
.
‫طبية‬ ‫سجالت‬ ‫أي‬ ‫تتطلب‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اآللية‬ ‫المراجعة‬
.
•
‫ال‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫أو‬ ‫صحيحة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫مدفوعات‬ ‫تلقت‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫بأن‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫احتمال‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫على‬ ً
‫دليال‬ ‫اآللية‬ ‫المراجعة‬ ‫تقدم‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫المعقدة‬ ‫المراجعة‬ ‫تتم‬
‫سيا‬ ‫توجد‬
‫سة‬
Medicare
‫مقالة‬ ‫أو‬
Medicare
‫ترميز‬ ‫إرشادات‬ ‫أو‬
Medicare
‫المقدمة‬ ‫للخدمة‬
.
-
‫لعام‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫تدقيق‬ ‫تحسين‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫تصميم‬ ‫تم‬
2012
‫مراجعات‬ ‫في‬ ‫واإلنصاف‬ ‫الشفافية‬ ‫لتعزيز‬
RAC
، ‫إقراره‬ ‫تم‬ ‫وإذا‬ ،
‫فشل‬ ‫على‬ ‫عقوبة‬ ‫فرض‬ ‫فسيتم‬
RAC
‫البرنامج‬ ‫متطلبات‬ ‫اتباع‬ ‫في‬
.
‫أخرى‬ ‫أمور‬ ‫بين‬ ‫من‬ ، ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫سيكون‬
:
.1
‫الطبية‬ ‫السجالت‬ ‫لطلبات‬ ‫موحد‬ ‫حد‬ ‫وضع‬
.
.2
‫طلب‬
‫تدقيقات‬
‫المنتشرة‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫أخطاء‬ ‫على‬ ‫للتركيز‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫الضرورة‬
.
.3
‫االقتضاء‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الخارجيين‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫مطالبات‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرفوضة‬ ‫الداخليين‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫مطالبات‬ ‫بدفع‬ ‫السماح‬
.
.4
‫برنامج‬ ‫رفض‬ ‫لحاالت‬ ‫الطبيب‬ ‫مراجعة‬ ‫طلب‬
Medicare
.
• MedicalTourism
Travelto a foreign country to obtain normally expensive medical
services at a steep discount. Even with a family member escorting
the patient (and getting the added benefitof foreigntravel),the total
cost is typicallylessthan it would be athome.
• Electronic Health Record(EHR)
Also called an electronic medical record (EMR), this online version of
patients' medical records can include patient demographics,
insurance information, dictations and notes, medication and
immunization histories, ancillary testresults,and the like.Under strict
security permissions, the information can be accessed either in-
house or in private officesettings.
‫طبية‬ ‫سياحة‬
‫حاد‬ ‫بخصم‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫الثمن‬ ‫باهظة‬ ‫طبية‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫على‬ ‫للحصول‬ ‫أجنبي‬ ‫بلد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫السفر‬
.
‫المريض‬ ‫بمرافقة‬ ‫األسرة‬ ‫أفراد‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫قيام‬ ‫مع‬ ‫حتى‬
(
‫والحصول‬
‫الخارج‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫للسفر‬ ‫إضافية‬ ‫ميزة‬ ‫على‬
)
‫المنزل‬ ‫في‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫ستكون‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ما‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫اإلجمالية‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫فإن‬ ،
.
‫اإللكتروني‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫السجل‬
(
EHR
)
‫اإللكتروني‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫السجل‬ ‫باسم‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫ُعرف‬‫ي‬
(
EMR
)
‫التركي‬ ‫للمرضى‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫السجالت‬ ‫من‬ ‫اإلنترنت‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫النسخة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تتضمن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ،
‫بة‬
‫و‬ ، ‫اإلضافية‬ ‫االختبارات‬ ‫ونتائج‬ ، ‫والتحصين‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫وتاريخ‬ ، ‫والمالحظات‬ ‫واإلمالءات‬ ، ‫التأمين‬ ‫ومعلومات‬ ، ‫للمرضى‬ ‫السكانية‬
‫شابه‬ ‫ما‬
.
‫الخاصة‬ ‫المكتب‬ ‫إعدادات‬ ‫في‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المنزل‬ ‫في‬ ‫إما‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫يمكن‬ ، ‫صارمة‬ ‫أمنية‬ ‫تصاريح‬ ‫بموجب‬
.
• Prospective PaymentSystem(PPS)
The payment system used by Medicare to reimburse providers a predetermined
amount. Several payment methods fall under the PPS umbrella, including
methods based on DRGs (for inpatient admissions), APCs (for outpatient visits), a
resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS) (for professional services), and
resource utilizationgroups (RUGs) (forskilled nursing home care). Use of DRGs
was the first method that fell under this type of predetermined payment
arrangement.
Health care systemsareconsolidatingto be largerplayersin the market in
order to:
1)Spread fixed technologyand administrative costs over a largerrevenue base.
2) Strengthen marketpenetration.
3) Gain better accesstocapital.
4) Add new servicelines.
5) Obtain bettercontractsfromcommercialpayors.
‫المحتمل‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫نظام‬
(
PPS
)
‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫نظام‬
Medicare
‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫محد‬ ‫ا‬ً‫غ‬‫مبل‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫مقدمي‬ ‫لتعويض‬
.
‫الدف‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫تندرج‬
‫تحت‬ ‫ع‬
‫مظلة‬
PPS
‫إلى‬ ‫المستندة‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫بما‬ ،
DRGs
(
‫الداخليين‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫لدخول‬
)
‫و‬ ،
APCs
(
‫المرضى‬ ‫لزيارات‬
‫الخارجيين‬
)
‫الموارد‬ ‫على‬ ‫القائم‬ ‫النسبية‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫ومقياس‬ ،
(
RBRVS
( )
‫المهنية‬ ‫للخدمات‬
)
‫الموارد‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫ومجموعات‬ ،
(
RUGs
( )
‫المهرة‬ ‫المنزلية‬ ‫للرعاية‬
.)
‫استخدام‬ ‫كان‬
DRGs
‫ترتيبات‬ ‫من‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫تندرج‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األولى‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫هو‬
‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫المحددة‬ ‫الدفع‬
.
‫السوق‬ ‫في‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫الع‬ ‫لتكون‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫أنظمة‬ ‫توحيد‬ ‫يتم‬
‫أجل‬ ‫من‬
:
.1
‫إي‬ ‫قاعدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإلدارية‬ ‫والتكاليف‬ ‫الثابتة‬ ‫التكنولوجيا‬ ‫نشر‬
‫أكبر‬ ‫رادات‬
.
.2
‫السوق‬ ‫اختراق‬ ‫تعزيز‬
.
.3
‫المال‬ ‫رأس‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫الوصول‬
.
.4
‫جديدة‬ ‫خدمة‬ ‫خطوط‬ ‫إضافة‬
.
.5
‫التجاريين‬ ‫الممولين‬ ‫من‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫عقود‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحصول‬
.
Summary
• Health care administratorfacesnumerous complexissues when making strategic
and financialdecisions.
• High ethical standardsmust be demonstrated
Health InsurancePortabilityand AccountabilityAct (HIPAA)
A set of federal compliance regulations enacted in 1996 to ensure
standardization of billing, privacy, and reporting practices as
institutionsconvert toelectronicsystems
The HITECHAct (2009) was enacted with thegoalof:
a. Creating and expanding the currenthealth care IT infrastructure
b. Promoting electronic dataexchange
c. SubstantiallyandrapidlyincreasingEHR adoption
Hospitals can keep funds longer and reduce inventory costs by incorporating just-in-time
ordering techniques, and opportunity exists for cost savings by joining group purchasing
organizations (GPOs) that cannegotiatecost discountsthrough largevolumes
‫المعق‬ ‫القضايا‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مسؤول‬ ‫يواجه‬
‫دة‬
‫والمالية‬ ‫االستراتيجية‬ ‫القرارات‬ ‫اتخاذ‬ ‫عند‬
.
‫العالية‬ ‫األخالقية‬ ‫المعايير‬ ‫إثبات‬ ‫يجب‬
‫النق‬ ‫وقابلية‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫قانون‬
‫ل‬
‫والمساءلة‬
(
HIPAA
)
‫من‬ ‫مجموعة‬
‫ت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الفيدرالية‬ ‫االمتثال‬ ‫لوائح‬
‫في‬ ‫سنها‬ ‫م‬
‫عام‬
1996
‫ممارسات‬ ‫توحيد‬ ‫لضمان‬
‫التقار‬ ‫وإعداد‬ ‫والخصوصية‬ ‫الفوترة‬
‫ير‬
‫األنظمة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تحول‬ ‫كمؤسسات‬
‫اإللكترونية‬
‫هايتك‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫سن‬ ‫تم‬
(
2009
)
‫بهدف‬
:
‫الح‬ ‫التحتية‬ ‫البنية‬ ‫وتوسيع‬ ‫إنشاء‬
‫الية‬
‫الص‬ ‫للرعاية‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫لتكنولوجيا‬
‫حية‬
.
‫للبيا‬ ‫اإللكتروني‬ ‫التبادل‬ ‫تعزيز‬
‫نات‬
.
‫اعتماد‬ ‫في‬ ‫وسريعة‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫زيادة‬
EHR
.
Health Care
FinancialStatements
Chapter2
LearningObjectives
• Identify basic financial statementsfor health care entities
• Read basic financialstatements
TermstoKnow
• Generally Accepted AccountingPrinciples(GAAP)
• Financial Accounting StandardsBoard (FASB)used on both
commercial and not forprofit
• GovernmentalAccounting StandardsBoard (GASB) government-
standard set offinancial statements
•
‫ا‬ ً‫عموم‬ ‫المقبولة‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫مبادئ‬
•
‫ال‬ ‫ر‬
‫وغي‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫األغ‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫ر‬
‫معايي‬ ‫مجلس‬ ‫يستخدم‬
‫ربحية‬
•
‫الحكومة‬ ‫الحكومية‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫ر‬
‫معايي‬ ‫مجلس‬
-
‫البيانا‬ ‫من‬ ‫قياسية‬ ‫مجموعة‬
‫ت‬
‫المالية‬
Financial accounting practice is governedbyconcepts and
rules known as generally accepted accounting principles
(GAAP).
‫المح‬ ‫بمبادئ‬ ‫تعرف‬ ‫وقواعد‬ ‫لمفاهيم‬ ‫المحاسبية‬ ‫الممارسة‬ ‫تخضع‬
‫اسبة‬
‫عموما‬ ‫المقبولة‬
.
StatementsusedinNotforProfit
HealthCare Entities
1) Balance sheet
2) Statement of Operations
3) Statement of Changes in Net Assets
4) Statement of Cash Flows
.1
‫العمومية‬ ‫الميزانية‬
.2
‫العمليات‬ ‫قائمة‬
.3
‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغيرات‬ ‫قائمة‬
.4
‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫قائمة‬
BalanceSheet
• Snapshot of anorganization
• Investor-owned entity: Summary of the entity's assets,
liabilities, and stockholders' equity (shareholders' equity)
• Not-for-profit health care entity: Summary of the entity’s
assets, liabilities,and netassets
• Captures what the entity looks like at a particular point intime
• Created usually the last day of the accountingperiod(e.g.,
quarter or fiscal year).
•
‫مؤسسة‬ ‫من‬ ‫لقطة‬
•
‫المستثمر‬ ‫يملكها‬
:
‫المساهمين‬ ‫وحقوق‬ ،‫وخصومه‬ ،‫الكيان‬ ‫ألصول‬ ‫ملخص‬
(
‫ح‬
‫قوق‬
‫المساهمين‬
)
•
‫الربحية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫كيان‬
:
،‫وخصومه‬ ،‫الكيان‬ ‫ألصول‬ ‫ملخص‬
‫األصول‬ ‫وصافي‬
•
‫معينة‬ ‫نقطة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫يبدو‬ ‫ما‬ ‫يلتقط‬
•
‫المحاسبة‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫من‬ ‫األخير‬ ‫اليوم‬ ‫في‬ ً‫ة‬‫عاد‬ ‫إنشاؤه‬ ‫تم‬
(
‫المث‬ ‫سبيل‬ ‫على‬
‫ربع‬ ،‫ال‬
‫مالية‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫سنوي‬
.)
also called shareholders'equity
Differentbtw
Balance SheetComponents
• Heading-Name of the organizationanddate
• Body includes:
• Assets= Liabilities+ NetAssets
• Liabilitieshave 2 categories-current andnoncurrent
• Net Assets=Communities interest in the assets of the notfor
profit
• Footnotes=additional key information
In investor-ownedentities, the equationbecomes
Assets= Liabilities+ Stockholders'Equity
In not-for-profithealth care entity,theequation
Basic AccountingEquation:
Assets = Liabilities+ Net Assets (or stockholders'equity).
‫فئتان‬ ‫لها‬ ‫الخصوم‬
-
‫المتداولة‬
‫المتداولة‬ ‫وغير‬
‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬
=
‫مصلحة‬
‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫في‬ ‫المجتمعات‬
‫للربح‬ ‫الهادفة‬
‫الهوامش‬
=
‫أساسية‬ ‫معلومات‬
‫إضافية‬
‫العنوان‬
-
‫والتاريخ‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫اسم‬
‫يشمل‬ ‫الجسم‬
:
Assets
• Probable future economic benefits obtained or controlledby a
particularentity as a resultof past transactionsor events.
• Represent resourcesowned
• Are recorded at their cost unless donated
• If donated recordedat fair value at date of donation
Liquidity refers to how quickly an asset can be turned into cash,and current assetsare
generallylisted in liquidityorder.
‫المتداولة‬ ‫الأصول‬ ‫إدراج‬ ‫ويتم‬ ، ‫نقد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الأصل‬ ‫تحويل‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫السيولة‬ ‫تشير‬
‫ا‬ً‫عموم‬
‫السيولة‬ ‫ترتيب‬ ‫في‬
.
•
‫عل‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المحتملة‬ ‫المستقبلية‬ ‫الاقتصادية‬ ‫المنافع‬
‫أو‬ ‫يها‬
‫سابقة‬ ‫أحداث‬ ‫أو‬ ‫لمعاملات‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫معين‬ ‫كيان‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫السيطرة‬
.
•
‫المملوكة‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫تمثيل‬
•
‫بها‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫لم‬ ‫ما‬ ‫نفقتها‬ ‫على‬ ‫مسجلة‬
•
‫التبرع‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫في‬ ‫العادلة‬ ‫بالقيمة‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫تم‬ ‫إذا‬
More onAssets
• Current assets are those used or consumed within a year
• Limited or restricted to use in noncurrentportion identified for
how they can be used
• Noncurrent assets are resources to be used or consumedover a
period of time > one year (or veryold)
• Cash and cash equivalents are the most liquid asseton the balance
sheet
• Noncurrent and long term are used interchangeably
•
‫عام‬ ‫غضون‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستهلكة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المتداولة‬ ‫األصول‬
•
‫استخدامها‬ ‫لكيفية‬ ‫المحدد‬ ‫الحالي‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الجزء‬ ‫في‬ ‫لالستخدام‬ ‫مقيد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫محدود‬
•
‫زمني‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫على‬ ‫استهالكها‬ ‫أو‬ ‫استخدامها‬ ‫سيتم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المتداولة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬
‫ة‬
>
‫سنة‬
‫واحدة‬
(
‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ج‬ ‫قديمة‬ ‫أو‬
)
•
‫العمومية‬ ‫الميزانية‬ ‫في‬ ‫سيولة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫المعادل‬ ‫والنقد‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫يعتبر‬
•
‫بالتبادل‬ ‫الحالي‬ ‫وغير‬ ‫الطويل‬ ‫المدى‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يتم‬
Current & NoncurrentAssets
• Current may include : cash, investments, limitedor restricted
as to use current position, patient accounts receivable,
estimated receivables from 3rd party payers, inventories,
assets held for sale, prepaidexpenses
• Noncurrentmay include: self insurance, benefitplans, capital
equipment, held by the board under bond indenture
agreements, property and equipment, goodwill, net of
accumulatedamortization
Suppliesare sometimes called inventory.
‫المخزون‬ ‫ا‬
ً
‫أحيان‬ ‫المستلزمات‬ ‫تسىم‬
.
‫تشمل‬ ‫قد‬ ‫الحالية‬
:
‫و‬ ، ‫الحالي‬ ‫الوضع‬ ‫الستخدام‬ ‫مقيدة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫محدودة‬ ، ‫واالستثمارات‬ ، ‫النقدية‬
‫حسابات‬
‫واألص‬ ، ‫والمخزونات‬ ، ‫الثالث‬ ‫الطرف‬ ‫دافعي‬ ‫من‬ ‫المقدرة‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫والذمم‬ ، ‫المدينة‬ ‫المرضى‬
‫ول‬
‫مسبقا‬ ‫المدفوعة‬ ‫والمصروفات‬ ، ‫للبيع‬ ‫بها‬ ‫المحتفظ‬
‫المتداول‬ ‫غير‬ ‫يشمل‬ ‫قد‬
:
‫يحت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الرأسمالية‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ، ‫المزايا‬ ‫وخطط‬ ، ‫الذاتي‬ ‫التأمين‬
‫بها‬ ‫فظ‬
‫وصافي‬ ، ‫والشهرة‬ ، ‫والمعدات‬ ‫والممتلكات‬ ، ‫السندات‬ ‫عقد‬ ‫اتفاقيات‬ ‫بموجب‬ ‫اإلدارة‬ ‫مجلس‬
‫المتراكم‬ ‫االستهالك‬
Cash and Cash Equivalents: are the most liquid current assets. This account is composed
of actual money on hand as well as savings and checking accounts. Cash equivalents are
short-term investmentswith an original maturityof three months or less.
PatientAccountsReceivable,Netof Allowancefor Doubtful Accounts
Gross patient accounts receivable is the amount owed the health care entity at full
charges. However, many payors , such as Medicaid, insurance companies, large employers,
and managed care entities, are given discounts, are givendiscounts,called contractual
allowances. After subtracting contractual allowances and charity care discountsfrom gross
patient accounts receivable,whatremains is the patient accounts receivablethatthe
providerhas a legalright tocollect.
A reserve or allowance is deducted from patient accounts receivable on thebalance
sheet. It representsan estimateof how much of the entity's patientaccountsreceivable are not likely to
be collectable. This estimateis called the allowancefor doubtful accounts.
Examples of current assets
‫سيولة‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫المتداولة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعادله‬ ‫وما‬ ‫النقد‬
.
‫المتوفرة‬ ‫الفعلية‬ ‫األموال‬ ‫من‬ ‫الحساب‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتكون‬
‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬
‫الجارية‬ ‫والحسابات‬ ‫التوفير‬ ‫حسابات‬
.
‫است‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫قصيرة‬ ‫استثمارات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المعادلة‬ ‫النقدية‬
‫يبلغ‬ ‫أصلي‬ ‫حقاق‬
‫أقل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أشهر‬ ‫ثالثة‬
.
‫تحصيلها‬ ‫في‬ ‫المشكوك‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫مخصصات‬ ‫صافي‬ ، ‫المدينة‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫حسابات‬
‫الكاملة‬ ‫بالرسوم‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫لكيان‬ ‫المستحق‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ‫هو‬ ‫القبض‬ ‫المستحقة‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫إجمالي‬
.
‫ف‬ ، ‫ذلك‬ ‫ومع‬
‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫إن‬
‫مثل‬ ، ‫الدائنين‬
Medicaid
‫م‬ ‫ويتم‬ ، ‫خصومات‬ ‫منحهم‬ ‫يتم‬ ، ‫دارة‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫وكيانات‬ ‫الكبار‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫وأصحاب‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫وشركات‬
‫نحهم‬
‫التعاقدية‬ ‫العالوات‬ ‫تسمى‬ ، ‫خصومات‬
.
‫ال‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫إجمالي‬ ‫من‬ ‫الخيرية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫وخصومات‬ ‫التعاقدية‬ ‫المخصصات‬ ‫طرح‬ ‫بعد‬
‫مريض‬
‫ًا‬‫ي‬‫قانون‬ ‫تحصيلها‬ ‫للمزود‬ ‫يحق‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫هو‬ ‫تبقى‬ ‫ما‬ ‫يبقى‬ ، ‫لالستالم‬ ‫القابل‬
.
‫العمومية‬ ‫الميزانية‬ ‫في‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫المخصص‬ ‫أو‬ ‫االحتياطي‬ ‫خصم‬ ‫يتم‬
.
‫الذ‬ ‫لمقدار‬ ‫ا‬ً‫تقدير‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫إنه‬
‫المدينة‬ ‫مم‬
‫تحصيلها‬ ‫المحتمل‬ ‫غير‬ ‫من‬ ‫التي‬ ‫للمرضى‬
.
‫تحصيلها‬ ‫في‬ ‫المشكوك‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫مخصص‬ ‫التقدير‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يسمى‬
.
Suppliesrefersto small-dollaritemsthat will be used up or fully consumedwithin one
year or less, such as pharmaceuticalsand officesupplies.
Equipmentrefersto moreexpensiveitems thatwill be used over a longerperiod, such as
buildings andradiologyequipment.
Prepaidexpensesinclude items the health care entityhas paid forin advance, such as
rent andinsurance.
Investments:
The classification of investments depends on how long management intends to hold them and
whether or not restrictions or other requirements are absent. Short-term investments often
include certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and treasury bills (those with an original
maturity of three months or less are included in cash and cash equivalents)andalso
marketablesecurities designated as tradingsecurities. Short-term investments allow a health care
facility to earn interest on idle cash and, at the same time, providealmostimmediateaccess to cash
for unexpectedsituations.
Examples of currentassets
‫غضو‬ ‫في‬ ‫بالكامل‬ ‫استهالكها‬ ‫أو‬ ‫استخدامها‬ ‫سيتم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫بالدوالر‬ ‫الصغيرة‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫اإلمدادات‬ ‫تشير‬
‫أو‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫عام‬ ‫ن‬
‫المكتبية‬ ‫واللوازم‬ ‫الصيدالنية‬ ‫المستحضرات‬ ‫مثل‬ ، ‫أقل‬
.
‫ومعدات‬ ‫المباني‬ ‫مثل‬ ، ‫أطول‬ ‫لفترة‬ ‫استخدامها‬ ‫سيتم‬ ‫والتي‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المعدات‬ ‫تشير‬
‫األشعة‬
.
‫و‬ ‫اإليجار‬ ‫مثل‬ ، ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫هيئة‬ ‫دفعتها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫البنود‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مقد‬ ‫المدفوعة‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫تشمل‬
‫التأمين‬
.
‫األخر‬ ‫المتطلبات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫القيود‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫وما‬ ‫بها‬ ‫االحتفاظ‬ ‫اإلدارة‬ ‫تنوي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫االستثمارات‬ ‫تصنيف‬ ‫يعتمد‬
‫موجودة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫ى‬
‫ال‬ ‫أم‬
.
‫الخزانة‬ ‫وأذون‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫واألوراق‬ ‫اإليداع‬ ‫شهادات‬ ‫على‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫قصيرة‬ ‫االستثمارات‬ ‫تشتمل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ًا‬‫ب‬‫غال‬
(
‫الت‬ ‫تلك‬
‫تاريخ‬ ‫لها‬ ‫ي‬
‫المعادل‬ ‫والنقد‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫في‬ ‫مدرجة‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أشهر‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫لمدة‬ ‫أصلي‬ ‫استحقاق‬
)
‫للتسوي‬ ‫القابلة‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫األوراق‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫وأي‬
‫كأوراق‬ ‫المصنفة‬ ‫ق‬
‫للتداول‬ ‫مالية‬
.
‫وفي‬ ، ‫الخامل‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫على‬ ‫فائدة‬ ‫بكسب‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫لمنشأة‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫قصيرة‬ ‫االستثمارات‬ ‫تسمح‬
، ‫الوقت‬ ‫نفس‬
‫المتوقعة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫المواقف‬ ‫في‬ ‫النقود‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الفوري‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫من‬ ‫قدر‬ ‫أقصى‬ ‫توفير‬
.
Examples of noncurrent assets
capital equipment: (includes long-lasting goods acquired and owned by a company or
organization that are not consumed in the normal course of business—goods such as
machinery,trucks,largecomputers,and officefurniture),
Properties and Equipment,Net
This categoryof assets represents the major capital investments in the facility. Three
types of assets are included in this category: land, plant,and equipment. Plant refers to
buildings (fixed, immovable objects), land refers to property, and equipment includes a
wide varietyof durableitems from beds to CATscanners
Goodwill:
Goodwillis the term used forwhat an entity is buying in an acquisition when it payscash
and assumes liabilitiesin excess of the fair valueof the assets acquired.
Goodwillrepresentsthe future earningspower of the acquiredentity.
‫الرأسمالية‬ ‫المعدات‬
( :
‫ي‬ ‫وال‬ ‫مؤسسة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫شركة‬ ‫وتملكها‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األمد‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫السلع‬ ‫تشمل‬
‫استهالكها‬ ‫تم‬
‫العادية‬ ‫األعمال‬ ‫سياق‬ ‫في‬
-
‫المكاتب‬ ‫وأثاث‬ ‫الكبيرة‬ ‫الكمبيوتر‬ ‫وأجهزة‬ ‫والشاحنات‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫سلع‬
)
،
‫صافي‬ ، ‫ومعدات‬ ‫خصائص‬
‫المنشأة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫الرأسمالية‬ ‫االستثمارات‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫من‬ ‫الفئة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تمثل‬
.
‫ف‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫من‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫تضمين‬ ‫يتم‬
‫الفئة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ي‬
