4 Topic Identification The topic getting studied is cyber security which is highly imperative in the current digital world since many people are relying on information technology (IT) for their daily needs. The IT environment requires transforming existing operations to ensure it can deal with emerging security issues. The proposed transformation of legacy systems to advanced cybersecurity operations like cloud, hardware, software, application, and Internet of Things (IoT) security are all imperative. They ensure effective communication can be attained in the network so there would be faster and more accurate transactions. It is possible to establish fast internet connections when security operations are integrated to enhance reliable user operations. Cited Problem There is a problem which is called cyber security challenges that have affected many devices depending on IT. According to Li & Liu (2021), cyberattacks have been an emerging threat affecting different persons when they use devices connected to the internet where malicious users infect the devices, causing security threats to stored data. Internet operations are related to security since there is a possibility of enhancing faster communication devices using good internet speeds. The types of cyber-attacks affecting different systems are insider threats, malware, phishing, denial of services, viruses, worms, or Trojan horse attacks (Li & Liu, 2021). Vulnerabilities can be introduced here as IT personnel aware of cyber-attack techniques could eliminate a secure environment once there is a seamless and accurate connection to their intended devices. Population Getting Addressed The population getting addressed includes persons who create cyber-attacks and those affected by the attacks. The primary sources of cyber threats are foreign countries, groups, hackers, internal employees, or terrorists (Li & Liu, 2021). Security must be implemented in different systems when common cyber-attacks are managed. The switches would enable the IT environment to connect all components requiring constant communication. The remote access functionality promotes the company's operations since it can implement network access controls that enable employees to work from any location. Methodology to Get Used The research shall integrate a qualitative research design since it majorly relies on interpretive and investigative techniques. There can be an accurate analysis of actual data studying cybersecurity issues. Article Assessment An article by Moustafa et al. (2021) used a qualitative research process to illustrate how cybersecurity challenges have been frequently dislodged on many user devices. The research question was to determine the role of user behaviour when improving cybersecurity. The application of a literature review illustrated that user behaviour needs to change so that there would be no introduction of vulnerabilities to any system. References Li, Y., & Liu, Q. (2021). A comprehensive review s.

1. 4
Topic Identification