:
‫األرض‬
‫والمعدات‬ ‫واآلالت‬
.
‫المباني‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫النبات‬ ‫يشير‬
(
‫المنقولة‬ ‫وغير‬ ‫الثابتة‬ ‫األشياء‬
)
‫وت‬ ، ‫الممتلكات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫األرض‬ ‫وتشير‬ ،
‫المعدات‬ ‫شمل‬
‫الضوئية‬ ‫الماسحات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫األسرة‬ ‫من‬ ‫المعمرة‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫من‬ ‫متنوعة‬ ‫مجموعة‬
CAT
‫حسنة‬ ‫نية‬
:
‫تز‬ ‫التزامات‬ ‫وتفترض‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫نق‬ ‫تدفع‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫استحواذ‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫في‬ ‫المنشأة‬ ‫تشتريه‬ ‫لما‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫المصطلح‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الشهرة‬
‫العادلة‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يد‬
‫المكتسبة‬ ‫لألصول‬
.
‫عليه‬ ‫المستحوذ‬ ‫للكيان‬ ‫المستقبلية‬ ‫األرباح‬ ‫قوة‬ ‫الشهرة‬ ‫تمثل‬
.
Liabilities
• Obligations of the entity to pay itscreditors
• Can be debts or otherobligations
• 2 types
1) Current Liabilities- Financial obligations due within one year
2)Noncurrent liabilities- Resources used or consumed over periods
longer than oneyear
Liabilities: The probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present
obligations of a particularentity to transferassets or provideservices to other entities
in the future as a result of past transactionsor events. Liabilities can be debts or other
obligations: for example, deferred revenue, which is an obligation to provide or deliver
goodsor services when paymenthas been receivedin advance.
‫لدائنيها‬ ‫بالدفع‬ ‫المنشأة‬ ‫التزامات‬
‫أخرى‬ ‫التزامات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ن‬‫ديو‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬
2
‫أنواع‬
(1
‫المتداولة‬ ‫المطلوبات‬
-
‫واحدة‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫المستحقة‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫االلتزامات‬
2
)
‫المتداولة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الخصوم‬
-
‫وا‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أطول‬ ‫فترات‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫على‬ ‫المستهلكة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫الموارد‬
‫حدة‬
‫المطلوبات‬
:
‫ل‬ ‫الحالية‬ ‫االلتزامات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناشئة‬ ‫االقتصادية‬ ‫للمنافع‬ ‫المحتملة‬ ‫المستقبلية‬ ‫التضحيات‬
‫لتحويل‬ ‫معين‬ ‫كيان‬
‫سابقة‬ ‫أحداث‬ ‫أو‬ ‫لمعامالت‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫في‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫لمنشآت‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫تقديم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫األصول‬
.
‫ا‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬
‫لخصوم‬
‫أخرى‬ ‫التزامات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ن‬‫ديو‬
:
‫البض‬ ‫تسليم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫بتوفير‬ ‫التزام‬ ‫وهي‬ ، ‫المؤجلة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ، ‫المثال‬ ‫سبيل‬ ‫على‬
‫الخدمات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ائع‬
‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مقد‬ ‫الدفعة‬ ‫استالم‬ ‫عند‬
.
Current& NoncurrentLiabilities
• Current could include: accounts payable, accrued expenses,
salaries & wages, estimated payables to third parties, short
term borrowings, commercial paper and current portion of
long-term debt.
• Noncurrent could include: long term debt (mortgages and
bonds payable, and estimates for malpractice or self-insured
risks such as a self-funded health benefit or worker's
compensation arrangement),self-insurance reserves,accrued
pension and retireehealthcosts
‫الجاري‬ ‫التداول‬ ‫يشمل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬
:
‫واألجور‬ ‫والرواتب‬ ، ‫المستحقة‬ ‫والمصروفات‬ ، ‫الدائنة‬ ‫الحسابات‬
،
‫الحالي‬ ‫والجزء‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫واألوراق‬ ، ‫األجل‬ ‫قصيرة‬ ‫والقروض‬ ، ‫أخرى‬ ‫ألطراف‬ ‫المقدرة‬ ‫الدائنة‬ ‫والذمم‬
‫من‬
‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫الديون‬
.
‫المتداول‬ ‫غير‬ ‫يشمل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬
:
‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫الديون‬
(
‫الدفع‬ ‫المستحقة‬ ‫والسندات‬ ‫العقارية‬ ‫الرهون‬
،
‫ترتي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ي‬‫ذات‬ ‫الممولة‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المزايا‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الذاتي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الممارسة‬ ‫سوء‬ ‫وتقديرات‬
‫تعويض‬ ‫ب‬
‫العمال‬
)
‫للمتقاعد‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫والتكاليف‬ ، ‫المستحقة‬ ‫والمعاشات‬ ، ‫الذاتي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫واحتياطيات‬ ،
‫ين‬
Current Portionof Long-TermDebt
This accountcontains the amount of the entity's long-term debt that is expected to be paid
off within one year. This information is sometimes reported in the account notes payable,
which reports the amount of short-term (less than one year) obligations for which a formal
note has beensigned.
Deferred revenue: consists of fees that have been collected in advance. It represents cash that
is received before the service is rendered by the entity. Accordingly, it is an obligation that will,
upon performance, become revenue. “CurrentLiabilities”
‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫من‬ ‫المتداول‬ ‫الجزء‬
‫واحد‬ ‫عام‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫سداده‬ ‫المتوقع‬ ‫للكيان‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫طويل‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫مبلغ‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحساب‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يحتوي‬
.
‫عن‬ ‫اإلبالغ‬ ‫يتم‬
‫هذه‬
‫االلتزام‬ ‫مبلغ‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تشير‬ ‫والتي‬ ، ‫الدفع‬ ‫المستحقة‬ ‫الحساب‬ ‫سندات‬ ‫في‬ ‫األحيان‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعلومات‬
‫األجل‬ ‫قصيرة‬ ‫ات‬
(
‫واحدة‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أقل‬
)
‫بشأنها‬ ‫رسمية‬ ‫مذكرة‬ ‫على‬ ‫التوقيع‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬
.
‫المؤجلة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬
:
‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مقد‬ ‫تحصيلها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الرسوم‬ ‫من‬ ‫تتكون‬
.
‫ال‬ ‫تقديم‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫المستلم‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫يمثل‬
‫الكيان‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫خدمة‬
.
‫إيرادات‬ ، ‫األداء‬ ‫عند‬ ، ‫سيصبح‬ ‫التزام‬ ‫فهو‬ ، ‫ذلك‬ ‫على‬ ً‫ء‬‫وبنا‬
" .
‫المتداولة‬ ‫المطلوبات‬
"
NetAssets
• Remaining assets after deducting itsliabilities
• 3 classes
1) Permanently restricted (the presence or absence ofdonor-
imposed restrictions)
2) Temporarilyrestricted
3) Unrestricted
• May also include- non controllingownership interestin
subsidiaries
Net Assets (or Equity): The assets of an entity that remain after deducting its liabilities(also
called residual interest). In a business enterprise, equity is the ownership interest. In a not -
for -profit entity,which has noownershipinterest.
Net assets= Assets-Liabilities
Stockholders'Equity
Investor-ownedhealth careentities use a differentformof presentationin the stockholders'
equity section of the balancesheet.
Stockholders' equity in investor-ownedentitiesconsistsof the stockand retainedearnings.
‫التزاماتها‬ ‫خصم‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫المتبقية‬ ‫األصول‬
3
‫فصول‬
1
)
‫دائم‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫مقيدة‬
(
‫المانح‬ ‫يفرضها‬ ‫قيود‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫وجود‬
‫ون‬
)
2
)
‫مؤقتا‬ ‫مقيدة‬
3
)
‫مقيد‬ ‫غير‬
‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫تتضمن‬ ‫قد‬
-
‫الشركات‬ ‫في‬ ‫مسيطرة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫ملكية‬ ‫حصة‬
‫التابعة‬
‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬
(
‫الملكية‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫أو‬
:)
‫التزاماتها‬ ‫خصم‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫تبقى‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫أصول‬
(
‫المتبق‬ ‫الفائدة‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫وتسمى‬
‫ية‬
.)
‫تجارية‬ ‫مؤسسة‬ ‫في‬
‫الملكية‬ ‫حصة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الملكية‬ ‫حقوق‬ ،
.
‫الملكية‬ ‫في‬ ‫مصلحة‬ ‫له‬ ‫وليس‬ ، ‫للربح‬ ‫هادف‬ ‫غير‬ ‫كيان‬ ‫في‬
.
‫المساهمين‬ ‫حقوق‬
‫الميزان‬ ‫في‬ ‫المساهمين‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫في‬ ‫العرض‬ ‫من‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ف‬‫مختل‬ ً‫ال‬‫شك‬ ‫للمستثمرين‬ ‫المملوكة‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫كيانات‬ ‫تستخدم‬
‫العمومية‬ ‫ية‬
.
‫المحتجزة‬ ‫واألرباح‬ ‫األسهم‬ ‫من‬ ‫للمستثمرين‬ ‫المملوكة‬ ‫الكيانات‬ ‫في‬ ‫المساهمين‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫تتكون‬
.
Statement ofOperations
• Summary of the entity’s revenues and
expenses over aperiod of time. (As opposed
to the balancesheet)
• Period is usually the time between statements
• Uses the accrual basis foraccounting
• It does not use the cash basis foraccounting
• Represents how much the entity earned, its
gainsand other sources of revenue and the
resources used during the accounting period
•
‫الكيان‬ ‫إليرادات‬ ‫ملخص‬
‫زمنية‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫ومصاريفه‬
.
(
‫العمومي‬ ‫الميزانية‬ ‫عكس‬ ‫على‬
‫ة‬
)
•
‫الوقت‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الزمنية‬ ‫الفترة‬
‫العبارات‬ ‫بين‬
•
‫االستحقاق‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫يستخدم‬
‫للمحاسبة‬
•
‫النقدي‬ ‫األساس‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫ال‬
‫للمحاسبة‬
•
‫المنش‬ ‫كسبته‬ ‫ما‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫يمثل‬
‫أة‬
‫اإليرادات‬ ‫ومصادر‬ ‫وأرباحها‬
‫المستخدمة‬ ‫والموارد‬ ‫األخرى‬
‫المحاسبية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫خالل‬
Statement ofOperation
Components
• Title-name of entity,statement andperiod for information
• Unrestricted revenue, gains and other support
• Net patient services revenue
• Premium revenue
• Other revenue
• Provision for baddebt
• Net assets released from restriction
•
‫العنوان‬
-
‫المعلومات‬ ‫وفترة‬ ‫والبيان‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫اسم‬
•
‫الدعم‬ ‫أشكال‬ ‫من‬ ‫وغيرها‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫والمكاسب‬ ‫اإليرادات‬
•
‫المرضى‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫إيرادات‬ ‫صافي‬
•
‫ممتازة‬ ‫عائدات‬
•
‫اخرى‬ ‫ايرادات‬
•
‫المعدومة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫مخصص‬
•
‫القيود‬ ‫من‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫المفرج‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬
Statement ofOperations
continued
• Expenses
• Depreciation and amortization (non cashexpenses)
• Other
• Operating Income
• Non operating items
• Excess of revenue overexpenses
• Excessof revenue over expenses, net of noncontrolling
interest
Interest is the costto borrowmoney
‫المال‬ ‫اض‬ ‫ر‬
‫اقي‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫ي‬
‫ه‬ ‫الفائدة‬
•
‫نفقات‬
•
‫واإلطفاء‬ ‫االستهالك‬
(
‫نقدية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫مصاريف‬
)
•
‫آخر‬
•
‫التشغيل‬ ‫دخل‬
•
‫العاملة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫العناصر‬
•
‫المصاريف‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫فائض‬
•
‫الملك‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫خصم‬ ‫بعد‬ ، ‫المصروفات‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫فائض‬
‫ية‬
UnrestrictedRevenue
The term revenues refers to the amounts either earned by the entity or donated to it.
Gains can come from transactions such as selling assets for more than theircarryingvalue
(such as selling a building or other investment). Other support includes such items as
appropriationsfrom governmentalentitiesand unrestricteddonations.Netpatientservice
revenuegenerallymakes up the largestportion of unrestrictedrevenue,gains.
revenues representamounts earned bythe entity,notthe amount of cash it received
during the period.
Net Patient ServiceRevenue
Gross patient service revenue is the amount the health care entitywould haveearned if all
the payorspaidfull charges.
the provision for bad debts, also called bad debt expense or uncollectiblesexpense
‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫اإليرادات‬
‫له‬ ‫بها‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫تم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫حصل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المبالغ‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫مصطلح‬ ‫يشير‬
.
‫تأتي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬
‫من‬ ‫المكاسب‬
‫الدفترية‬ ‫قيمتها‬ ‫من‬ ‫بأكثر‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫بيع‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫معامالت‬
(
‫آخر‬ ‫استثمار‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مبنى‬ ‫بيع‬ ‫مثل‬
.)
‫الدع‬ ‫يشمل‬
‫ًا‬‫د‬‫بنو‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫م‬
‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫والتبرعات‬ ‫الحكومية‬ ‫الكيانات‬ ‫من‬ ‫االعتمادات‬ ‫مثل‬
.
‫ع‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫خدمة‬ ‫إيرادات‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫يشكل‬
‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مو‬
‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األرباح‬ ‫من‬ ‫األكبر‬ ‫الجزء‬
.
‫الفتر‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫تلقته‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫النقدي‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ‫وليس‬ ، ‫الكيان‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المكتسبة‬ ‫المبالغ‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫تمثل‬
‫ة‬
.
‫المريض‬ ‫خدمة‬ ‫إيرادات‬ ‫صافي‬
‫الرس‬ ‫دافع‬ ‫كل‬ ‫دفع‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫كيان‬ ‫ستكسبه‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ‫هو‬ ‫المريض‬ ‫خدمة‬ ‫إيرادات‬ ‫إجمالي‬
‫كاملة‬ ‫وم‬
.
‫ل‬ ‫القابلة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫المصاريف‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المعدومة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫مصروفات‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫وتسمى‬ ، ‫المعدومة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫مخصص‬
‫لتحصيل‬
Premium revenue is revenueearned from capitatedcontracts,orit couldbe health plan revenueif the
entity has a healthplan.
Net assets released from restriction are funds reclassified tounrestricted accounts from
temporarilyrestrictednet assets.
Depreciationandamortizationreflectthe amount of a noncurrentasset used up during
the accountingperiod.
Depreciation:A measureof the extent to which a tangible asset(such as plantor equipment) has
been used up (during the accountingperiod) orconsumed.
Amortization:ameasureof how much of an intangibleasset (such as debtissuance cost and goodwill) has
been used up (during the accountingperiod) or consumed.
Other expenses is a catchall categoryformiscellaneous operatingexpenses that are not considered
significantenough to be listedseparately.
Operatingand NonoperatingItems
an excessof revenueover expenses, revenuesand gainsover expenses and losses, earned income, or
performance earnings.
On the statementof operations,expensesare a measure of the amount of resourcesused or consumed in
providinga service, not cashoutflows.
‫صحية‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫لديه‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫صحية‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫إيرادات‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫قد‬ ‫أو‬ ، ‫االستسالم‬ ‫عقود‬ ‫من‬ ‫المكتسبة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الممتازة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬
.
‫ا‬ً‫ت‬‫مؤق‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫من‬ ‫مقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تصنيفها‬ ‫المعاد‬ ‫األموال‬ ‫هو‬ ‫القيود‬ ‫من‬ ‫المحررة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬
.
‫المحاسبية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫المتداول‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصل‬ ‫مبلغ‬ ‫واإلطفاء‬ ‫االستهالك‬ ‫يعكس‬
.
‫االستهالك‬
:
‫الملموس‬ ‫األصل‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫لمدى‬ ‫مقياس‬
(
‫المعدات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المصنع‬ ‫مثل‬
( )
‫المحاسبية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫خالل‬
)
‫استهالكه‬ ‫أو‬
.
‫االستهالك‬
:
‫الملموسة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫لمقدار‬ ‫مقياس‬
(
‫والشهرة‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫إصدار‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫مثل‬
)
‫استخدامها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬
(
‫المحاسبية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫خالل‬
)
‫استهال‬ ‫أو‬
‫كها‬
.
‫منفصل‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫إدراجها‬ ‫ليتم‬ ‫يكفي‬ ‫بما‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫تعتبر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المتنوعة‬ ‫التشغيل‬ ‫لمصروفات‬ ‫شاملة‬ ‫فئة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫المصاريف‬
.
‫العاملة‬ ‫وغير‬ ‫العاملة‬ ‫العناصر‬
‫األداء‬ ‫أرباح‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المكتسب‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫والخسائر‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫على‬ ‫والمكاسب‬ ‫واإليرادات‬ ‫النفقات‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫زيادة‬
.
‫ا‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫وليس‬ ، ‫خدمة‬ ‫تقديم‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستهلكة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫لمقدار‬ ‫ا‬ً‫س‬‫مقيا‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫تعد‬ ، ‫العمليات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫في‬
‫لخارجة‬
.
StatementofChangesinNetAssets
• Repeats some of the information on the statement of
operations to explain changes in unrestrictednet assets but also
adds informationabout changes in restricted netassets
• Areas covered are unrestricted net assets, temporarily restricted
net assets, permanently restricted net assets, increase in net
assets and net assets at the beginning andend of the year.
Its purpose is toexplain whythere was a change from one year to the nextin the entire
net asset section of the balance sheet. two majorreasons:
- increases (decreases) in unrestricted netassets.
- changes in temporarily and permanently restricted netassets.
•
‫يضيف‬ ‫ولكنه‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغييرات‬ ‫لشرح‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫يكرر‬
‫معلومات‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬
‫المقيدة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغييرات‬ ‫حول‬
•
‫بش‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫وصافي‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ت‬‫مؤق‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫وصافي‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المشمولة‬ ‫المجاالت‬
‫دائم‬ ‫كل‬
‫العام‬ ‫ونهاية‬ ‫بداية‬ ‫في‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫وصافي‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫والزيادة‬
.
•
‫العم‬ ‫الميزانية‬ ‫في‬ ‫بالكامل‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫في‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫من‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫هو‬ ‫منه‬ ‫والغرض‬
‫ومية‬
.
‫سببان‬
‫رئيسيان‬
:
-
‫الزيادات‬
(
‫النقصان‬
)
‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬
.
-
‫ودائم‬ ‫مؤقت‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغييرات‬
.
Statement of CashFlows
• Takes the accrual basis financial statements that reportactivity
as it was earned and expended or committed for expenditure
and converts it to the actual flow ofcash
• Covers the same time period as the statement ofoperations
• Discloses key noncash investing andfinancingtransactions
•
‫أ‬ ‫وإنفاقها‬ ‫اكتسابها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫كما‬ ‫التقارير‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫االستحقاق‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫تأخذ‬
‫بها‬ ‫االلتزام‬ ‫و‬
‫للنقد‬ ‫الفعلي‬ ‫التدفق‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫وتحويلها‬ ‫للنفقات‬
•
‫العمليات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الزمنية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫يغطي‬
•
‫النقدية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫والتمويل‬ ‫االستثمار‬ ‫معامالت‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تفصح‬
StatementofCashFlows
Components
• Title-Name of entity,statementand period of time statement covers
• Cash flows from operatingactivities (inentity)
• Cash flows from investing activities (includes investingin self)
• Cash flows from financingactivities
• Net increase (decrease)in cash & cash equivalents
• Cash & cash equivalents at beginning ofyear
• Cash & cash equivalents at end oftheyear
• Supplemental information
•
‫العنوان‬
-
‫الزمني‬ ‫البيان‬ ‫تغطية‬ ‫وفترة‬ ‫والبيان‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫اسم‬
•
‫التشغيلية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬
(
‫المنشأة‬ ‫في‬
)
•
‫االستثمارية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬
(
‫الذات‬ ‫في‬ ‫االستثمار‬ ‫تشمل‬
)
•
‫التمويلية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬
•
‫الزيادة‬ ‫صافي‬
(
‫النقص‬
)
‫حكمه‬ ‫في‬ ‫وما‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫في‬
•
‫العام‬ ‫بداية‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعادل‬ ‫والنقد‬ ‫النقد‬
•
‫العام‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫في‬ ‫حكمه‬ ‫في‬ ‫وما‬ ‫النقد‬
•
‫إضافية‬ ‫معلومات‬
Cash Flows from OperatingActivities
The first section identifies the cash inflows and outflows resulting from the normal operations of
an entity. Because most entities do not have this information readily available, they derive it by
starting with the increase (decrease) in net assets from the statementof changes in net assets and
then making adjustmentsto convertthis accrual- based information intocashflows.
Cash FlowsfromInvestingActivities
The second section of the statementof cash flows is cash flows from investingactivities. This
showscash inflowsand outflowsfrom such accountsas:
Purchaseof plant,property,andequipment
Purchase of long-terminvestments
Proceedsfrom sale of plant,property,andequipment
Proceeds from sale of long-terminvestments
Investingby an entity includes investingin itself (such as when an entitybuysnew
equipment).
‫التشغيلية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬
‫للكيان‬ ‫العادية‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناتجة‬ ‫والخارجة‬ ‫الداخلة‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫األول‬ ‫القسم‬ ‫يحدد‬
.
‫لديه‬ ‫تتوفر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الكيانات‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫ألن‬ ‫ا‬ً‫نظر‬
‫بسهولة‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ا‬
‫بالزيادة‬ ‫بالبدء‬ ‫تشتقها‬ ‫فإنها‬ ،
(
‫النقصان‬
)
‫لتحويل‬ ‫تعديالت‬ ‫إجراء‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغيرات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫من‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬
‫القائمة‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫هذه‬
‫نقدية‬ ‫تدفقات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫االستحقاق‬ ‫على‬
.
‫االستثمارية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬
‫االستثمارية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫هو‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫من‬ ‫الثاني‬ ‫القسم‬
.
‫والخا‬ ‫الداخلة‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يوضح‬
‫مثل‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫رجة‬
:
‫والمعدات‬ ‫والممتلكات‬ ‫المنشآت‬ ‫شراء‬
‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫استثمارات‬ ‫شراء‬
‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫استثمارات‬ ‫بيع‬ ‫من‬ ‫متحصالت‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ‫والممتلكات‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫بيع‬ ‫من‬ ‫متحصالت‬
‫نفسه‬ ‫في‬ ‫االستثمار‬ ‫كيان‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫االستثمار‬ ‫يشمل‬
(
‫جديدة‬ ‫معدات‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫يشتري‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫مثل‬
.)
Cashand Cash Equivalentsatthe Endof the Year
This is the "bottomline" of the statementof cash flows and is the same as the cash and
cash equivalentsamountthat appearson the balance sheet.
CashFlows fromFinancingActivities
In this section of the statementof cash flows, we identify the changes in cash flows
resulting from financing activities.These include
Transferstoparent
Proceeds from selectedcontributions
Proceeds from issuance of long-termdebt
Repayment oflong-termdebt
Interestfromrestricted investmentsif interestincomeis also restricted
Repaymentand issuanceoflong-term debt are identifiedin cash flow from financing
activitiesin the statementof cashflows.
‫التمويل‬ ‫أنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬
‫أنشطة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناتجة‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغيرات‬ ‫نحدد‬ ، ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫من‬ ‫القسم‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫في‬
‫التمويل‬
.
‫هذه‬ ‫وتشمل‬
‫الوالدين‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫التحويالت‬
‫مختارة‬ ‫مساهمات‬ ‫من‬ ‫عائدات‬
‫األجل‬ ‫طويل‬ ‫دين‬ ‫سداد‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫طويل‬ ‫دين‬ ‫إصدار‬ ‫حصيلة‬
‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫الفوائد‬ ‫دخل‬ ‫تقييد‬ ‫تم‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫االستثمارات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الفوائد‬
‫بيان‬ ‫في‬ ‫التمويلية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫في‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫وإصدار‬ ‫سداد‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫يتم‬
‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬
.
‫العام‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫حكمه‬ ‫في‬ ‫وما‬ ‫النقد‬
‫هو‬ ‫هذا‬
"
‫النهائية‬ ‫المحصلة‬
"
‫ال‬ ‫في‬ ‫يظهر‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫المعادل‬ ‫والنقد‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫مبلغ‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫وهو‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫لبيان‬
‫العمومية‬ ‫ميزانية‬
.
StatementofCashFlowsComponents
Performance Indicator: The FASB requires not -for profit health care entities to include a
performance indicator in their statement of operations. The FASB defines it as an
intermediatelevelthat reports he results of operations.Note that operationsincludesboth
operatingand nonoperatingitems. It is analogousto income from continuingoperationsor
net income in an investor-ownedentity.
Charity CareDiscounts:Discountsfrom gross patientaccountsreceivablegiven to patients
who cannotpaytheir bills and who meet the entity'scharity carepolicy.
Amortization:
(1) The allocationofthe acquisition costof debt to the period that it benefits.
(2)The gradual process of payingoff debt through a series of equal periodic payments.
Each payment covers a portion of the principal plus current interest. The periodic
payments are equal over the lifetime of the loan, but the proportion going towardthe
principal graduallyincreases. The amount of a paymentcan be determined by using the
formulato calculatethe presentvalue of an annuity
‫األداء‬ ‫مؤشر‬
:
‫عملي‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫في‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫مؤشر‬ ‫تضمين‬ ‫للربح‬ ‫الهادفة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫كيانات‬ ‫من‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫معايير‬ ‫مجلس‬ ‫يطلب‬
‫اتها‬
.
‫مجلس‬ ‫يعرفه‬
‫العمليات‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تقارير‬ ‫يقدم‬ ‫​الذي‬​ ‫المتوسط‬ ‫المستوى‬ ‫بأنه‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫معايير‬
.
‫التشغيل‬ ‫عناصر‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫أن‬ ‫الحظ‬
‫العاملة‬ ‫وغير‬
.
‫إنه‬
‫للمستثمرين‬ ‫مملوك‬ ‫كيان‬ ‫في‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المستمرة‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للدخل‬ ‫مشابه‬
.
‫الخيرية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫خصومات‬
:
‫ي‬ ‫والذين‬ ‫فواتيرهم‬ ‫دفع‬ ‫يستطيعون‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫للمرضى‬ ‫الممنوحة‬ ‫للمرضى‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫الذمم‬ ‫إجمالي‬ ‫من‬ ‫خصومات‬
‫سياسة‬ ‫ستوفون‬
‫للجهة‬ ‫الخيرية‬ ‫الرعاية‬
.
‫اإلطفاء‬
:
‫منها‬ ‫تستفيد‬ ‫التي‬ ‫للفترة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫اقتناء‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫تخصيص‬
.
‫المتساوية‬ ‫الدورية‬ ‫المدفوعات‬ ‫من‬ ‫سلسلة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫لسداد‬ ‫التدريجية‬ ‫العملية‬
.
‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ ‫المال‬ ‫رأس‬ ‫من‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ء‬‫جز‬ ‫دفعة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تغطي‬
‫الحالية‬ ‫الفائدة‬
.
ً‫ا‬‫تدريجي‬ ‫تزداد‬ ‫المال‬ ‫رأس‬ ‫نحو‬ ‫تذهب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫لكن‬ ، ‫القرض‬ ‫عمر‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫على‬ ‫متساوية‬ ‫الدورية‬ ‫المدفوعات‬
.
‫الدف‬ ‫مبلغ‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫يمكن‬
‫الصيغة‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫ع‬
‫سنوي‬ ‫لمعاش‬ ‫الحالية‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫لحساب‬
AccumulatedDepreciation:The totalamountof depreciationtakenon an asset since it was put
intouse.
Third-PartyPayors:Commonlyreferred to as thirdparties, these are entitiesthat pay on behalf of
patients.
NoncontrollingInterest:The amount of a partially owned subsidiary entity that the parent
does notown.
Operating Income: is a classification within excess of revenues over expenses, which
separatesrevenues earned through health care-relatedactivities(operatingincome) and
those earned from other than health care-related activities (nonoperating items). Note
that nonoperatingitems aremost often a mixture of revenues,gains,and losses.
Investmentincome (loss) is reportedasnonoperating.
Net Income: Equivalentto excessof revenue over expenses fora not -for-profitentity.
‫المتراكم‬ ‫االستهالك‬
:
‫التنفيذ‬ ‫حيز‬ ‫في‬ ‫وضعه‬ ‫منذ‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫على‬ ‫تم‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫لإلهالك‬ ‫اإلجمالي‬ ‫المبلغ‬
.
‫الخارجية‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫جهات‬
:
‫المرضى‬ ‫عن‬ ‫نيابة‬ ‫تدفع‬ ‫كيانات‬ ‫وهي‬ ، ‫ثالثة‬ ‫كأطراف‬ ً‫ة‬‫عاد‬ ‫إليها‬ ‫شار‬ُ‫ي‬
.
‫المسيطرة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الفائدة‬
:
‫األم‬ ‫الشركة‬ ‫تملكه‬ ‫ال‬ ‫والذي‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ي‬‫جزئ‬ ‫المملوك‬ ‫الفرعي‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫مبلغ‬
.
‫التشغيلي‬ ‫الدخل‬
:
‫من‬ ‫المكتسبة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫بين‬ ‫يفصل‬ ‫والذي‬ ، ‫المصروفات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الزائدة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫تصنيف‬
‫األنشطة‬ ‫خالل‬
‫الصحية‬ ‫بالرعاية‬ ‫المتعلقة‬
(
‫التشغيلي‬ ‫الدخل‬
)
‫الص‬ ‫بالرعاية‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫المكتسبة‬ ‫وتلك‬
‫حية‬
(
‫غير‬ ‫البنود‬
‫التشغيلية‬
.)
‫والخسائر‬ ‫والمكاسب‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫من‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ج‬‫مزي‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ًا‬‫ب‬‫غال‬ ‫العاملة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫الحظ‬
.
‫دخل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫اإلبالغ‬ ‫تم‬
(
‫خسارة‬
)
‫عامل‬ ‫غير‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫على‬ ‫االستثمار‬
.
‫الدخل‬ ‫صافي‬
:
‫للربح‬ ‫هادف‬ ‫غير‬ ‫لكيان‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫فائض‬ ‫يعادل‬
.
Summary
• Examined have been the 4 basic financial statements which
comprise a picture of the financial health of a non profit,business
oriented health careentity.
• The four basic financial statementsare:
• Balance Sheet
• Statement of Operations
• Statement of Changes in NetAssets
• Statement of Cash Flows
•
‫لكيان‬ ‫المالي‬ ‫للوضع‬ ‫صورة‬ ‫تشكل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األربعة‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫تم‬
‫صحية‬ ‫رعاية‬
‫لألعمال‬ ‫موجه‬ ‫ربحي‬ ‫غير‬
.
•
‫هي‬ ‫األربعة‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬
:
•
‫التوازن‬ ‫ورقة‬
•
‫العمليات‬ ‫بيان‬
•
‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغيرات‬ ‫بيان‬
•
‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫بيان‬
Principles and
Practices ofHealth
CareAccounting
Chapter3
LearningObjectives
•
Recordfinancialtransactions
•
Understand the basics of accrualaccounting
•
Summarizetransactionsinfofinancial statements
One of the major roles of accounting is to record these transactionsand
report the results in a standardizedformat tointerested parties.
‫ي‬
‫ف‬ ‫النتائج‬ ‫عن‬ ‫واإلبالغ‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تسجيل‬ ‫للمحاسبة‬ ‫الرئيسية‬‫األدوار‬ ‫ومن‬
‫موحد‬ ‫شكل‬
‫المهتمة‬ ‫اف‬‫ر‬‫األط‬ ‫إىل‬
.
The“Book”
• As transactions occur (such as the purchase of supplies), they are recorded
chronologically in a “Book” called a journal. This book is more likely to be a
computer than a paper journal requiring manual entries.
• Periodically (simultaneously when using most computer programs), the
transactionsare summarizedby account(i.e., cash, equipment, revenues, etc.) into
another book called aledger
• The journaland ledger make up the chronological listing of
transactions and the current balance in eachaccount
• Totals foreach accountin the ledger are used to preparethe four financial
statements
•
‫المعامالت‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫عند‬
(
‫اإلمدادات‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬
‫ش‬ ‫مثل‬
)
‫ي‬
‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ً‫زمني‬ ‫تسجيلها‬ ‫يتم‬ ،
"
‫كتاب‬
"
‫د‬ ‫يسىم‬
‫اليومية‬ ‫ر‬
‫في‬
.
‫إدخاالت‬ ‫يتطلب‬ ‫ي‬
‫ر‬
‫ورف‬ ‫يومية‬ ‫ر‬
‫دفي‬ ‫من‬ ‫ر‬
‫أكي‬ ‫ا‬ً
‫كمبيوتر‬‫الكتاب‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫المرجح‬ ‫من‬
‫يدوية‬
.
•
‫دوريا‬
(
‫الكمبيوتر‬ ‫امج‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫عند‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬
)
‫ع‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫تلخيص‬ ‫يتم‬ ،
‫طريق‬ ‫ن‬
‫حساب‬
(
‫الخ‬ ، ‫ادات‬‫ر‬‫واإلي‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫أي‬
)
‫األستاذ‬ ‫ر‬
‫دفي‬ ‫يسىم‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫ر‬
‫دفي‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬
•
‫حس‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬ ‫ي‬
‫الحاىل‬ ‫والرصيد‬ ‫للمعامالت‬ ‫الزمنية‬ ‫القائمة‬ ‫األستاذ‬ ‫ر‬
‫ودفي‬ ‫المجلة‬ ‫تشكل‬
‫اب‬
•
‫األربع‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫القوائم‬ ‫إلعداد‬ ‫وتستخدم‬ ‫األستاذ‬ ‫ر‬
‫دفي‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫المجاميع‬ ‫حساب‬
‫ة‬
The Book
The Journal
The journal is informal, also known as “book of original entry”. Its consists of recorded in the
accounting entries, the recorded accounting at a record of business transactions, will be in
sequential order,accordingto the datethe transactionsoccur, or in chronological order.
Recordinga transactionin the generaljournal is called journalizing.It is known as a subsidiary
book.
Once you haverecorded a transactionin a general journal, the amountsare posted to the
appropriate accounts, such as equipment,accountsreceivable,and cash transactions.
‫صحيفة‬
"
‫المجلة‬
"
‫باسم‬ ‫أيضا‬ ‫تعرف‬ ،‫رسمية‬ ‫ر‬
‫غي‬
"
‫ي‬
‫األصل‬ ‫اإلدخال‬ ‫كتاب‬
."
‫القيو‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬ ‫المسجلة‬ ‫من‬ ‫يتألف‬
، ‫المحاسبية‬ ‫د‬
‫للتاري‬ ‫وفقا‬ ، ‫ي‬
‫تسلسل‬ ‫ترتيب‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫وسوف‬ ، ‫التجارية‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫سجل‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬ ‫المسجلة‬ ‫والمحاسبة‬
، ‫التكون‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫خ‬
‫ي‬
‫الزمن‬ ‫تيب‬ ‫ر‬
‫الي‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬ ‫أو‬
.
‫اليومية‬ ‫ر‬
‫بدفي‬ ‫العام‬ ‫اليومية‬ ‫ر‬
‫دفي‬ ‫ي‬
‫ف‬ ‫التسجيل‬ ‫معاملة‬ ‫تسىم‬
.
‫المعروف‬ ‫ومن‬
‫تابع‬ ‫كتاب‬‫باسم‬
.
2types
The Ledger
The ledger is more formalized, also known as “the book of second entry”. It is used to track assets,
liabilities,owner capital,revenues,and expenses.It is a book or file used to record all relevantaccounts.
The act of recordinga transaction in the ledger is called posting. The general ledger is known as a
principlebook.
‫ر‬
‫ودفي‬
‫األستاذ‬
‫ر‬
‫أكي‬
،‫رسمية‬
‫والمعروف‬
‫أيضا‬
‫باسم‬
"
‫ر‬
‫دفي‬
‫الدخول‬
‫ي‬
‫الثان‬
"
.
‫يتم‬
‫استخدامه‬
‫لتتبع‬
‫األصول‬
‫والخصو‬
‫م‬
‫أس‬‫ر‬‫و‬
‫المال‬
‫المالك‬
‫ادات‬‫ر‬‫واإلي‬
‫والمرصوفات‬
.
‫وهو‬
‫كتاب‬
‫أو‬
‫ملف‬
‫يستخدم‬
‫لتسجيل‬
‫جميع‬
‫الحسابات‬
‫ذات‬
‫الصلة‬
.
‫ويسىم‬
‫اء‬‫ر‬‫إج‬
‫تسجيل‬
‫الح‬
‫كة‬
‫ر‬
‫ي‬
‫ف‬
‫ر‬
‫دفي‬
‫األستاذ‬
‫حيل‬ ‫ر‬
‫الي‬
.
‫عرف‬ُ‫ي‬
‫ر‬
‫دفي‬
‫األستاذ‬
‫العام‬
‫ر‬
‫كدفي‬
‫أساس‬
.
‫و‬ ‫المعدات‬ ‫مثل‬ ،‫المناسبة‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المبالغ‬ ‫ترحيل‬ ‫يتم‬ ،‫عام‬ ‫يومية‬ ‫دفتر‬ ‫في‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫تسجيل‬ ‫بمجرد‬
‫التي‬ ‫الحسابات‬
‫النقدية‬ ‫والحركات‬ ‫استردادها‬ ‫يمكن‬
.
The Book here as Computer,itsworkinga journal
Methods ofAccounting
• Cash basis of accounting- tracks cash when received and when cash
is expended regardless of when services were provided or resources
wereused
• Accrual basis of accounting- records revenues when earnedand
resources used regardlessof the flow ofcash in or out of theentity
• Health care organizationsuseaccrualbasis ofaccounting
Accrual Basis ofAccounting
An accounting method that aligns the flow of resources and the revenues those
resources helped to generate.It recordsrevenueswhen earned and resources when
used, regardlessof the flow of cash in or out of the organization.Thisis the standard
method in use today.
•
‫للمحاسبة‬ ‫النقدي‬ ‫األساس‬
-
‫بغض‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫إنفاق‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫وعندما‬ ‫استالمها‬ ‫عند‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫يتتبع‬
‫وقت‬ ‫عن‬ ‫النظر‬
‫استعمالها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الخدمات‬ ‫تقديم‬
•
‫للمحاسبة‬ ‫االستحقاق‬ ‫أساس‬
-
‫ت‬ ‫عن‬ ‫النظر‬ ‫بغض‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫والموارد‬ ‫مكتسبات‬ ‫عند‬ ‫السجالت‬
‫دفق‬
‫الكيان‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫أو‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫النقدية‬
•
‫المحاسبة‬ ‫في‬ ‫االستحقاق‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫د‬ ِ
‫ر‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫منظمات‬
‫توليدها‬ ‫على‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫ساعدت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫واإليرادات‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫تدفق‬ ‫بمواءمة‬ ‫يقوم‬ ‫محاسبي‬ ‫أسلوب‬
.
‫ا‬ ‫يسجل‬
‫إليرادات‬
‫المؤسسة‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫أو‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫تدفق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫النظر‬ ‫بغض‬ ،‫استخدامها‬ ‫عند‬ ‫والموارد‬ ‫كسبها‬ ‫عند‬
.
‫ا‬ ‫األسلوب‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هذا‬
‫لقياسي‬
‫اليوم‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫في‬
.
cash basis of accounting focuses on the flows of cash in and out of the
organization, whereas the accrual basis of accountingfocuseson the flows of
resources and the revenues those resources help togenerate
‫االستح‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫حين‬ ‫في‬ ،‫وخارجها‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫تدفقات‬ ‫على‬ ‫للمحاسبة‬ ‫النقدي‬ ‫األساس‬ ‫يركز‬
‫في‬ ‫قاق‬
‫توليدها‬ ‫على‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫تساعد‬ ‫التي‬ ‫واإليرادات‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫تدفقات‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫حسابات‬
RecordingTransactions
• 2 rules under accrualaccounting
1- At least two accounts must be used to record a
transaction:
a) Increase (decrease) an asset account
whenever assetsare acquired (used).
b) Increase (decrease) a liability account whenever
obligations are incurred (paidfor).
c) Increase a revenues, gains, or other support
account when it occurs.
d) Increase an expenseaccountwhen an asset is used.
Net assets increase when unrestrictedrevenues, gains,and other support
increase, and net assets decrease whenexpenses occur.
‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫إطار‬ ‫في‬ ‫قاعدتان‬
‫االستحقاق‬
1
-
‫لتسج‬ ‫األقل‬ ‫على‬ ‫حسابين‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يجب‬
‫يل‬
‫المعاملة‬
:
‫أ‬
-
‫زيادة‬
(
‫نقصان‬
)
‫تم‬ ‫كلما‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫حساب‬
‫األصول‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحصول‬
(
‫المستخدمة‬
.)
‫ب‬
-
‫زيادة‬
(
‫نقصان‬
)
‫تك‬ ‫تم‬ ‫كلما‬ ‫التزام‬ ‫حساب‬
‫بد‬
‫التزامات‬
(
‫ثمنها‬ ‫مدفوع‬
.)
‫ت‬
-
‫حساب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المكاسب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫زيادة‬
‫ذلك‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الدعم‬
.
‫ث‬
-
‫أح‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫عند‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫زيادة‬
‫د‬
‫األصول‬
.
‫صافي‬ ‫وينخفض‬ ،‫الدعم‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫من‬ ‫وغيرها‬ ‫والمكاسب‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫تزداد‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫وتزداد‬
‫النفقات‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫عند‬ ‫األصول‬
.
2nd RuleRecording
Transactions
2- After each transaction, the fundamentalaccountingequation
must be in balance:
Assets=Liabilities +NetAssets
Contraasset
An asset that, when increased, decreases the value of a related asset on the books. Two
primary examples are accumulated depreciation, which is the contra-asset to properties
and equipment,and the allowancefor uncollectibles,which is the contra-assetto
accounts receivable.
The terms allowance for doubtful accounts, allowance for uncollectible accounts, and
allowance for bad debt are used interchangeablyin practice. Similarly,the terms provision
for bad debt and bad debt expenseare used interchangeablyin practice.
NetAssets=totalAssets– total Liabilities
2
-
‫األساسية‬ ‫المحاسبية‬ ‫المعادلة‬ ،‫معاملة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫بعد‬
:
•
‫الدفاتر‬ ‫في‬ ‫صلة‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫أصل‬ ‫قيمة‬ ‫من‬ ‫يقلل‬ ،‫زيادته‬ ‫عند‬ ،‫أصل‬
.
‫األص‬ ‫وهو‬ ،‫المتراكم‬ ‫االستهالك‬ ‫هما‬ ‫رئيسيان‬ ‫مثاالن‬ ‫وهناك‬
‫غير‬ ‫ول‬
‫ا‬ ‫المستحقة‬ ‫للحسابات‬ ‫المقابل‬ ‫األصل‬ ‫وهو‬ ،‫المحصلة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫المبالغ‬ ‫وبدل‬ ،‫والمعدات‬ ‫الممتلكات‬ ‫في‬ ‫لالستخدام‬ ‫القابلة‬
‫لقبض‬
.
•
‫للتحص‬ ‫القابلة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫وبدل‬ ،‫تحصيلها‬ ‫في‬ ‫المشكوك‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫بدل‬ ‫شروط‬ ‫العملية‬ ‫الممارسة‬ ‫في‬ ‫وتستخدم‬
‫الديون‬ ‫وبدل‬ ،‫يل‬
‫المعدومة‬
.
‫الع‬ ‫الممارسة‬ ‫في‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫المعدومة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫ومصاريف‬ ‫المعدومة‬ ‫بالديون‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫الحكم‬ ‫شروط‬ ‫فإن‬ ،‫وبالمثل‬
‫ملية‬
.
Developing the Financial
Statements
• Once the transactionshave been analyzedand recorded,
the organization can develop the four financial
statements:
• Balance Sheet
• Statement of Operations
• Statementof Changes in NetAssets
• Statement of Cash Flows
‫تط‬ ‫للمنظمة‬ ‫يمكن‬ ،‫وتسجيلها‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫بمجرد‬
‫وير‬
‫األربعة‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬
:
The Statement of Operations includes:
1Unrestricted Revenues, Gains, and Other Support
2Operating Expenses
3Operating Income and Excess of Revenues over Expenses.
4Increase in Unrestricted NetAssets
The Balance Sheetincludes:
1Assets
2Liabilities
3NetAssets
The Statement of Changesin NetAssets includes:
1Unrestricted net assets
2Temporarily restricted netassets
3Permanentlyrestrictednetassets
4Increase in netassets
5Net assets at the beginning and end of the year.
The Statement of Cash Flowsincludes:
1Cash flows from operating activities
2Cash flows from investing activities
3Cash flows from financingactivities.
Summary
• One of the major roles of accounting is torecord the transactions in a standardized
format and report the results.
• These transactionsare the basis for the financialstatements
• Accrual accounting is used by health careorganizations
• Financial statements are a foundationfor decision making in health care organizations
Operating Expenses are costs that are incurredin the day-to-dayoperation
of the business.
Operating income is the difference between unrestricted revenues,gains,
and other support andexpenses
•
‫النتائج‬ ‫عن‬ ‫واإلبالغ‬ ‫موحد‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫تسجيل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫للمحاسبة‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫األدوار‬ ‫أحد‬
.
•
‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫هذه‬
•
‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مؤسسات‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫االستحقاق‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يتم‬
•
‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مؤسسات‬ ‫في‬ ‫القرار‬ ‫اتخاذ‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬
‫التجارية‬ ‫لألعمال‬ ‫اليومية‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫في‬ ‫تكبدها‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫التكاليف‬ ‫هي‬ ‫التشغيل‬ ‫نفقات‬
.
‫األخرى‬ ‫والنفقات‬ ‫والدعم‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫والمكاسب‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الفرق‬ ‫هو‬ ‫التشغيلي‬ ‫الدخل‬
FinancialStatement
Analysis
Chapter4
LearningObjectives
•
Analyzethe financialstatementsof healthcareorganizations
using the horizontal analysis, vertical analysis and ratio
analysis
•
Calculate and interpretliquidity,profit,activity and capital
structure ratios
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery
Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery

More Related Content

Similar to Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery

Growth and Dispersion of Accountable Care Organizations
Growth and Dispersion of Accountable Care OrganizationsGrowth and Dispersion of Accountable Care Organizations
Growth and Dispersion of Accountable Care OrganizationsLeavitt Partners
 
Medicine in 21st Century USA -- Kent Bottles, MD
Medicine in 21st Century USA -- Kent Bottles, MDMedicine in 21st Century USA -- Kent Bottles, MD
Medicine in 21st Century USA -- Kent Bottles, MDEmCare
 
Resetting Payer-Provider Arrangements for COVID-19 and the Evolving Improveme...
Resetting Payer-Provider Arrangements for COVID-19 and the Evolving Improveme...Resetting Payer-Provider Arrangements for COVID-19 and the Evolving Improveme...
Resetting Payer-Provider Arrangements for COVID-19 and the Evolving Improveme...Health Catalyst
 
The Proposed Health Care Reform’S Impact On Marketing
The Proposed Health Care Reform’S Impact On MarketingThe Proposed Health Care Reform’S Impact On Marketing
The Proposed Health Care Reform’S Impact On MarketingStone Ward
 
high value care to reduce waste in health care
high value care to reduce waste in health carehigh value care to reduce waste in health care
high value care to reduce waste in health caremukeshkakkar
 
Chapter 1: Context of Health Care Financial Management
Chapter 1: Context of Health Care Financial ManagementChapter 1: Context of Health Care Financial Management
Chapter 1: Context of Health Care Financial ManagementNada G.Youssef
 
Healthcare Quality Coalition letter
Healthcare Quality Coalition letterHealthcare Quality Coalition letter
Healthcare Quality Coalition letterPost-Bulletin Co.
 
Accountable Care Organizations: Operations and Audits
Accountable Care Organizations: Operations and AuditsAccountable Care Organizations: Operations and Audits
Accountable Care Organizations: Operations and AuditsFraser Trebilcock Lawyers
 
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15jackell
 
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15jackell
 
 US Health Care System Week 5 For this assignment, you wi
 US Health Care System Week 5 For this assignment, you wi US Health Care System Week 5 For this assignment, you wi
 US Health Care System Week 5 For this assignment, you wishandicollingwood
 
Online Conference Takes “Deep Dive” into Affordable Care Act
Online Conference Takes “Deep Dive” into Affordable Care ActOnline Conference Takes “Deep Dive” into Affordable Care Act
Online Conference Takes “Deep Dive” into Affordable Care ActPYA, P.C.
 
Kentucky health cooperative an overview
Kentucky health cooperative   an overviewKentucky health cooperative   an overview
Kentucky health cooperative an overviewjacktillman
 

Similar to Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery (20)

Growth and Dispersion of Accountable Care Organizations
Growth and Dispersion of Accountable Care OrganizationsGrowth and Dispersion of Accountable Care Organizations
Growth and Dispersion of Accountable Care Organizations
 
Health insurance
Health insuranceHealth insurance
Health insurance
 
Medicine in 21st Century USA -- Kent Bottles, MD
Medicine in 21st Century USA -- Kent Bottles, MDMedicine in 21st Century USA -- Kent Bottles, MD
Medicine in 21st Century USA -- Kent Bottles, MD
 
Health Insurance Glossary
Health Insurance GlossaryHealth Insurance Glossary
Health Insurance Glossary
 
Resetting Payer-Provider Arrangements for COVID-19 and the Evolving Improveme...
Resetting Payer-Provider Arrangements for COVID-19 and the Evolving Improveme...Resetting Payer-Provider Arrangements for COVID-19 and the Evolving Improveme...
Resetting Payer-Provider Arrangements for COVID-19 and the Evolving Improveme...
 
Sb blog 102213-are-health-insurers-ready
Sb blog 102213-are-health-insurers-readySb blog 102213-are-health-insurers-ready
Sb blog 102213-are-health-insurers-ready
 
The Proposed Health Care Reform’S Impact On Marketing
The Proposed Health Care Reform’S Impact On MarketingThe Proposed Health Care Reform’S Impact On Marketing
The Proposed Health Care Reform’S Impact On Marketing
 
Acospin
AcospinAcospin
Acospin
 
high value care to reduce waste in health care
high value care to reduce waste in health carehigh value care to reduce waste in health care
high value care to reduce waste in health care
 
Chapter 1: Context of Health Care Financial Management
Chapter 1: Context of Health Care Financial ManagementChapter 1: Context of Health Care Financial Management
Chapter 1: Context of Health Care Financial Management
 
Healthcare Quality Coalition letter
Healthcare Quality Coalition letterHealthcare Quality Coalition letter
Healthcare Quality Coalition letter
 
Bundled payment ceu
Bundled payment ceu Bundled payment ceu
Bundled payment ceu
 
Accountable Care Organizations: Operations and Audits
Accountable Care Organizations: Operations and AuditsAccountable Care Organizations: Operations and Audits
Accountable Care Organizations: Operations and Audits
 
The Health Care Law and You
The Health Care Law and YouThe Health Care Law and You
The Health Care Law and You
 
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15
 
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15
ACSG DIRECT TO EMPLOYER WHITE PAPER MARCH 15
 
 US Health Care System Week 5 For this assignment, you wi
 US Health Care System Week 5 For this assignment, you wi US Health Care System Week 5 For this assignment, you wi
 US Health Care System Week 5 For this assignment, you wi
 
Online Conference Takes “Deep Dive” into Affordable Care Act
Online Conference Takes “Deep Dive” into Affordable Care ActOnline Conference Takes “Deep Dive” into Affordable Care Act
Online Conference Takes “Deep Dive” into Affordable Care Act
 
NAPH presentation chicago
NAPH presentation chicagoNAPH presentation chicago
NAPH presentation chicago
 
Kentucky health cooperative an overview
Kentucky health cooperative   an overviewKentucky health cooperative   an overview
Kentucky health cooperative an overview
 

Recently uploaded

阿德莱德大学本科毕业证成绩单咨询(书英文硕士学位证)
阿德莱德大学本科毕业证成绩单咨询(书英文硕士学位证)阿德莱德大学本科毕业证成绩单咨询(书英文硕士学位证)
阿德莱德大学本科毕业证成绩单咨询(书英文硕士学位证)obuhobo
 
Storytelling, Ethics and Workflow in Documentary Photography
Storytelling, Ethics and Workflow in Documentary PhotographyStorytelling, Ethics and Workflow in Documentary Photography
Storytelling, Ethics and Workflow in Documentary PhotographyOrtega Alikwe
 
Preventing and ending sexual harassment in the workplace.pptx
Preventing and ending sexual harassment in the workplace.pptxPreventing and ending sexual harassment in the workplace.pptx
Preventing and ending sexual harassment in the workplace.pptxGry Tina Tinde
 
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Made
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home MadeDubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Made
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Madekojalkojal131
 
How to Find the Best NEET Coaching in Indore (2).pdf
How to Find the Best NEET Coaching in Indore (2).pdfHow to Find the Best NEET Coaching in Indore (2).pdf
How to Find the Best NEET Coaching in Indore (2).pdfmayank158542
 
VIP Russian Call Girls in Amravati Deepika 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...
VIP Russian Call Girls in Amravati Deepika 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...VIP Russian Call Girls in Amravati Deepika 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...
VIP Russian Call Girls in Amravati Deepika 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...Suhani Kapoor
 
加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校硕士毕业证成绩单(价格咨询)学位证书pdf
加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校硕士毕业证成绩单(价格咨询)学位证书pdf加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校硕士毕业证成绩单(价格咨询)学位证书pdf
加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校硕士毕业证成绩单(价格咨询)学位证书pdfobuhobo
 
Call Girls Mukherjee Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012
Call Girls Mukherjee Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012Call Girls Mukherjee Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012
Call Girls Mukherjee Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012rehmti665
 
Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Place 24/7✡️9711147426✡️ Escorts Service
Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Place 24/7✡️9711147426✡️ Escorts ServiceCall Girls In Bhikaji Cama Place 24/7✡️9711147426✡️ Escorts Service
Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Place 24/7✡️9711147426✡️ Escorts Servicejennyeacort
 
do's and don'ts in Telephone Interview of Job
do's and don'ts in Telephone Interview of Jobdo's and don'ts in Telephone Interview of Job
do's and don'ts in Telephone Interview of JobRemote DBA Services
 
内布拉斯加大学林肯分校毕业证录取书( 退学 )学位证书硕士
内布拉斯加大学林肯分校毕业证录取书( 退学 )学位证书硕士内布拉斯加大学林肯分校毕业证录取书( 退学 )学位证书硕士
内布拉斯加大学林肯分校毕业证录取书( 退学 )学位证书硕士obuhobo
 
办理学位证(UoM证书)北安普顿大学毕业证成绩单原版一比一
办理学位证(UoM证书)北安普顿大学毕业证成绩单原版一比一办理学位证(UoM证书)北安普顿大学毕业证成绩单原版一比一
办理学位证(UoM证书)北安普顿大学毕业证成绩单原版一比一A SSS
 
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girls
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call GirlsDelhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girls
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girlsshivangimorya083
 
Final Completion Certificate of Marketing Management Internship
Final Completion Certificate of Marketing Management InternshipFinal Completion Certificate of Marketing Management Internship
Final Completion Certificate of Marketing Management InternshipSoham Mondal
 
VIP Call Girl Bhilai Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Bhilai
VIP Call Girl Bhilai Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service BhilaiVIP Call Girl Bhilai Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Bhilai
VIP Call Girl Bhilai Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service BhilaiSuhani Kapoor
 
Notes of bca Question paper for exams and tests
Notes of bca Question paper for exams and testsNotes of bca Question paper for exams and tests
Notes of bca Question paper for exams and testspriyanshukumar97908
 
加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书( 咨询 )证书双学位
加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书( 咨询 )证书双学位加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书( 咨询 )证书双学位
加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书( 咨询 )证书双学位obuhobo
 
Call Girl in Low Price Delhi Punjabi Bagh 9711199012
Call Girl in Low Price Delhi Punjabi Bagh  9711199012Call Girl in Low Price Delhi Punjabi Bagh  9711199012
Call Girl in Low Price Delhi Punjabi Bagh 9711199012sapnasaifi408
 

Recently uploaded (20)

阿德莱德大学本科毕业证成绩单咨询(书英文硕士学位证)
阿德莱德大学本科毕业证成绩单咨询(书英文硕士学位证)阿德莱德大学本科毕业证成绩单咨询(书英文硕士学位证)
阿德莱德大学本科毕业证成绩单咨询(书英文硕士学位证)
 
Storytelling, Ethics and Workflow in Documentary Photography
Storytelling, Ethics and Workflow in Documentary PhotographyStorytelling, Ethics and Workflow in Documentary Photography
Storytelling, Ethics and Workflow in Documentary Photography
 
Preventing and ending sexual harassment in the workplace.pptx
Preventing and ending sexual harassment in the workplace.pptxPreventing and ending sexual harassment in the workplace.pptx
Preventing and ending sexual harassment in the workplace.pptx
 
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Made
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home MadeDubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Made
Dubai Call Girls Naija O525547819 Call Girls In Dubai Home Made
 
How to Find the Best NEET Coaching in Indore (2).pdf
How to Find the Best NEET Coaching in Indore (2).pdfHow to Find the Best NEET Coaching in Indore (2).pdf
How to Find the Best NEET Coaching in Indore (2).pdf
 
VIP Russian Call Girls in Amravati Deepika 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...
VIP Russian Call Girls in Amravati Deepika 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...VIP Russian Call Girls in Amravati Deepika 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...
VIP Russian Call Girls in Amravati Deepika 8250192130 Independent Escort Serv...
 
加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校硕士毕业证成绩单(价格咨询)学位证书pdf
加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校硕士毕业证成绩单(价格咨询)学位证书pdf加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校硕士毕业证成绩单(价格咨询)学位证书pdf
加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校硕士毕业证成绩单(价格咨询)学位证书pdf
 
Call Girls Mukherjee Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012
Call Girls Mukherjee Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012Call Girls Mukherjee Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012
Call Girls Mukherjee Nagar Delhi reach out to us at ☎ 9711199012
 
Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Place 24/7✡️9711147426✡️ Escorts Service
Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Place 24/7✡️9711147426✡️ Escorts ServiceCall Girls In Bhikaji Cama Place 24/7✡️9711147426✡️ Escorts Service
Call Girls In Bhikaji Cama Place 24/7✡️9711147426✡️ Escorts Service
 
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Gautam Nagar (Delhi) Call Us 9953056974
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Gautam Nagar (Delhi) Call Us 9953056974FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Gautam Nagar (Delhi) Call Us 9953056974
FULL ENJOY Call Girls In Gautam Nagar (Delhi) Call Us 9953056974
 
do's and don'ts in Telephone Interview of Job
do's and don'ts in Telephone Interview of Jobdo's and don'ts in Telephone Interview of Job
do's and don'ts in Telephone Interview of Job
 
内布拉斯加大学林肯分校毕业证录取书( 退学 )学位证书硕士
内布拉斯加大学林肯分校毕业证录取书( 退学 )学位证书硕士内布拉斯加大学林肯分校毕业证录取书( 退学 )学位证书硕士
内布拉斯加大学林肯分校毕业证录取书( 退学 )学位证书硕士
 
办理学位证(UoM证书)北安普顿大学毕业证成绩单原版一比一
办理学位证(UoM证书)北安普顿大学毕业证成绩单原版一比一办理学位证(UoM证书)北安普顿大学毕业证成绩单原版一比一
办理学位证(UoM证书)北安普顿大学毕业证成绩单原版一比一
 
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girls
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call GirlsDelhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girls
Delhi Call Girls In Atta Market 9711199012 Book Your One night Stand Call Girls
 
Final Completion Certificate of Marketing Management Internship
Final Completion Certificate of Marketing Management InternshipFinal Completion Certificate of Marketing Management Internship
Final Completion Certificate of Marketing Management Internship
 
VIP Call Girl Bhilai Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Bhilai
VIP Call Girl Bhilai Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service BhilaiVIP Call Girl Bhilai Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Bhilai
VIP Call Girl Bhilai Aashi 8250192130 Independent Escort Service Bhilai
 
Notes of bca Question paper for exams and tests
Notes of bca Question paper for exams and testsNotes of bca Question paper for exams and tests
Notes of bca Question paper for exams and tests
 
加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书( 咨询 )证书双学位
加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书( 咨询 )证书双学位加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书( 咨询 )证书双学位
加利福尼亚艺术学院毕业证文凭证书( 咨询 )证书双学位
 
Call Girl in Low Price Delhi Punjabi Bagh 9711199012
Call Girl in Low Price Delhi Punjabi Bagh  9711199012Call Girl in Low Price Delhi Punjabi Bagh  9711199012
Call Girl in Low Price Delhi Punjabi Bagh 9711199012
 
Call Girls In Prashant Vihar꧁❤ 🔝 9953056974🔝❤꧂ Escort ServiCe
Call Girls In Prashant Vihar꧁❤ 🔝 9953056974🔝❤꧂ Escort ServiCeCall Girls In Prashant Vihar꧁❤ 🔝 9953056974🔝❤꧂ Escort ServiCe
Call Girls In Prashant Vihar꧁❤ 🔝 9953056974🔝❤꧂ Escort ServiCe
 

Key Issues in Health Care Financial Management and Delivery

  • 1. Context of Health Care FinancialManagement Chapter1
  • 2. LearningObjectives • Identify keyelementsthat are driving changes in health care delivery • Identify keyapproachesto controlling health care costs and resulting ethicalissues • Identify keychanges in reimbursementmechanismsto providers
  • 3. • CAPITATIONAsystem that pays providers a specific amount in advance to care for the health care needs of a population over a specific time period. Providers are usually paid on per memberper month (PMPM) basis. The provider then assumes the risk that the cost of caring for the population mayexceed the aggregate PMPM amount received. • CARE MAPPING A process that specifies in advance the preferred treatment regimen for patients with particular diagnoses. This is also referred to as a clinical pathway, clinical protocol, or practice guideline. • SHARED SAVINGSA payment strategythat encouragesprovidersto reduce health care spending for a defined patient population by offeringthem a percentageof the net savings realizedas a resultof their efforts. • CAPITATION ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫احتياجات‬ ‫لرعاية‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مقد‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫محد‬ ‫ا‬ً‫غ‬‫مبل‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫لمقدمي‬ ‫يدفع‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫هو‬ ‫للسكان‬ ‫محددة‬ ‫زمنية‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫خالل‬ . ‫الشهر‬ ‫في‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫كل‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫للمقدمين‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫ما‬ ‫عادة‬ ( PMPM .) ‫يفترض‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫مبلغ‬ ‫إجمالي‬ ‫تتجاوز‬ ‫قد‬ ‫السكان‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫أن‬ ‫خطر‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫مقدم‬ PMPM ‫المستلم‬ . • ‫خريطة‬ ‫رسم‬ ‫تشخيص‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعانون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫للمرضى‬ ‫المفضل‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫تحدد‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫معينة‬ ‫ات‬ . ‫الممارسة‬ ‫إرشادات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫السريري‬ ‫البروتوكول‬ ‫أو‬ ‫السريري‬ ‫المسار‬ ‫باسم‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫شار‬ُ‫ي‬ . • ‫المشترك‬ ‫التوفير‬ ‫الص‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإلنفاق‬ ‫تقليل‬ ‫على‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫مقدمي‬ ‫تشجع‬ ‫دفع‬ ‫استراتيجية‬ ‫لمجموعة‬ ‫حية‬ ‫لجهودهم‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫المحققة‬ ‫المدخرات‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫من‬ ‫مئوية‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫منحهم‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫من‬ ‫محددة‬ .
  • 4. • MALPRACTICEREFORM The ACA addresses medicalliability in twoways: (1) extensionof federal malpractice protectionsto nonmedical personnel working infreeclinics. (2) authorization of $50 million over the next five yearsfor HHS to award demonstration project grants. These grants would be provided to states to develop, implement, institute,and evaluatealternativesto the present system used in the United States to resolve charges against physicians and other health care providers of wrongdoing topatients. ‫الخاطئ‬ ‫اإلصالح‬ ‫تتناول‬ ACA ‫مرحلتين‬ ‫على‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫المسؤولية‬ : .1 ‫العاملي‬ ‫الطبيين‬ ‫غير‬ ‫للموظفين‬ ‫الممارسة‬ ‫سوء‬ ‫ضد‬ ‫الفيدرالية‬ ‫الحماية‬ ‫تمديد‬ ‫العيادات‬ ‫في‬ ‫ن‬ ‫المجانية‬ . .2 ‫بمبلغ‬ ‫تفويض‬ 50 ‫لـ‬ ‫القادمة‬ ‫الخمس‬ ‫السنوات‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫على‬ ‫دوالر‬ ‫مليون‬ HHS ‫منح‬ ‫لمنح‬ ‫اإليضاحية‬ ‫المشاريع‬ . ‫وتأس‬ ‫وتنفيذ‬ ‫لتطوير‬ ‫الدول‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المنح‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تقديم‬ ‫سيتم‬ ‫بدائل‬ ‫وتقييم‬ ‫يس‬ ‫األطب‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الموجهة‬ ‫التهم‬ ‫لتسوية‬ ‫المتحدة‬ ‫الواليات‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫الحالي‬ ‫للنظام‬ ‫ومقدمي‬ ‫اء‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫معاملة‬ ‫إساءة‬ ‫بشأن‬ ‫اآلخرين‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ .
  • 5. LoweringCosts • Patient Protection and Affordable CareAct(ACA) • CMS trying to control risingcosts Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services(CMS) • Value Based Purchasing(VBP)
  • 7. Toestablish a contextfor the topics covered in this text, this chapter highlights key issues affecting health care organizations.It is organizedintothree sections: (1)changing methods of health carefinancingand delivery, (2) addressing the high cost ofcare,and (3) establishing value-based paymentmechanisms. ‫القض‬ ‫على‬ ‫الضوء‬ ‫الفصل‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يسلط‬ ، ‫النص‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يغطيها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫للموضوعات‬ ‫سياق‬ ‫إلنشاء‬ ‫ايا‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مؤسسات‬ ‫على‬ ‫تؤثر‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ . ‫أقسام‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫منظمة‬ ‫وهي‬ : .1 ، ‫وتقديمها‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫تمويل‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫تغيير‬ .2 ‫و‬ ، ‫الرعاية‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫ارتفاع‬ ‫معالجة‬ .3 ‫القيمة‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫آليات‬ ‫إنشاء‬ .
  • 8. ChangingMethodsOfHealthCare FinancingandDelivery • Requirementthat almost all individualshave insurance coverage • Requirementthat statescreateinsurance exchanges • Provisionsfor expansionof Medicaid (is a social health care program for familiesand individualswith low income and resources) • Provisions for medicalloss ratioand premium rate reviews • Bundled paymentsandVBP • Accountable CareOrganizations This individual mandate lies at the heart ofthelegislation. whereindividualsand smallbusinesses can obtaincoverage.TheACA containsrequirements foran essential benefitspackageand providesforchangesto the taxlaw that include penaltiesfor individualswhochoose not to haveinsurance. under agesixty-five. value-basedpurchasingsystem to share in costsavingsthat they achieveforthe Medicare program. • ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫تقري‬ ‫األفراد‬ ‫لجميع‬ ‫تأمينية‬ ‫تغطية‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫اشتراط‬ . • ‫التأمين‬ ‫تبادالت‬ ‫إنشاء‬ ‫على‬ ‫ينص‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الشرط‬ . • ‫برنامج‬ ‫لتوسيع‬ ‫أحكام‬ Medicaid ( ‫المنخفض‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫ذوي‬ ‫واألفراد‬ ‫للعائالت‬ ‫اجتماعية‬ ‫صحية‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫برنامج‬ ‫هو‬ ‫والموارد‬ .) • ‫األقساط‬ ‫أسعار‬ ‫ومراجعات‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫الخسارة‬ ‫نسبة‬ ‫مخصصات‬ . • ‫و‬ ‫المجمعة‬ ‫المدفوعات‬ VBP . • ‫المسؤولة‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫منظمات‬ .
  • 9.
  • 10. Trends(HealthInsuranceExchanges) • *Rise of uninsured from 36 million to 50million2001-2010 • ACA authorizes competitive insurance marke place • Rise of uncompensatedcare for the uninsured2001-2011 • Accountable Care Organizations*(ACO) • Patient Centered MedicalHome(PCMH) • New technology • value-based purchasingsystem(VBP) at the state leveland providesfortwo types of exchanges,an individualexchange and a small businessexchange The individual exchange provides a mechanism for implementing the individual mandate for those who either do not have access to health insurance through an employer plan or who are uninsured for otherreasons. The small of health insurance for their employees by pooling their buying power and provide business exchange provides access for small businesses, enabling them to improve the quality ding multiplehealth insurance options. ‫الص‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫إمكانية‬ ‫لديهم‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫ألولئك‬ ‫الفردي‬ ‫التفويض‬ ‫لتنفيذ‬ ‫آلية‬ ‫الفردي‬ ‫التبادل‬ ‫يوفر‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫حي‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫ألسباب‬ ‫عليهم‬ ‫المؤمن‬ ‫غير‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫صاحب‬ . ‫التجاري‬ ‫التبادل‬ ‫وتوفير‬ ‫الشرائية‬ ‫قوتهم‬ ‫تجميع‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫لموظفيهم‬ ‫الصغير‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫يوفر‬ ‫للشركات‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫المتعددة‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫خيارات‬ ‫جودة‬ ‫تحسين‬ ‫من‬ ‫يمكنهم‬ ‫مما‬ ، ‫الصغيرة‬ .
  • 11. • This rise (from 36 million to 50 million) is dueto several factors, including: (1)health insurance and out-of-pocketcostsbecoming too costlyfor many individuals, even when theyareworking; (2)individuals being screened out by insuranceunderwritersbecause of preexistingconditions; (3)employerseitherscalingback employees'benefitsoreliminating them altogether by hiring part-timeworkers; (4) stategovernmentstighteningMedicaideligibilitycriteria; (5)individuals voluntarily deciding not to purchase insurance for a variety of financial and nonfinancial reasons, including the assumption that they will not need care or that they will be taken care of by the "system"anyway. The ACA provides for a minimum benefits package; however,participants will be able to shop for health insurance from among an array of commercialhealth insurance products with varying levels of deductibles, coinsurance, and additional benefits over and above the minimum. The benefit packages are referred to as bronze, silver,gold, and platinum, depending on how much participants choose to pay. ‫االرتفاع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫ويرجع‬ ( ‫من‬ 36 ‫إلى‬ ‫مليون‬ 50 ‫مليون‬ ) ‫منها‬ ‫عوامل‬ ‫عدة‬ ‫إلى‬ : .1 ‫؛‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫عند‬ ‫حتى‬ ، ‫األفراد‬ ‫من‬ ‫للعديد‬ ‫بالنسبة‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫باهظة‬ ‫الشخصية‬ ‫والتكاليف‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫أصبح‬ .2 ‫؛‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫الموجودة‬ ‫الظروف‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫وكالء‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫فحصهم‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األفراد‬ .3 ‫؛‬ ‫جزئي‬ ‫بدوام‬ ‫عمال‬ ‫تعيين‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫تما‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫القضاء‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الموظفين‬ ‫مزايا‬ ‫تقليص‬ ‫إما‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫أرباب‬ .4 ‫؛‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫األهلية‬ ‫لمعايير‬ ‫الحكومات‬ ‫تشديد‬ .5 ‫افترا‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫بما‬ ، ‫المالية‬ ‫وغير‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫األسباب‬ ‫من‬ ‫متنوعة‬ ‫لمجموعة‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫شراء‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ع‬‫طو‬ ‫قرروا‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األفراد‬ ‫لن‬ ‫أنهم‬ ‫ض‬ ‫أن‬ ‫أو‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫يحتاجوا‬ " ‫النظام‬ " ‫حال‬ ‫أي‬ ‫على‬ ‫بهم‬ ‫سيهتم‬ .
  • 12. • *Accountable CareOrganizations An ACO is a voluntary group of health care providers who come together to provide coordinated care to a patient population in order to improve quality andreduce costs by keeping patients healthy and by reducing unnecessary service duplication • *Patient-Centered MedicalHome The patient-centered medical home (PCMH) is a partnership between primary care providers (PCPs), patients, and their families to deliver a coordinated and comprehensive rangeof services inthe mostappropriate settings. * ‫المسؤولة‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫منظمات‬ ACO ‫لمجمو‬ ‫منسقة‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫لتقديم‬ ‫يجتمعون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مقدمي‬ ‫من‬ ‫تطوعية‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫من‬ ‫عة‬ ‫وتقل‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫صحة‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحفاظ‬ ‫طريق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫التكاليف‬ ‫وخفض‬ ‫الجودة‬ ‫تحسين‬ ‫أجل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫يل‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الضرورية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫االزدواجية‬ * ‫المريض‬ ‫على‬ ‫يركز‬ ‫طبي‬ ‫منزل‬ ‫المريض‬ ‫على‬ ‫يركز‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫المنزل‬ ( PCMH ) ‫األولية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مقدمي‬ ‫بين‬ ‫شراكة‬ ‫هو‬ ( PCPs ) ‫اإلعدادات‬ ‫أنسب‬ ‫في‬ ‫الخدمات‬ ‫من‬ ‫وشاملة‬ ‫منسقة‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫لتقديم‬ ‫وعائالتهم‬ ‫والمرضى‬ .
  • 14. AnotherFactorsThatCouldContributetoanDecreasein Costs • Pharmaceuticals are going off patent, creating opportunities forcost savings with genericdrugs. • Certain behaviors have begun to change, spurred in large part by employerswho can no longer affordto pay for employeehealth care the way they have in thepast. Lean thinking breaks processes down into identifiable steps to ensure that each componentis a value-added activity.Amain tenetof lean thinking and Six Sigma is to reduce the variationinhow activitiesare conducted, an importantstep towardquality improvement. Six Sigma, including the related concept of lean thinking, which offersasystematic approachto analysisand performance improvement.The five major componentsof the Six Sigma approach are defined, measure, analyze, improve, and control (nicknamed DMAIC) • ‫باستخد‬ ‫التكاليف‬ ‫في‬ ‫وفورات‬ ‫لتحقيق‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ص‬‫فر‬ ‫يخلق‬ ‫مما‬ ، ‫االختراع‬ ‫براءات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫تخرج‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫ام‬ ‫العامة‬ . • ‫ب‬ ‫يعد‬ ‫لم‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫أرباب‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫حد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫مدفوعة‬ ، ‫التغير‬ ‫في‬ ‫السلوكيات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫بدأت‬ ‫تحمل‬ ‫إمكانهم‬ ‫الماضي‬ ‫في‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫كانوا‬ ‫التي‬ ‫بالطريقة‬ ‫للموظفين‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫تكاليف‬ .
  • 15. ImpactstoReimbursement • Cost Accounting Systems • Group Purchasing Organizations • Reengineering/Redesigning • Mergers andAcquisitions • Retail HealthCare • Medical Tourism • Compliance • Recovery AuditContractors(RACs) • VBP • New DRG System • ICD 10 • ‫التكاليف‬ ‫محاسبة‬ ‫أنظمة‬ • ‫الجماعي‬ ‫الشراء‬ ‫منظمات‬ • ‫الهندسة‬ ‫إعادة‬ / ‫التصميم‬ ‫إعادة‬ • ‫واالستحواذ‬ ‫الدمج‬ ‫عمليات‬ • ‫بالتجزئة‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ • ‫طبية‬ ‫سياحة‬ • ‫االمتثال‬ • ‫االسترداد‬ ‫تدقيق‬ ‫مقاولو‬ ( RACs ) • VBP • ‫نظام‬ DRG ‫الجديد‬ • ‫لألمراض‬ ‫الدولي‬ ‫التصنيف‬ 10
  • 16. ImpactstoReimbursement Cost AccountingSystems The process of estimating and classifying costs incurred by an organization.These costs can be analyzed at the organizational and departmental levels. separating cost accounting systems from financial accounting systems and moving away from traditionalcost-accountingsystemsbased on assignment to activity-basedcostsystems. This is an expensive endeavor, but lower reimbursements force hospitals to invest in more sophisticatedcostaccountingsystems. MergersandAcquisitions a mergerrequiresthat neither of the parties coming togetherhas control.The two (or more) entitiesmerge to startan entirely new entity with no step-upin basis of the assets. the new entity comesinto being on the dateof the merger. an acquisition,there is a controllingparty,and the assets and liabilitiesare markedto fairvalue.Acquisitionsare more common than mergersin the health care industry. New DRGSystem The new system, based on Medicareseverity-adjusted diagnosis-related groups (MS- DRGs), has 25 major disease categories, 745 diagnosis-related groups, and 3 subclasses of complications and comorbidities. It is intended to more closely align reimbursement to patientseverity of illness, It is intendedto reduce overallcoststhrough improvedcare, thus combining quality with costcontrol and improved equity.(pay for peiformance,or P4P)
  • 17. ImpactstoReimbursement GROUP PURCHASINGORGANIZATION(GPO)A networkof health careorganizationsand a third-party vendor who are able to acquire large volumes of supplies from manufacturersat negotiateddiscountedratesowing toeconomies of scale. RetailHealth CareWalk-inmedical services for basic preventivehealth care provided in a retailoutlet, such as a pharmacy,bya licensed care provider. Compliance The process of abiding by governmental regulations, whether in the provisionof care, billing,privacy,accountingstandards,security,or anyother regulated area. RecoveryAuditContractor(RAC) A programcreated under the MedicareModernization Act of 2003 to identify and recover improper Medicare payments to health care providers. Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) A payment methodology designed to provide incentives to providersfor delivering qualityhealth careat a lower cost. The financial rewardscome from funds being withheldby the payor;these funds are then redistributedon providers' achievement of an improvement on specific performance measures, including patient satisfaction. ICD-1 0 The WorldHealth Organization'sInternational StatisticalClassificationofDiseases and Related Health Problems (lCD) is a coding system for diseases that is used in the United Statesfor health insurance claim reimbursement.
  • 18. • Recovery Audit Contractors(RAC) -There are two types of reviews:automated and complex. The automated review requires nomedical records. The complexreviewensues when the automated reviewprovidesevidence of a high likelihood that the service received improper payment or that there is no Medicare policy, Medicare article, or Medicare-sanctioned coding guideline for the service provided. - The Medicare Audit Improvement Act of2012 was designed to promote transparency and fairness in RAC reviews, and if passed, itwould establish a penalty for a RAC's failure to follow the program requirements. It would also, among other things: 1) Establish a consolidatedlimit formedical record requests. 2)Requiremedical necessity audits to focus on widespread payment errors. 3)Allow denied inpatient claims to be billed as outpatient claimswhen appropriate. 4) Requirephysician reviewforMedicare denials. • ‫المراجعات‬ ‫من‬ ‫نوعان‬ ‫هناك‬ : ‫ومعقد‬ ‫آلي‬ . ‫طبية‬ ‫سجالت‬ ‫أي‬ ‫تتطلب‬ ‫ال‬ ‫اآللية‬ ‫المراجعة‬ . • ‫ال‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫أو‬ ‫صحيحة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫مدفوعات‬ ‫تلقت‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫بأن‬ ‫كبير‬ ‫احتمال‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫على‬ ً ‫دليال‬ ‫اآللية‬ ‫المراجعة‬ ‫تقدم‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫المعقدة‬ ‫المراجعة‬ ‫تتم‬ ‫سيا‬ ‫توجد‬ ‫سة‬ Medicare ‫مقالة‬ ‫أو‬ Medicare ‫ترميز‬ ‫إرشادات‬ ‫أو‬ Medicare ‫المقدمة‬ ‫للخدمة‬ . - ‫لعام‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫تدقيق‬ ‫تحسين‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫تصميم‬ ‫تم‬ 2012 ‫مراجعات‬ ‫في‬ ‫واإلنصاف‬ ‫الشفافية‬ ‫لتعزيز‬ RAC ، ‫إقراره‬ ‫تم‬ ‫وإذا‬ ، ‫فشل‬ ‫على‬ ‫عقوبة‬ ‫فرض‬ ‫فسيتم‬ RAC ‫البرنامج‬ ‫متطلبات‬ ‫اتباع‬ ‫في‬ . ‫أخرى‬ ‫أمور‬ ‫بين‬ ‫من‬ ، ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫سيكون‬ : .1 ‫الطبية‬ ‫السجالت‬ ‫لطلبات‬ ‫موحد‬ ‫حد‬ ‫وضع‬ . .2 ‫طلب‬ ‫تدقيقات‬ ‫المنتشرة‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫أخطاء‬ ‫على‬ ‫للتركيز‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫الضرورة‬ . .3 ‫االقتضاء‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الخارجيين‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫مطالبات‬ ‫أنها‬ ‫على‬ ‫المرفوضة‬ ‫الداخليين‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫مطالبات‬ ‫بدفع‬ ‫السماح‬ . .4 ‫برنامج‬ ‫رفض‬ ‫لحاالت‬ ‫الطبيب‬ ‫مراجعة‬ ‫طلب‬ Medicare .
  • 19. • MedicalTourism Travelto a foreign country to obtain normally expensive medical services at a steep discount. Even with a family member escorting the patient (and getting the added benefitof foreigntravel),the total cost is typicallylessthan it would be athome. • Electronic Health Record(EHR) Also called an electronic medical record (EMR), this online version of patients' medical records can include patient demographics, insurance information, dictations and notes, medication and immunization histories, ancillary testresults,and the like.Under strict security permissions, the information can be accessed either in- house or in private officesettings. ‫طبية‬ ‫سياحة‬ ‫حاد‬ ‫بخصم‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫الثمن‬ ‫باهظة‬ ‫طبية‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫على‬ ‫للحصول‬ ‫أجنبي‬ ‫بلد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫السفر‬ . ‫المريض‬ ‫بمرافقة‬ ‫األسرة‬ ‫أفراد‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫قيام‬ ‫مع‬ ‫حتى‬ ( ‫والحصول‬ ‫الخارج‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫للسفر‬ ‫إضافية‬ ‫ميزة‬ ‫على‬ ) ‫المنزل‬ ‫في‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫ستكون‬ ‫مما‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ما‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫اإلجمالية‬ ‫التكلفة‬ ‫فإن‬ ، . ‫اإللكتروني‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫السجل‬ ( EHR ) ‫اإللكتروني‬ ‫الطبي‬ ‫السجل‬ ‫باسم‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫ُعرف‬‫ي‬ ( EMR ) ‫التركي‬ ‫للمرضى‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫السجالت‬ ‫من‬ ‫اإلنترنت‬ ‫عبر‬ ‫النسخة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تتضمن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ، ‫بة‬ ‫و‬ ، ‫اإلضافية‬ ‫االختبارات‬ ‫ونتائج‬ ، ‫والتحصين‬ ‫األدوية‬ ‫وتاريخ‬ ، ‫والمالحظات‬ ‫واإلمالءات‬ ، ‫التأمين‬ ‫ومعلومات‬ ، ‫للمرضى‬ ‫السكانية‬ ‫شابه‬ ‫ما‬ . ‫الخاصة‬ ‫المكتب‬ ‫إعدادات‬ ‫في‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المنزل‬ ‫في‬ ‫إما‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫يمكن‬ ، ‫صارمة‬ ‫أمنية‬ ‫تصاريح‬ ‫بموجب‬ .
  • 20. • Prospective PaymentSystem(PPS) The payment system used by Medicare to reimburse providers a predetermined amount. Several payment methods fall under the PPS umbrella, including methods based on DRGs (for inpatient admissions), APCs (for outpatient visits), a resource-based relative value scale (RBRVS) (for professional services), and resource utilizationgroups (RUGs) (forskilled nursing home care). Use of DRGs was the first method that fell under this type of predetermined payment arrangement. Health care systemsareconsolidatingto be largerplayersin the market in order to: 1)Spread fixed technologyand administrative costs over a largerrevenue base. 2) Strengthen marketpenetration. 3) Gain better accesstocapital. 4) Add new servicelines. 5) Obtain bettercontractsfromcommercialpayors. ‫المحتمل‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫نظام‬ ( PPS ) ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫نظام‬ Medicare ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫محد‬ ‫ا‬ً‫غ‬‫مبل‬ ‫الخدمة‬ ‫مقدمي‬ ‫لتعويض‬ . ‫الدف‬ ‫طرق‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫تندرج‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫ع‬ ‫مظلة‬ PPS ‫إلى‬ ‫المستندة‬ ‫الطرق‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫بما‬ ، DRGs ( ‫الداخليين‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫لدخول‬ ) ‫و‬ ، APCs ( ‫المرضى‬ ‫لزيارات‬ ‫الخارجيين‬ ) ‫الموارد‬ ‫على‬ ‫القائم‬ ‫النسبية‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫ومقياس‬ ، ( RBRVS ( ) ‫المهنية‬ ‫للخدمات‬ ) ‫الموارد‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫ومجموعات‬ ، ( RUGs ( ) ‫المهرة‬ ‫المنزلية‬ ‫للرعاية‬ .) ‫استخدام‬ ‫كان‬ DRGs ‫ترتيبات‬ ‫من‬ ‫النوع‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫تحت‬ ‫تندرج‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األولى‬ ‫الطريقة‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫المحددة‬ ‫الدفع‬ . ‫السوق‬ ‫في‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫الع‬ ‫لتكون‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫أنظمة‬ ‫توحيد‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫أجل‬ ‫من‬ : .1 ‫إي‬ ‫قاعدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإلدارية‬ ‫والتكاليف‬ ‫الثابتة‬ ‫التكنولوجيا‬ ‫نشر‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫رادات‬ . .2 ‫السوق‬ ‫اختراق‬ ‫تعزيز‬ . .3 ‫المال‬ ‫رأس‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫الوصول‬ . .4 ‫جديدة‬ ‫خدمة‬ ‫خطوط‬ ‫إضافة‬ . .5 ‫التجاريين‬ ‫الممولين‬ ‫من‬ ‫أفضل‬ ‫عقود‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحصول‬ .
  • 21. Summary • Health care administratorfacesnumerous complexissues when making strategic and financialdecisions. • High ethical standardsmust be demonstrated Health InsurancePortabilityand AccountabilityAct (HIPAA) A set of federal compliance regulations enacted in 1996 to ensure standardization of billing, privacy, and reporting practices as institutionsconvert toelectronicsystems The HITECHAct (2009) was enacted with thegoalof: a. Creating and expanding the currenthealth care IT infrastructure b. Promoting electronic dataexchange c. SubstantiallyandrapidlyincreasingEHR adoption Hospitals can keep funds longer and reduce inventory costs by incorporating just-in-time ordering techniques, and opportunity exists for cost savings by joining group purchasing organizations (GPOs) that cannegotiatecost discountsthrough largevolumes ‫المعق‬ ‫القضايا‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مسؤول‬ ‫يواجه‬ ‫دة‬ ‫والمالية‬ ‫االستراتيجية‬ ‫القرارات‬ ‫اتخاذ‬ ‫عند‬ . ‫العالية‬ ‫األخالقية‬ ‫المعايير‬ ‫إثبات‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫النق‬ ‫وقابلية‬ ‫الصحي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫ل‬ ‫والمساءلة‬ ( HIPAA ) ‫من‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الفيدرالية‬ ‫االمتثال‬ ‫لوائح‬ ‫في‬ ‫سنها‬ ‫م‬ ‫عام‬ 1996 ‫ممارسات‬ ‫توحيد‬ ‫لضمان‬ ‫التقار‬ ‫وإعداد‬ ‫والخصوصية‬ ‫الفوترة‬ ‫ير‬ ‫األنظمة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تحول‬ ‫كمؤسسات‬ ‫اإللكترونية‬ ‫هايتك‬ ‫قانون‬ ‫سن‬ ‫تم‬ ( 2009 ) ‫بهدف‬ : ‫الح‬ ‫التحتية‬ ‫البنية‬ ‫وتوسيع‬ ‫إنشاء‬ ‫الية‬ ‫الص‬ ‫للرعاية‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫لتكنولوجيا‬ ‫حية‬ . ‫للبيا‬ ‫اإللكتروني‬ ‫التبادل‬ ‫تعزيز‬ ‫نات‬ . ‫اعتماد‬ ‫في‬ ‫وسريعة‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫زيادة‬ EHR .
  • 23. LearningObjectives • Identify basic financial statementsfor health care entities • Read basic financialstatements
  • 24. TermstoKnow • Generally Accepted AccountingPrinciples(GAAP) • Financial Accounting StandardsBoard (FASB)used on both commercial and not forprofit • GovernmentalAccounting StandardsBoard (GASB) government- standard set offinancial statements • ‫ا‬ ً‫عموم‬ ‫المقبولة‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫مبادئ‬ • ‫ال‬ ‫ر‬ ‫وغي‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫اض‬‫ر‬‫األغ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫معايي‬ ‫مجلس‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫ربحية‬ • ‫الحكومة‬ ‫الحكومية‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫معايي‬ ‫مجلس‬ - ‫البيانا‬ ‫من‬ ‫قياسية‬ ‫مجموعة‬ ‫ت‬ ‫المالية‬ Financial accounting practice is governedbyconcepts and rules known as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). ‫المح‬ ‫بمبادئ‬ ‫تعرف‬ ‫وقواعد‬ ‫لمفاهيم‬ ‫المحاسبية‬ ‫الممارسة‬ ‫تخضع‬ ‫اسبة‬ ‫عموما‬ ‫المقبولة‬ .
  • 25. StatementsusedinNotforProfit HealthCare Entities 1) Balance sheet 2) Statement of Operations 3) Statement of Changes in Net Assets 4) Statement of Cash Flows .1 ‫العمومية‬ ‫الميزانية‬ .2 ‫العمليات‬ ‫قائمة‬ .3 ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغيرات‬ ‫قائمة‬ .4 ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫قائمة‬
  • 26. BalanceSheet • Snapshot of anorganization • Investor-owned entity: Summary of the entity's assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity (shareholders' equity) • Not-for-profit health care entity: Summary of the entity’s assets, liabilities,and netassets • Captures what the entity looks like at a particular point intime • Created usually the last day of the accountingperiod(e.g., quarter or fiscal year). • ‫مؤسسة‬ ‫من‬ ‫لقطة‬ • ‫المستثمر‬ ‫يملكها‬ : ‫المساهمين‬ ‫وحقوق‬ ،‫وخصومه‬ ،‫الكيان‬ ‫ألصول‬ ‫ملخص‬ ( ‫ح‬ ‫قوق‬ ‫المساهمين‬ ) • ‫الربحية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫كيان‬ : ،‫وخصومه‬ ،‫الكيان‬ ‫ألصول‬ ‫ملخص‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫وصافي‬ • ‫معينة‬ ‫نقطة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫يبدو‬ ‫ما‬ ‫يلتقط‬ • ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫من‬ ‫األخير‬ ‫اليوم‬ ‫في‬ ً‫ة‬‫عاد‬ ‫إنشاؤه‬ ‫تم‬ ( ‫المث‬ ‫سبيل‬ ‫على‬ ‫ربع‬ ،‫ال‬ ‫مالية‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫سنوي‬ .)
  • 28. Balance SheetComponents • Heading-Name of the organizationanddate • Body includes: • Assets= Liabilities+ NetAssets • Liabilitieshave 2 categories-current andnoncurrent • Net Assets=Communities interest in the assets of the notfor profit • Footnotes=additional key information In investor-ownedentities, the equationbecomes Assets= Liabilities+ Stockholders'Equity In not-for-profithealth care entity,theequation Basic AccountingEquation: Assets = Liabilities+ Net Assets (or stockholders'equity). ‫فئتان‬ ‫لها‬ ‫الخصوم‬ - ‫المتداولة‬ ‫المتداولة‬ ‫وغير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ = ‫مصلحة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫في‬ ‫المجتمعات‬ ‫للربح‬ ‫الهادفة‬ ‫الهوامش‬ = ‫أساسية‬ ‫معلومات‬ ‫إضافية‬ ‫العنوان‬ - ‫والتاريخ‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫اسم‬ ‫يشمل‬ ‫الجسم‬ :
  • 29. Assets • Probable future economic benefits obtained or controlledby a particularentity as a resultof past transactionsor events. • Represent resourcesowned • Are recorded at their cost unless donated • If donated recordedat fair value at date of donation Liquidity refers to how quickly an asset can be turned into cash,and current assetsare generallylisted in liquidityorder. ‫المتداولة‬ ‫الأصول‬ ‫إدراج‬ ‫ويتم‬ ، ‫نقد‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الأصل‬ ‫تحويل‬ ‫سرعة‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫السيولة‬ ‫تشير‬ ‫ا‬ً‫عموم‬ ‫السيولة‬ ‫ترتيب‬ ‫في‬ . • ‫عل‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المحتملة‬ ‫المستقبلية‬ ‫الاقتصادية‬ ‫المنافع‬ ‫أو‬ ‫يها‬ ‫سابقة‬ ‫أحداث‬ ‫أو‬ ‫لمعاملات‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫معين‬ ‫كيان‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫السيطرة‬ . • ‫المملوكة‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫تمثيل‬ • ‫بها‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫لم‬ ‫ما‬ ‫نفقتها‬ ‫على‬ ‫مسجلة‬ • ‫التبرع‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫في‬ ‫العادلة‬ ‫بالقيمة‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫تم‬ ‫إذا‬
  • 30. More onAssets • Current assets are those used or consumed within a year • Limited or restricted to use in noncurrentportion identified for how they can be used • Noncurrent assets are resources to be used or consumedover a period of time > one year (or veryold) • Cash and cash equivalents are the most liquid asseton the balance sheet • Noncurrent and long term are used interchangeably • ‫عام‬ ‫غضون‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستهلكة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المتداولة‬ ‫األصول‬ • ‫استخدامها‬ ‫لكيفية‬ ‫المحدد‬ ‫الحالي‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الجزء‬ ‫في‬ ‫لالستخدام‬ ‫مقيد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫محدود‬ • ‫زمني‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫على‬ ‫استهالكها‬ ‫أو‬ ‫استخدامها‬ ‫سيتم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المتداولة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫ة‬ > ‫سنة‬ ‫واحدة‬ ( ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ج‬ ‫قديمة‬ ‫أو‬ ) • ‫العمومية‬ ‫الميزانية‬ ‫في‬ ‫سيولة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫المعادل‬ ‫والنقد‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫يعتبر‬ • ‫بالتبادل‬ ‫الحالي‬ ‫وغير‬ ‫الطويل‬ ‫المدى‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يتم‬
  • 31. Current & NoncurrentAssets • Current may include : cash, investments, limitedor restricted as to use current position, patient accounts receivable, estimated receivables from 3rd party payers, inventories, assets held for sale, prepaidexpenses • Noncurrentmay include: self insurance, benefitplans, capital equipment, held by the board under bond indenture agreements, property and equipment, goodwill, net of accumulatedamortization Suppliesare sometimes called inventory. ‫المخزون‬ ‫ا‬ ً ‫أحيان‬ ‫المستلزمات‬ ‫تسىم‬ . ‫تشمل‬ ‫قد‬ ‫الحالية‬ : ‫و‬ ، ‫الحالي‬ ‫الوضع‬ ‫الستخدام‬ ‫مقيدة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫محدودة‬ ، ‫واالستثمارات‬ ، ‫النقدية‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫واألص‬ ، ‫والمخزونات‬ ، ‫الثالث‬ ‫الطرف‬ ‫دافعي‬ ‫من‬ ‫المقدرة‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫والذمم‬ ، ‫المدينة‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫ول‬ ‫مسبقا‬ ‫المدفوعة‬ ‫والمصروفات‬ ، ‫للبيع‬ ‫بها‬ ‫المحتفظ‬ ‫المتداول‬ ‫غير‬ ‫يشمل‬ ‫قد‬ : ‫يحت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الرأسمالية‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ، ‫المزايا‬ ‫وخطط‬ ، ‫الذاتي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫بها‬ ‫فظ‬ ‫وصافي‬ ، ‫والشهرة‬ ، ‫والمعدات‬ ‫والممتلكات‬ ، ‫السندات‬ ‫عقد‬ ‫اتفاقيات‬ ‫بموجب‬ ‫اإلدارة‬ ‫مجلس‬ ‫المتراكم‬ ‫االستهالك‬
  • 32. Cash and Cash Equivalents: are the most liquid current assets. This account is composed of actual money on hand as well as savings and checking accounts. Cash equivalents are short-term investmentswith an original maturityof three months or less. PatientAccountsReceivable,Netof Allowancefor Doubtful Accounts Gross patient accounts receivable is the amount owed the health care entity at full charges. However, many payors , such as Medicaid, insurance companies, large employers, and managed care entities, are given discounts, are givendiscounts,called contractual allowances. After subtracting contractual allowances and charity care discountsfrom gross patient accounts receivable,whatremains is the patient accounts receivablethatthe providerhas a legalright tocollect. A reserve or allowance is deducted from patient accounts receivable on thebalance sheet. It representsan estimateof how much of the entity's patientaccountsreceivable are not likely to be collectable. This estimateis called the allowancefor doubtful accounts. Examples of current assets ‫سيولة‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫المتداولة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫من‬ ‫يعادله‬ ‫وما‬ ‫النقد‬ . ‫المتوفرة‬ ‫الفعلية‬ ‫األموال‬ ‫من‬ ‫الحساب‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يتكون‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ ‫الجارية‬ ‫والحسابات‬ ‫التوفير‬ ‫حسابات‬ . ‫است‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫قصيرة‬ ‫استثمارات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المعادلة‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫يبلغ‬ ‫أصلي‬ ‫حقاق‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أشهر‬ ‫ثالثة‬ . ‫تحصيلها‬ ‫في‬ ‫المشكوك‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫مخصصات‬ ‫صافي‬ ، ‫المدينة‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫الكاملة‬ ‫بالرسوم‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫لكيان‬ ‫المستحق‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ‫هو‬ ‫القبض‬ ‫المستحقة‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫إجمالي‬ . ‫ف‬ ، ‫ذلك‬ ‫ومع‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫إن‬ ‫مثل‬ ، ‫الدائنين‬ Medicaid ‫م‬ ‫ويتم‬ ، ‫خصومات‬ ‫منحهم‬ ‫يتم‬ ، ‫دارة‬ُ‫م‬‫ال‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫وكيانات‬ ‫الكبار‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫وأصحاب‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫وشركات‬ ‫نحهم‬ ‫التعاقدية‬ ‫العالوات‬ ‫تسمى‬ ، ‫خصومات‬ . ‫ال‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫إجمالي‬ ‫من‬ ‫الخيرية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫وخصومات‬ ‫التعاقدية‬ ‫المخصصات‬ ‫طرح‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫مريض‬ ‫ًا‬‫ي‬‫قانون‬ ‫تحصيلها‬ ‫للمزود‬ ‫يحق‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫هو‬ ‫تبقى‬ ‫ما‬ ‫يبقى‬ ، ‫لالستالم‬ ‫القابل‬ . ‫العمومية‬ ‫الميزانية‬ ‫في‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫المخصص‬ ‫أو‬ ‫االحتياطي‬ ‫خصم‬ ‫يتم‬ . ‫الذ‬ ‫لمقدار‬ ‫ا‬ً‫تقدير‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫إنه‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫مم‬ ‫تحصيلها‬ ‫المحتمل‬ ‫غير‬ ‫من‬ ‫التي‬ ‫للمرضى‬ . ‫تحصيلها‬ ‫في‬ ‫المشكوك‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫مخصص‬ ‫التقدير‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يسمى‬ .
  • 33. Suppliesrefersto small-dollaritemsthat will be used up or fully consumedwithin one year or less, such as pharmaceuticalsand officesupplies. Equipmentrefersto moreexpensiveitems thatwill be used over a longerperiod, such as buildings andradiologyequipment. Prepaidexpensesinclude items the health care entityhas paid forin advance, such as rent andinsurance. Investments: The classification of investments depends on how long management intends to hold them and whether or not restrictions or other requirements are absent. Short-term investments often include certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and treasury bills (those with an original maturity of three months or less are included in cash and cash equivalents)andalso marketablesecurities designated as tradingsecurities. Short-term investments allow a health care facility to earn interest on idle cash and, at the same time, providealmostimmediateaccess to cash for unexpectedsituations. Examples of currentassets ‫غضو‬ ‫في‬ ‫بالكامل‬ ‫استهالكها‬ ‫أو‬ ‫استخدامها‬ ‫سيتم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫بالدوالر‬ ‫الصغيرة‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫اإلمدادات‬ ‫تشير‬ ‫أو‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫عام‬ ‫ن‬ ‫المكتبية‬ ‫واللوازم‬ ‫الصيدالنية‬ ‫المستحضرات‬ ‫مثل‬ ، ‫أقل‬ . ‫ومعدات‬ ‫المباني‬ ‫مثل‬ ، ‫أطول‬ ‫لفترة‬ ‫استخدامها‬ ‫سيتم‬ ‫والتي‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫األكثر‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المعدات‬ ‫تشير‬ ‫األشعة‬ . ‫و‬ ‫اإليجار‬ ‫مثل‬ ، ‫ا‬ً‫ق‬‫مسب‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫هيئة‬ ‫دفعتها‬ ‫التي‬ ‫البنود‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مقد‬ ‫المدفوعة‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫التأمين‬ . ‫األخر‬ ‫المتطلبات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫القيود‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫وما‬ ‫بها‬ ‫االحتفاظ‬ ‫اإلدارة‬ ‫تنوي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المدة‬ ‫على‬ ‫االستثمارات‬ ‫تصنيف‬ ‫يعتمد‬ ‫موجودة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫ى‬ ‫ال‬ ‫أم‬ . ‫الخزانة‬ ‫وأذون‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫واألوراق‬ ‫اإليداع‬ ‫شهادات‬ ‫على‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫قصيرة‬ ‫االستثمارات‬ ‫تشتمل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ًا‬‫ب‬‫غال‬ ( ‫الت‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫تاريخ‬ ‫لها‬ ‫ي‬ ‫المعادل‬ ‫والنقد‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫في‬ ‫مدرجة‬ ‫أقل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أشهر‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫لمدة‬ ‫أصلي‬ ‫استحقاق‬ ) ‫للتسوي‬ ‫القابلة‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫األوراق‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫وأي‬ ‫كأوراق‬ ‫المصنفة‬ ‫ق‬ ‫للتداول‬ ‫مالية‬ . ‫وفي‬ ، ‫الخامل‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫على‬ ‫فائدة‬ ‫بكسب‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫لمنشأة‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫قصيرة‬ ‫االستثمارات‬ ‫تسمح‬ ، ‫الوقت‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫المتوقعة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫المواقف‬ ‫في‬ ‫النقود‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الفوري‬ ‫الوصول‬ ‫من‬ ‫قدر‬ ‫أقصى‬ ‫توفير‬ .
  • 34. Examples of noncurrent assets capital equipment: (includes long-lasting goods acquired and owned by a company or organization that are not consumed in the normal course of business—goods such as machinery,trucks,largecomputers,and officefurniture), Properties and Equipment,Net This categoryof assets represents the major capital investments in the facility. Three types of assets are included in this category: land, plant,and equipment. Plant refers to buildings (fixed, immovable objects), land refers to property, and equipment includes a wide varietyof durableitems from beds to CATscanners Goodwill: Goodwillis the term used forwhat an entity is buying in an acquisition when it payscash and assumes liabilitiesin excess of the fair valueof the assets acquired. Goodwillrepresentsthe future earningspower of the acquiredentity. ‫الرأسمالية‬ ‫المعدات‬ ( : ‫ي‬ ‫وال‬ ‫مؤسسة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫شركة‬ ‫وتملكها‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫الحصول‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األمد‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫السلع‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫استهالكها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫العادية‬ ‫األعمال‬ ‫سياق‬ ‫في‬ - ‫المكاتب‬ ‫وأثاث‬ ‫الكبيرة‬ ‫الكمبيوتر‬ ‫وأجهزة‬ ‫والشاحنات‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫سلع‬ ) ، ‫صافي‬ ، ‫ومعدات‬ ‫خصائص‬ ‫المنشأة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫الرأسمالية‬ ‫االستثمارات‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫من‬ ‫الفئة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تمثل‬ . ‫ف‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫من‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫ثالثة‬ ‫تضمين‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫الفئة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ي‬ : ‫األرض‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ‫واآلالت‬ . ‫المباني‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫النبات‬ ‫يشير‬ ( ‫المنقولة‬ ‫وغير‬ ‫الثابتة‬ ‫األشياء‬ ) ‫وت‬ ، ‫الممتلكات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫األرض‬ ‫وتشير‬ ، ‫المعدات‬ ‫شمل‬ ‫الضوئية‬ ‫الماسحات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫األسرة‬ ‫من‬ ‫المعمرة‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫من‬ ‫متنوعة‬ ‫مجموعة‬ CAT ‫حسنة‬ ‫نية‬ : ‫تز‬ ‫التزامات‬ ‫وتفترض‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫نق‬ ‫تدفع‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫استحواذ‬ ‫عملية‬ ‫في‬ ‫المنشأة‬ ‫تشتريه‬ ‫لما‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫المصطلح‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الشهرة‬ ‫العادلة‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يد‬ ‫المكتسبة‬ ‫لألصول‬ . ‫عليه‬ ‫المستحوذ‬ ‫للكيان‬ ‫المستقبلية‬ ‫األرباح‬ ‫قوة‬ ‫الشهرة‬ ‫تمثل‬ .
  • 35. Liabilities • Obligations of the entity to pay itscreditors • Can be debts or otherobligations • 2 types 1) Current Liabilities- Financial obligations due within one year 2)Noncurrent liabilities- Resources used or consumed over periods longer than oneyear Liabilities: The probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of a particularentity to transferassets or provideservices to other entities in the future as a result of past transactionsor events. Liabilities can be debts or other obligations: for example, deferred revenue, which is an obligation to provide or deliver goodsor services when paymenthas been receivedin advance. ‫لدائنيها‬ ‫بالدفع‬ ‫المنشأة‬ ‫التزامات‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫التزامات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ن‬‫ديو‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ 2 ‫أنواع‬ (1 ‫المتداولة‬ ‫المطلوبات‬ - ‫واحدة‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫المستحقة‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫االلتزامات‬ 2 ) ‫المتداولة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الخصوم‬ - ‫وا‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أطول‬ ‫فترات‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫على‬ ‫المستهلكة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫حدة‬ ‫المطلوبات‬ : ‫ل‬ ‫الحالية‬ ‫االلتزامات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناشئة‬ ‫االقتصادية‬ ‫للمنافع‬ ‫المحتملة‬ ‫المستقبلية‬ ‫التضحيات‬ ‫لتحويل‬ ‫معين‬ ‫كيان‬ ‫سابقة‬ ‫أحداث‬ ‫أو‬ ‫لمعامالت‬ ‫نتيجة‬ ‫المستقبل‬ ‫في‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫لمنشآت‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫تقديم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫األصول‬ . ‫ا‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫لخصوم‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫التزامات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ن‬‫ديو‬ : ‫البض‬ ‫تسليم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫بتوفير‬ ‫التزام‬ ‫وهي‬ ، ‫المؤجلة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ، ‫المثال‬ ‫سبيل‬ ‫على‬ ‫الخدمات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ائع‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مقد‬ ‫الدفعة‬ ‫استالم‬ ‫عند‬ .
  • 36. Current& NoncurrentLiabilities • Current could include: accounts payable, accrued expenses, salaries & wages, estimated payables to third parties, short term borrowings, commercial paper and current portion of long-term debt. • Noncurrent could include: long term debt (mortgages and bonds payable, and estimates for malpractice or self-insured risks such as a self-funded health benefit or worker's compensation arrangement),self-insurance reserves,accrued pension and retireehealthcosts ‫الجاري‬ ‫التداول‬ ‫يشمل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ : ‫واألجور‬ ‫والرواتب‬ ، ‫المستحقة‬ ‫والمصروفات‬ ، ‫الدائنة‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ، ‫الحالي‬ ‫والجزء‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫واألوراق‬ ، ‫األجل‬ ‫قصيرة‬ ‫والقروض‬ ، ‫أخرى‬ ‫ألطراف‬ ‫المقدرة‬ ‫الدائنة‬ ‫والذمم‬ ‫من‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫الديون‬ . ‫المتداول‬ ‫غير‬ ‫يشمل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ : ‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫الديون‬ ( ‫الدفع‬ ‫المستحقة‬ ‫والسندات‬ ‫العقارية‬ ‫الرهون‬ ، ‫ترتي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ي‬‫ذات‬ ‫الممولة‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫المزايا‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الذاتي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫مخاطر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الممارسة‬ ‫سوء‬ ‫وتقديرات‬ ‫تعويض‬ ‫ب‬ ‫العمال‬ ) ‫للمتقاعد‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫والتكاليف‬ ، ‫المستحقة‬ ‫والمعاشات‬ ، ‫الذاتي‬ ‫التأمين‬ ‫واحتياطيات‬ ، ‫ين‬
  • 37. Current Portionof Long-TermDebt This accountcontains the amount of the entity's long-term debt that is expected to be paid off within one year. This information is sometimes reported in the account notes payable, which reports the amount of short-term (less than one year) obligations for which a formal note has beensigned. Deferred revenue: consists of fees that have been collected in advance. It represents cash that is received before the service is rendered by the entity. Accordingly, it is an obligation that will, upon performance, become revenue. “CurrentLiabilities” ‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫من‬ ‫المتداول‬ ‫الجزء‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫عام‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫سداده‬ ‫المتوقع‬ ‫للكيان‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫طويل‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫مبلغ‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحساب‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يحتوي‬ . ‫عن‬ ‫اإلبالغ‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫االلتزام‬ ‫مبلغ‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تشير‬ ‫والتي‬ ، ‫الدفع‬ ‫المستحقة‬ ‫الحساب‬ ‫سندات‬ ‫في‬ ‫األحيان‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫قصيرة‬ ‫ات‬ ( ‫واحدة‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫من‬ ‫أقل‬ ) ‫بشأنها‬ ‫رسمية‬ ‫مذكرة‬ ‫على‬ ‫التوقيع‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ . ‫المؤجلة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ : ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مقد‬ ‫تحصيلها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الرسوم‬ ‫من‬ ‫تتكون‬ . ‫ال‬ ‫تقديم‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫المستلم‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫خدمة‬ . ‫إيرادات‬ ، ‫األداء‬ ‫عند‬ ، ‫سيصبح‬ ‫التزام‬ ‫فهو‬ ، ‫ذلك‬ ‫على‬ ً‫ء‬‫وبنا‬ " . ‫المتداولة‬ ‫المطلوبات‬ "
  • 38. NetAssets • Remaining assets after deducting itsliabilities • 3 classes 1) Permanently restricted (the presence or absence ofdonor- imposed restrictions) 2) Temporarilyrestricted 3) Unrestricted • May also include- non controllingownership interestin subsidiaries Net Assets (or Equity): The assets of an entity that remain after deducting its liabilities(also called residual interest). In a business enterprise, equity is the ownership interest. In a not - for -profit entity,which has noownershipinterest. Net assets= Assets-Liabilities Stockholders'Equity Investor-ownedhealth careentities use a differentformof presentationin the stockholders' equity section of the balancesheet. Stockholders' equity in investor-ownedentitiesconsistsof the stockand retainedearnings. ‫التزاماتها‬ ‫خصم‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫المتبقية‬ ‫األصول‬ 3 ‫فصول‬ 1 ) ‫دائم‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫مقيدة‬ ( ‫المانح‬ ‫يفرضها‬ ‫قيود‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫ون‬ ) 2 ) ‫مؤقتا‬ ‫مقيدة‬ 3 ) ‫مقيد‬ ‫غير‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫تتضمن‬ ‫قد‬ - ‫الشركات‬ ‫في‬ ‫مسيطرة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫ملكية‬ ‫حصة‬ ‫التابعة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ( ‫الملكية‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫أو‬ :) ‫التزاماتها‬ ‫خصم‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫تبقى‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫أصول‬ ( ‫المتبق‬ ‫الفائدة‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫وتسمى‬ ‫ية‬ .) ‫تجارية‬ ‫مؤسسة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الملكية‬ ‫حصة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الملكية‬ ‫حقوق‬ ، . ‫الملكية‬ ‫في‬ ‫مصلحة‬ ‫له‬ ‫وليس‬ ، ‫للربح‬ ‫هادف‬ ‫غير‬ ‫كيان‬ ‫في‬ . ‫المساهمين‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫الميزان‬ ‫في‬ ‫المساهمين‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫في‬ ‫العرض‬ ‫من‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ف‬‫مختل‬ ً‫ال‬‫شك‬ ‫للمستثمرين‬ ‫المملوكة‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫كيانات‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫العمومية‬ ‫ية‬ . ‫المحتجزة‬ ‫واألرباح‬ ‫األسهم‬ ‫من‬ ‫للمستثمرين‬ ‫المملوكة‬ ‫الكيانات‬ ‫في‬ ‫المساهمين‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫تتكون‬ .
  • 39. Statement ofOperations • Summary of the entity’s revenues and expenses over aperiod of time. (As opposed to the balancesheet) • Period is usually the time between statements • Uses the accrual basis foraccounting • It does not use the cash basis foraccounting • Represents how much the entity earned, its gainsand other sources of revenue and the resources used during the accounting period • ‫الكيان‬ ‫إليرادات‬ ‫ملخص‬ ‫زمنية‬ ‫فترة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫ومصاريفه‬ . ( ‫العمومي‬ ‫الميزانية‬ ‫عكس‬ ‫على‬ ‫ة‬ ) • ‫الوقت‬ ‫عادة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الزمنية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫العبارات‬ ‫بين‬ • ‫االستحقاق‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫للمحاسبة‬ • ‫النقدي‬ ‫األساس‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫ال‬ ‫للمحاسبة‬ • ‫المنش‬ ‫كسبته‬ ‫ما‬ ‫مقدار‬ ‫يمثل‬ ‫أة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫ومصادر‬ ‫وأرباحها‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫والموارد‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫المحاسبية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫خالل‬
  • 40. Statement ofOperation Components • Title-name of entity,statement andperiod for information • Unrestricted revenue, gains and other support • Net patient services revenue • Premium revenue • Other revenue • Provision for baddebt • Net assets released from restriction • ‫العنوان‬ - ‫المعلومات‬ ‫وفترة‬ ‫والبيان‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫اسم‬ • ‫الدعم‬ ‫أشكال‬ ‫من‬ ‫وغيرها‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫والمكاسب‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ • ‫المرضى‬ ‫خدمات‬ ‫إيرادات‬ ‫صافي‬ • ‫ممتازة‬ ‫عائدات‬ • ‫اخرى‬ ‫ايرادات‬ • ‫المعدومة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫مخصص‬ • ‫القيود‬ ‫من‬ ‫عنها‬ ‫المفرج‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬
  • 41. Statement ofOperations continued • Expenses • Depreciation and amortization (non cashexpenses) • Other • Operating Income • Non operating items • Excess of revenue overexpenses • Excessof revenue over expenses, net of noncontrolling interest Interest is the costto borrowmoney ‫المال‬ ‫اض‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اقي‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ه‬ ‫الفائدة‬ • ‫نفقات‬ • ‫واإلطفاء‬ ‫االستهالك‬ ( ‫نقدية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫مصاريف‬ ) • ‫آخر‬ • ‫التشغيل‬ ‫دخل‬ • ‫العاملة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫العناصر‬ • ‫المصاريف‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫فائض‬ • ‫الملك‬ ‫حقوق‬ ‫خصم‬ ‫بعد‬ ، ‫المصروفات‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫فائض‬ ‫ية‬
  • 42. UnrestrictedRevenue The term revenues refers to the amounts either earned by the entity or donated to it. Gains can come from transactions such as selling assets for more than theircarryingvalue (such as selling a building or other investment). Other support includes such items as appropriationsfrom governmentalentitiesand unrestricteddonations.Netpatientservice revenuegenerallymakes up the largestportion of unrestrictedrevenue,gains. revenues representamounts earned bythe entity,notthe amount of cash it received during the period. Net Patient ServiceRevenue Gross patient service revenue is the amount the health care entitywould haveearned if all the payorspaidfull charges. the provision for bad debts, also called bad debt expense or uncollectiblesexpense ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫له‬ ‫بها‬ ‫التبرع‬ ‫تم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫عليها‬ ‫حصل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المبالغ‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫مصطلح‬ ‫يشير‬ . ‫تأتي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫من‬ ‫المكاسب‬ ‫الدفترية‬ ‫قيمتها‬ ‫من‬ ‫بأكثر‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫بيع‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫معامالت‬ ( ‫آخر‬ ‫استثمار‬ ‫أو‬ ‫مبنى‬ ‫بيع‬ ‫مثل‬ .) ‫الدع‬ ‫يشمل‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫بنو‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫م‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫والتبرعات‬ ‫الحكومية‬ ‫الكيانات‬ ‫من‬ ‫االعتمادات‬ ‫مثل‬ . ‫ع‬ ‫المرضى‬ ‫خدمة‬ ‫إيرادات‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫يشكل‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬‫مو‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األرباح‬ ‫من‬ ‫األكبر‬ ‫الجزء‬ . ‫الفتر‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫تلقته‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫النقدي‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ‫وليس‬ ، ‫الكيان‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫المكتسبة‬ ‫المبالغ‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫تمثل‬ ‫ة‬ . ‫المريض‬ ‫خدمة‬ ‫إيرادات‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫الرس‬ ‫دافع‬ ‫كل‬ ‫دفع‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫كيان‬ ‫ستكسبه‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫المبلغ‬ ‫هو‬ ‫المريض‬ ‫خدمة‬ ‫إيرادات‬ ‫إجمالي‬ ‫كاملة‬ ‫وم‬ . ‫ل‬ ‫القابلة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫المصاريف‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المعدومة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫مصروفات‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫وتسمى‬ ، ‫المعدومة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫مخصص‬ ‫لتحصيل‬
  • 43. Premium revenue is revenueearned from capitatedcontracts,orit couldbe health plan revenueif the entity has a healthplan. Net assets released from restriction are funds reclassified tounrestricted accounts from temporarilyrestrictednet assets. Depreciationandamortizationreflectthe amount of a noncurrentasset used up during the accountingperiod. Depreciation:A measureof the extent to which a tangible asset(such as plantor equipment) has been used up (during the accountingperiod) orconsumed. Amortization:ameasureof how much of an intangibleasset (such as debtissuance cost and goodwill) has been used up (during the accountingperiod) or consumed. Other expenses is a catchall categoryformiscellaneous operatingexpenses that are not considered significantenough to be listedseparately. Operatingand NonoperatingItems an excessof revenueover expenses, revenuesand gainsover expenses and losses, earned income, or performance earnings. On the statementof operations,expensesare a measure of the amount of resourcesused or consumed in providinga service, not cashoutflows. ‫صحية‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫لديه‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫صحية‬ ‫خطة‬ ‫إيرادات‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫قد‬ ‫أو‬ ، ‫االستسالم‬ ‫عقود‬ ‫من‬ ‫المكتسبة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫هي‬ ‫الممتازة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ . ‫ا‬ً‫ت‬‫مؤق‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫من‬ ‫مقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫تصنيفها‬ ‫المعاد‬ ‫األموال‬ ‫هو‬ ‫القيود‬ ‫من‬ ‫المحررة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ . ‫المحاسبية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫المستخدم‬ ‫المتداول‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصل‬ ‫مبلغ‬ ‫واإلطفاء‬ ‫االستهالك‬ ‫يعكس‬ . ‫االستهالك‬ : ‫الملموس‬ ‫األصل‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫لمدى‬ ‫مقياس‬ ( ‫المعدات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المصنع‬ ‫مثل‬ ( ) ‫المحاسبية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫خالل‬ ) ‫استهالكه‬ ‫أو‬ . ‫االستهالك‬ : ‫الملموسة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫لمقدار‬ ‫مقياس‬ ( ‫والشهرة‬ ‫الدين‬ ‫إصدار‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫مثل‬ ) ‫استخدامها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ( ‫المحاسبية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫خالل‬ ) ‫استهال‬ ‫أو‬ ‫كها‬ . ‫منفصل‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫إدراجها‬ ‫ليتم‬ ‫يكفي‬ ‫بما‬ ‫كبيرة‬ ‫تعتبر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المتنوعة‬ ‫التشغيل‬ ‫لمصروفات‬ ‫شاملة‬ ‫فئة‬ ‫هي‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫المصاريف‬ . ‫العاملة‬ ‫وغير‬ ‫العاملة‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫األداء‬ ‫أرباح‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المكتسب‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫أو‬ ‫والخسائر‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫على‬ ‫والمكاسب‬ ‫واإليرادات‬ ‫النفقات‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫زيادة‬ . ‫ا‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫وليس‬ ، ‫خدمة‬ ‫تقديم‬ ‫في‬ ‫المستهلكة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫لمقدار‬ ‫ا‬ً‫س‬‫مقيا‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫تعد‬ ، ‫العمليات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫في‬ ‫لخارجة‬ .
  • 44. StatementofChangesinNetAssets • Repeats some of the information on the statement of operations to explain changes in unrestrictednet assets but also adds informationabout changes in restricted netassets • Areas covered are unrestricted net assets, temporarily restricted net assets, permanently restricted net assets, increase in net assets and net assets at the beginning andend of the year. Its purpose is toexplain whythere was a change from one year to the nextin the entire net asset section of the balance sheet. two majorreasons: - increases (decreases) in unrestricted netassets. - changes in temporarily and permanently restricted netassets. • ‫يضيف‬ ‫ولكنه‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغييرات‬ ‫لشرح‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫بعض‬ ‫يكرر‬ ‫معلومات‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغييرات‬ ‫حول‬ • ‫بش‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫وصافي‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ت‬‫مؤق‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫وصافي‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المشمولة‬ ‫المجاالت‬ ‫دائم‬ ‫كل‬ ‫العام‬ ‫ونهاية‬ ‫بداية‬ ‫في‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫وصافي‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫والزيادة‬ . • ‫العم‬ ‫الميزانية‬ ‫في‬ ‫بالكامل‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫قسم‬ ‫في‬ ‫أخرى‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫من‬ ‫تغيير‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫سبب‬ ‫شرح‬ ‫هو‬ ‫منه‬ ‫والغرض‬ ‫ومية‬ . ‫سببان‬ ‫رئيسيان‬ : - ‫الزيادات‬ ( ‫النقصان‬ ) ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ . - ‫ودائم‬ ‫مؤقت‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغييرات‬ .
  • 45. Statement of CashFlows • Takes the accrual basis financial statements that reportactivity as it was earned and expended or committed for expenditure and converts it to the actual flow ofcash • Covers the same time period as the statement ofoperations • Discloses key noncash investing andfinancingtransactions • ‫أ‬ ‫وإنفاقها‬ ‫اكتسابها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫كما‬ ‫التقارير‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫االستحقاق‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫تأخذ‬ ‫بها‬ ‫االلتزام‬ ‫و‬ ‫للنقد‬ ‫الفعلي‬ ‫التدفق‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫وتحويلها‬ ‫للنفقات‬ • ‫العمليات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الزمنية‬ ‫الفترة‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫يغطي‬ • ‫النقدية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫والتمويل‬ ‫االستثمار‬ ‫معامالت‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تفصح‬
  • 46. StatementofCashFlows Components • Title-Name of entity,statementand period of time statement covers • Cash flows from operatingactivities (inentity) • Cash flows from investing activities (includes investingin self) • Cash flows from financingactivities • Net increase (decrease)in cash & cash equivalents • Cash & cash equivalents at beginning ofyear • Cash & cash equivalents at end oftheyear • Supplemental information • ‫العنوان‬ - ‫الزمني‬ ‫البيان‬ ‫تغطية‬ ‫وفترة‬ ‫والبيان‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫اسم‬ • ‫التشغيلية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ( ‫المنشأة‬ ‫في‬ ) • ‫االستثمارية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ( ‫الذات‬ ‫في‬ ‫االستثمار‬ ‫تشمل‬ ) • ‫التمويلية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ • ‫الزيادة‬ ‫صافي‬ ( ‫النقص‬ ) ‫حكمه‬ ‫في‬ ‫وما‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫في‬ • ‫العام‬ ‫بداية‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعادل‬ ‫والنقد‬ ‫النقد‬ • ‫العام‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫في‬ ‫حكمه‬ ‫في‬ ‫وما‬ ‫النقد‬ • ‫إضافية‬ ‫معلومات‬
  • 47. Cash Flows from OperatingActivities The first section identifies the cash inflows and outflows resulting from the normal operations of an entity. Because most entities do not have this information readily available, they derive it by starting with the increase (decrease) in net assets from the statementof changes in net assets and then making adjustmentsto convertthis accrual- based information intocashflows. Cash FlowsfromInvestingActivities The second section of the statementof cash flows is cash flows from investingactivities. This showscash inflowsand outflowsfrom such accountsas: Purchaseof plant,property,andequipment Purchase of long-terminvestments Proceedsfrom sale of plant,property,andequipment Proceeds from sale of long-terminvestments Investingby an entity includes investingin itself (such as when an entitybuysnew equipment). ‫التشغيلية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫للكيان‬ ‫العادية‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناتجة‬ ‫والخارجة‬ ‫الداخلة‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫األول‬ ‫القسم‬ ‫يحدد‬ . ‫لديه‬ ‫تتوفر‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الكيانات‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫ألن‬ ‫ا‬ً‫نظر‬ ‫بسهولة‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫بالزيادة‬ ‫بالبدء‬ ‫تشتقها‬ ‫فإنها‬ ، ( ‫النقصان‬ ) ‫لتحويل‬ ‫تعديالت‬ ‫إجراء‬ ‫ثم‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغيرات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫من‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫القائمة‬ ‫المعلومات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫نقدية‬ ‫تدفقات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫االستحقاق‬ ‫على‬ . ‫االستثمارية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫االستثمارية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫هو‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫من‬ ‫الثاني‬ ‫القسم‬ . ‫والخا‬ ‫الداخلة‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يوضح‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫حسابات‬ ‫من‬ ‫رجة‬ : ‫والمعدات‬ ‫والممتلكات‬ ‫المنشآت‬ ‫شراء‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫استثمارات‬ ‫شراء‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫استثمارات‬ ‫بيع‬ ‫من‬ ‫متحصالت‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ‫والممتلكات‬ ‫اآلالت‬ ‫بيع‬ ‫من‬ ‫متحصالت‬ ‫نفسه‬ ‫في‬ ‫االستثمار‬ ‫كيان‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫االستثمار‬ ‫يشمل‬ ( ‫جديدة‬ ‫معدات‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫يشتري‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫مثل‬ .)
  • 48. Cashand Cash Equivalentsatthe Endof the Year This is the "bottomline" of the statementof cash flows and is the same as the cash and cash equivalentsamountthat appearson the balance sheet. CashFlows fromFinancingActivities In this section of the statementof cash flows, we identify the changes in cash flows resulting from financing activities.These include Transferstoparent Proceeds from selectedcontributions Proceeds from issuance of long-termdebt Repayment oflong-termdebt Interestfromrestricted investmentsif interestincomeis also restricted Repaymentand issuanceoflong-term debt are identifiedin cash flow from financing activitiesin the statementof cashflows. ‫التمويل‬ ‫أنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫أنشطة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناتجة‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغيرات‬ ‫نحدد‬ ، ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫من‬ ‫القسم‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫في‬ ‫التمويل‬ . ‫هذه‬ ‫وتشمل‬ ‫الوالدين‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫التحويالت‬ ‫مختارة‬ ‫مساهمات‬ ‫من‬ ‫عائدات‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫طويل‬ ‫دين‬ ‫سداد‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫طويل‬ ‫دين‬ ‫إصدار‬ ‫حصيلة‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫الفوائد‬ ‫دخل‬ ‫تقييد‬ ‫تم‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫االستثمارات‬ ‫من‬ ‫الفوائد‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫في‬ ‫التمويلية‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫في‬ ‫األجل‬ ‫طويلة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫وإصدار‬ ‫سداد‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ . ‫العام‬ ‫نهاية‬ ‫حكمه‬ ‫في‬ ‫وما‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هذا‬ " ‫النهائية‬ ‫المحصلة‬ " ‫ال‬ ‫في‬ ‫يظهر‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫المعادل‬ ‫والنقد‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫مبلغ‬ ‫نفس‬ ‫وهو‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫لبيان‬ ‫العمومية‬ ‫ميزانية‬ .
  • 50. Performance Indicator: The FASB requires not -for profit health care entities to include a performance indicator in their statement of operations. The FASB defines it as an intermediatelevelthat reports he results of operations.Note that operationsincludesboth operatingand nonoperatingitems. It is analogousto income from continuingoperationsor net income in an investor-ownedentity. Charity CareDiscounts:Discountsfrom gross patientaccountsreceivablegiven to patients who cannotpaytheir bills and who meet the entity'scharity carepolicy. Amortization: (1) The allocationofthe acquisition costof debt to the period that it benefits. (2)The gradual process of payingoff debt through a series of equal periodic payments. Each payment covers a portion of the principal plus current interest. The periodic payments are equal over the lifetime of the loan, but the proportion going towardthe principal graduallyincreases. The amount of a paymentcan be determined by using the formulato calculatethe presentvalue of an annuity ‫األداء‬ ‫مؤشر‬ : ‫عملي‬ ‫بيان‬ ‫في‬ ‫أداء‬ ‫مؤشر‬ ‫تضمين‬ ‫للربح‬ ‫الهادفة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫كيانات‬ ‫من‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫معايير‬ ‫مجلس‬ ‫يطلب‬ ‫اتها‬ . ‫مجلس‬ ‫يعرفه‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫عن‬ ‫تقارير‬ ‫يقدم‬ ‫​الذي‬​ ‫المتوسط‬ ‫المستوى‬ ‫بأنه‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫معايير‬ . ‫التشغيل‬ ‫عناصر‬ ‫تشمل‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫أن‬ ‫الحظ‬ ‫العاملة‬ ‫وغير‬ . ‫إنه‬ ‫للمستثمرين‬ ‫مملوك‬ ‫كيان‬ ‫في‬ ‫الدخل‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المستمرة‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫من‬ ‫للدخل‬ ‫مشابه‬ . ‫الخيرية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫خصومات‬ : ‫ي‬ ‫والذين‬ ‫فواتيرهم‬ ‫دفع‬ ‫يستطيعون‬ ‫ال‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫للمرضى‬ ‫الممنوحة‬ ‫للمرضى‬ ‫المدينة‬ ‫الذمم‬ ‫إجمالي‬ ‫من‬ ‫خصومات‬ ‫سياسة‬ ‫ستوفون‬ ‫للجهة‬ ‫الخيرية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ . ‫اإلطفاء‬ : ‫منها‬ ‫تستفيد‬ ‫التي‬ ‫للفترة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫اقتناء‬ ‫تكلفة‬ ‫تخصيص‬ . ‫المتساوية‬ ‫الدورية‬ ‫المدفوعات‬ ‫من‬ ‫سلسلة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫من‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫لسداد‬ ‫التدريجية‬ ‫العملية‬ . ‫إلى‬ ‫باإلضافة‬ ‫المال‬ ‫رأس‬ ‫من‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ء‬‫جز‬ ‫دفعة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫تغطي‬ ‫الحالية‬ ‫الفائدة‬ . ً‫ا‬‫تدريجي‬ ‫تزداد‬ ‫المال‬ ‫رأس‬ ‫نحو‬ ‫تذهب‬ ‫التي‬ ‫النسبة‬ ‫لكن‬ ، ‫القرض‬ ‫عمر‬ ‫مدى‬ ‫على‬ ‫متساوية‬ ‫الدورية‬ ‫المدفوعات‬ . ‫الدف‬ ‫مبلغ‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫الصيغة‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫ع‬ ‫سنوي‬ ‫لمعاش‬ ‫الحالية‬ ‫القيمة‬ ‫لحساب‬
  • 51. AccumulatedDepreciation:The totalamountof depreciationtakenon an asset since it was put intouse. Third-PartyPayors:Commonlyreferred to as thirdparties, these are entitiesthat pay on behalf of patients. NoncontrollingInterest:The amount of a partially owned subsidiary entity that the parent does notown. Operating Income: is a classification within excess of revenues over expenses, which separatesrevenues earned through health care-relatedactivities(operatingincome) and those earned from other than health care-related activities (nonoperating items). Note that nonoperatingitems aremost often a mixture of revenues,gains,and losses. Investmentincome (loss) is reportedasnonoperating. Net Income: Equivalentto excessof revenue over expenses fora not -for-profitentity. ‫المتراكم‬ ‫االستهالك‬ : ‫التنفيذ‬ ‫حيز‬ ‫في‬ ‫وضعه‬ ‫منذ‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫أحد‬ ‫على‬ ‫تم‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫لإلهالك‬ ‫اإلجمالي‬ ‫المبلغ‬ . ‫الخارجية‬ ‫الدفع‬ ‫جهات‬ : ‫المرضى‬ ‫عن‬ ‫نيابة‬ ‫تدفع‬ ‫كيانات‬ ‫وهي‬ ، ‫ثالثة‬ ‫كأطراف‬ ً‫ة‬‫عاد‬ ‫إليها‬ ‫شار‬ُ‫ي‬ . ‫المسيطرة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الفائدة‬ : ‫األم‬ ‫الشركة‬ ‫تملكه‬ ‫ال‬ ‫والذي‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ي‬‫جزئ‬ ‫المملوك‬ ‫الفرعي‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫مبلغ‬ . ‫التشغيلي‬ ‫الدخل‬ : ‫من‬ ‫المكتسبة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫بين‬ ‫يفصل‬ ‫والذي‬ ، ‫المصروفات‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الزائدة‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫ضمن‬ ‫تصنيف‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫خالل‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫بالرعاية‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ( ‫التشغيلي‬ ‫الدخل‬ ) ‫الص‬ ‫بالرعاية‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫األنشطة‬ ‫من‬ ‫المكتسبة‬ ‫وتلك‬ ‫حية‬ ( ‫غير‬ ‫البنود‬ ‫التشغيلية‬ .) ‫والخسائر‬ ‫والمكاسب‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫من‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ج‬‫مزي‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ًا‬‫ب‬‫غال‬ ‫العاملة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫العناصر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫الحظ‬ . ‫دخل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫اإلبالغ‬ ‫تم‬ ( ‫خسارة‬ ) ‫عامل‬ ‫غير‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫على‬ ‫االستثمار‬ . ‫الدخل‬ ‫صافي‬ : ‫للربح‬ ‫هادف‬ ‫غير‬ ‫لكيان‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫على‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫فائض‬ ‫يعادل‬ .
  • 52. Summary • Examined have been the 4 basic financial statements which comprise a picture of the financial health of a non profit,business oriented health careentity. • The four basic financial statementsare: • Balance Sheet • Statement of Operations • Statement of Changes in NetAssets • Statement of Cash Flows • ‫لكيان‬ ‫المالي‬ ‫للوضع‬ ‫صورة‬ ‫تشكل‬ ‫التي‬ ‫األربعة‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫فحص‬ ‫تم‬ ‫صحية‬ ‫رعاية‬ ‫لألعمال‬ ‫موجه‬ ‫ربحي‬ ‫غير‬ . • ‫هي‬ ‫األربعة‬ ‫األساسية‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬ : • ‫التوازن‬ ‫ورقة‬ • ‫العمليات‬ ‫بيان‬ • ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫في‬ ‫التغيرات‬ ‫بيان‬ • ‫النقدية‬ ‫التدفقات‬ ‫بيان‬
  • 54. LearningObjectives • Recordfinancialtransactions • Understand the basics of accrualaccounting • Summarizetransactionsinfofinancial statements One of the major roles of accounting is to record these transactionsand report the results in a standardizedformat tointerested parties. ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫النتائج‬ ‫عن‬ ‫واإلبالغ‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تسجيل‬ ‫للمحاسبة‬ ‫الرئيسية‬‫األدوار‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫موحد‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫المهتمة‬ ‫اف‬‫ر‬‫األط‬ ‫إىل‬ .
  • 55. The“Book” • As transactions occur (such as the purchase of supplies), they are recorded chronologically in a “Book” called a journal. This book is more likely to be a computer than a paper journal requiring manual entries. • Periodically (simultaneously when using most computer programs), the transactionsare summarizedby account(i.e., cash, equipment, revenues, etc.) into another book called aledger • The journaland ledger make up the chronological listing of transactions and the current balance in eachaccount • Totals foreach accountin the ledger are used to preparethe four financial statements • ‫المعامالت‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫عند‬ ( ‫اإلمدادات‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ش‬ ‫مثل‬ ) ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬ً‫زمني‬ ‫تسجيلها‬ ‫يتم‬ ، " ‫كتاب‬ " ‫د‬ ‫يسىم‬ ‫اليومية‬ ‫ر‬ ‫في‬ . ‫إدخاالت‬ ‫يتطلب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ورف‬ ‫يومية‬ ‫ر‬ ‫دفي‬ ‫من‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أكي‬ ‫ا‬ً ‫كمبيوتر‬‫الكتاب‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫أن‬ ‫المرجح‬ ‫من‬ ‫يدوية‬ . • ‫دوريا‬ ( ‫الكمبيوتر‬ ‫امج‬‫ر‬‫ب‬ ‫معظم‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫عند‬ ‫واحد‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ) ‫ع‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫تلخيص‬ ‫يتم‬ ، ‫طريق‬ ‫ن‬ ‫حساب‬ ( ‫الخ‬ ، ‫ادات‬‫ر‬‫واإلي‬ ‫والمعدات‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫أي‬ ) ‫األستاذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫دفي‬ ‫يسىم‬ ‫آخر‬ ‫ر‬ ‫دفي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ • ‫حس‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ي‬ ‫الحاىل‬ ‫والرصيد‬ ‫للمعامالت‬ ‫الزمنية‬ ‫القائمة‬ ‫األستاذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ودفي‬ ‫المجلة‬ ‫تشكل‬ ‫اب‬ • ‫األربع‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫القوائم‬ ‫إلعداد‬ ‫وتستخدم‬ ‫األستاذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫دفي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫لكل‬ ‫المجاميع‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫ة‬
  • 56. The Book The Journal The journal is informal, also known as “book of original entry”. Its consists of recorded in the accounting entries, the recorded accounting at a record of business transactions, will be in sequential order,accordingto the datethe transactionsoccur, or in chronological order. Recordinga transactionin the generaljournal is called journalizing.It is known as a subsidiary book. Once you haverecorded a transactionin a general journal, the amountsare posted to the appropriate accounts, such as equipment,accountsreceivable,and cash transactions. ‫صحيفة‬ " ‫المجلة‬ " ‫باسم‬ ‫أيضا‬ ‫تعرف‬ ،‫رسمية‬ ‫ر‬ ‫غي‬ " ‫ي‬ ‫األصل‬ ‫اإلدخال‬ ‫كتاب‬ ." ‫القيو‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫المسجلة‬ ‫من‬ ‫يتألف‬ ، ‫المحاسبية‬ ‫د‬ ‫للتاري‬ ‫وفقا‬ ، ‫ي‬ ‫تسلسل‬ ‫ترتيب‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫وسوف‬ ، ‫التجارية‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫سجل‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫المسجلة‬ ‫والمحاسبة‬ ، ‫التكون‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫الزمن‬ ‫تيب‬ ‫ر‬ ‫الي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫أو‬ . ‫اليومية‬ ‫ر‬ ‫بدفي‬ ‫العام‬ ‫اليومية‬ ‫ر‬ ‫دفي‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫التسجيل‬ ‫معاملة‬ ‫تسىم‬ . ‫المعروف‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫تابع‬ ‫كتاب‬‫باسم‬ . 2types The Ledger The ledger is more formalized, also known as “the book of second entry”. It is used to track assets, liabilities,owner capital,revenues,and expenses.It is a book or file used to record all relevantaccounts. The act of recordinga transaction in the ledger is called posting. The general ledger is known as a principlebook. ‫ر‬ ‫ودفي‬ ‫األستاذ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫أكي‬ ،‫رسمية‬ ‫والمعروف‬ ‫أيضا‬ ‫باسم‬ " ‫ر‬ ‫دفي‬ ‫الدخول‬ ‫ي‬ ‫الثان‬ " . ‫يتم‬ ‫استخدامه‬ ‫لتتبع‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫والخصو‬ ‫م‬ ‫أس‬‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫المال‬ ‫المالك‬ ‫ادات‬‫ر‬‫واإلي‬ ‫والمرصوفات‬ . ‫وهو‬ ‫كتاب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ملف‬ ‫يستخدم‬ ‫لتسجيل‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫الصلة‬ . ‫ويسىم‬ ‫اء‬‫ر‬‫إج‬ ‫تسجيل‬ ‫الح‬ ‫كة‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ر‬ ‫دفي‬ ‫األستاذ‬ ‫حيل‬ ‫ر‬ ‫الي‬ . ‫عرف‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ر‬ ‫دفي‬ ‫األستاذ‬ ‫العام‬ ‫ر‬ ‫كدفي‬ ‫أساس‬ . ‫و‬ ‫المعدات‬ ‫مثل‬ ،‫المناسبة‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫المبالغ‬ ‫ترحيل‬ ‫يتم‬ ،‫عام‬ ‫يومية‬ ‫دفتر‬ ‫في‬ ‫حركة‬ ‫تسجيل‬ ‫بمجرد‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫والحركات‬ ‫استردادها‬ ‫يمكن‬ .
  • 57. The Book here as Computer,itsworkinga journal
  • 58.
  • 59. Methods ofAccounting • Cash basis of accounting- tracks cash when received and when cash is expended regardless of when services were provided or resources wereused • Accrual basis of accounting- records revenues when earnedand resources used regardlessof the flow ofcash in or out of theentity • Health care organizationsuseaccrualbasis ofaccounting Accrual Basis ofAccounting An accounting method that aligns the flow of resources and the revenues those resources helped to generate.It recordsrevenueswhen earned and resources when used, regardlessof the flow of cash in or out of the organization.Thisis the standard method in use today. • ‫للمحاسبة‬ ‫النقدي‬ ‫األساس‬ - ‫بغض‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫إنفاق‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫وعندما‬ ‫استالمها‬ ‫عند‬ ‫النقدية‬ ‫يتتبع‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫عن‬ ‫النظر‬ ‫استعمالها‬ ‫تم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الخدمات‬ ‫تقديم‬ • ‫للمحاسبة‬ ‫االستحقاق‬ ‫أساس‬ - ‫ت‬ ‫عن‬ ‫النظر‬ ‫بغض‬ ‫المستخدمة‬ ‫والموارد‬ ‫مكتسبات‬ ‫عند‬ ‫السجالت‬ ‫دفق‬ ‫الكيان‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫أو‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫النقدية‬ • ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫في‬ ‫االستحقاق‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫د‬ ِ ‫ر‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫منظمات‬ ‫توليدها‬ ‫على‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫ساعدت‬ ‫التي‬ ‫واإليرادات‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫تدفق‬ ‫بمواءمة‬ ‫يقوم‬ ‫محاسبي‬ ‫أسلوب‬ . ‫ا‬ ‫يسجل‬ ‫إليرادات‬ ‫المؤسسة‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫أو‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫تدفق‬ ‫عن‬ ‫النظر‬ ‫بغض‬ ،‫استخدامها‬ ‫عند‬ ‫والموارد‬ ‫كسبها‬ ‫عند‬ . ‫ا‬ ‫األسلوب‬ ‫هو‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫لقياسي‬ ‫اليوم‬ ‫االستخدام‬ ‫في‬ .
  • 60. cash basis of accounting focuses on the flows of cash in and out of the organization, whereas the accrual basis of accountingfocuseson the flows of resources and the revenues those resources help togenerate ‫االستح‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫حين‬ ‫في‬ ،‫وخارجها‬ ‫المنظمة‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫النقد‬ ‫تدفقات‬ ‫على‬ ‫للمحاسبة‬ ‫النقدي‬ ‫األساس‬ ‫يركز‬ ‫في‬ ‫قاق‬ ‫توليدها‬ ‫على‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫تساعد‬ ‫التي‬ ‫واإليرادات‬ ‫الموارد‬ ‫تدفقات‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫حسابات‬
  • 61.
  • 62.
  • 63.
  • 64. RecordingTransactions • 2 rules under accrualaccounting 1- At least two accounts must be used to record a transaction: a) Increase (decrease) an asset account whenever assetsare acquired (used). b) Increase (decrease) a liability account whenever obligations are incurred (paidfor). c) Increase a revenues, gains, or other support account when it occurs. d) Increase an expenseaccountwhen an asset is used. Net assets increase when unrestrictedrevenues, gains,and other support increase, and net assets decrease whenexpenses occur. ‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫إطار‬ ‫في‬ ‫قاعدتان‬ ‫االستحقاق‬ 1 - ‫لتسج‬ ‫األقل‬ ‫على‬ ‫حسابين‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫يل‬ ‫المعاملة‬ : ‫أ‬ - ‫زيادة‬ ( ‫نقصان‬ ) ‫تم‬ ‫كلما‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحصول‬ ( ‫المستخدمة‬ .) ‫ب‬ - ‫زيادة‬ ( ‫نقصان‬ ) ‫تك‬ ‫تم‬ ‫كلما‬ ‫التزام‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫بد‬ ‫التزامات‬ ( ‫ثمنها‬ ‫مدفوع‬ .) ‫ت‬ - ‫حساب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المكاسب‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫عند‬ ‫الدعم‬ . ‫ث‬ - ‫أح‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫عند‬ ‫المصروفات‬ ‫حساب‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫د‬ ‫األصول‬ . ‫صافي‬ ‫وينخفض‬ ،‫الدعم‬ ‫زيادة‬ ‫من‬ ‫وغيرها‬ ‫والمكاسب‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫تزداد‬ ‫عندما‬ ‫األصول‬ ‫صافي‬ ‫وتزداد‬ ‫النفقات‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫عند‬ ‫األصول‬ .
  • 65. 2nd RuleRecording Transactions 2- After each transaction, the fundamentalaccountingequation must be in balance: Assets=Liabilities +NetAssets Contraasset An asset that, when increased, decreases the value of a related asset on the books. Two primary examples are accumulated depreciation, which is the contra-asset to properties and equipment,and the allowancefor uncollectibles,which is the contra-assetto accounts receivable. The terms allowance for doubtful accounts, allowance for uncollectible accounts, and allowance for bad debt are used interchangeablyin practice. Similarly,the terms provision for bad debt and bad debt expenseare used interchangeablyin practice. NetAssets=totalAssets– total Liabilities 2 - ‫األساسية‬ ‫المحاسبية‬ ‫المعادلة‬ ،‫معاملة‬ ‫كل‬ ‫بعد‬ : • ‫الدفاتر‬ ‫في‬ ‫صلة‬ ‫ذي‬ ‫أصل‬ ‫قيمة‬ ‫من‬ ‫يقلل‬ ،‫زيادته‬ ‫عند‬ ،‫أصل‬ . ‫األص‬ ‫وهو‬ ،‫المتراكم‬ ‫االستهالك‬ ‫هما‬ ‫رئيسيان‬ ‫مثاالن‬ ‫وهناك‬ ‫غير‬ ‫ول‬ ‫ا‬ ‫المستحقة‬ ‫للحسابات‬ ‫المقابل‬ ‫األصل‬ ‫وهو‬ ،‫المحصلة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫المبالغ‬ ‫وبدل‬ ،‫والمعدات‬ ‫الممتلكات‬ ‫في‬ ‫لالستخدام‬ ‫القابلة‬ ‫لقبض‬ . • ‫للتحص‬ ‫القابلة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫وبدل‬ ،‫تحصيلها‬ ‫في‬ ‫المشكوك‬ ‫الحسابات‬ ‫بدل‬ ‫شروط‬ ‫العملية‬ ‫الممارسة‬ ‫في‬ ‫وتستخدم‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫وبدل‬ ،‫يل‬ ‫المعدومة‬ . ‫الع‬ ‫الممارسة‬ ‫في‬ ‫تستخدم‬ ‫المعدومة‬ ‫الديون‬ ‫ومصاريف‬ ‫المعدومة‬ ‫بالديون‬ ‫المتعلقة‬ ‫الحكم‬ ‫شروط‬ ‫فإن‬ ،‫وبالمثل‬ ‫ملية‬ .
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68. Developing the Financial Statements • Once the transactionshave been analyzedand recorded, the organization can develop the four financial statements: • Balance Sheet • Statement of Operations • Statementof Changes in NetAssets • Statement of Cash Flows ‫تط‬ ‫للمنظمة‬ ‫يمكن‬ ،‫وتسجيلها‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫تحليل‬ ‫بمجرد‬ ‫وير‬ ‫األربعة‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬ :
  • 69. The Statement of Operations includes: 1Unrestricted Revenues, Gains, and Other Support 2Operating Expenses 3Operating Income and Excess of Revenues over Expenses. 4Increase in Unrestricted NetAssets The Balance Sheetincludes: 1Assets 2Liabilities 3NetAssets The Statement of Changesin NetAssets includes: 1Unrestricted net assets 2Temporarily restricted netassets 3Permanentlyrestrictednetassets 4Increase in netassets 5Net assets at the beginning and end of the year. The Statement of Cash Flowsincludes: 1Cash flows from operating activities 2Cash flows from investing activities 3Cash flows from financingactivities.
  • 70. Summary • One of the major roles of accounting is torecord the transactions in a standardized format and report the results. • These transactionsare the basis for the financialstatements • Accrual accounting is used by health careorganizations • Financial statements are a foundationfor decision making in health care organizations Operating Expenses are costs that are incurredin the day-to-dayoperation of the business. Operating income is the difference between unrestricted revenues,gains, and other support andexpenses • ‫النتائج‬ ‫عن‬ ‫واإلبالغ‬ ‫موحد‬ ‫شكل‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫تسجيل‬ ‫هو‬ ‫للمحاسبة‬ ‫الرئيسية‬ ‫األدوار‬ ‫أحد‬ . • ‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المعامالت‬ ‫هذه‬ • ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مؤسسات‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫من‬ ‫االستحقاق‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫على‬ ‫المحاسبة‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫يتم‬ • ‫الصحية‬ ‫الرعاية‬ ‫مؤسسات‬ ‫في‬ ‫القرار‬ ‫اتخاذ‬ ‫أساس‬ ‫هي‬ ‫المالية‬ ‫البيانات‬ ‫التجارية‬ ‫لألعمال‬ ‫اليومية‬ ‫العمليات‬ ‫في‬ ‫تكبدها‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫التي‬ ‫التكاليف‬ ‫هي‬ ‫التشغيل‬ ‫نفقات‬ . ‫األخرى‬ ‫والنفقات‬ ‫والدعم‬ ‫المقيدة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫والمكاسب‬ ‫اإليرادات‬ ‫بين‬ ‫الفرق‬ ‫هو‬ ‫التشغيلي‬ ‫الدخل‬
  • 72. LearningObjectives • Analyzethe financialstatementsof healthcareorganizations using the horizontal analysis, vertical analysis and ratio analysis • Calculate and interpretliquidity,profit,activity and capital structure ratios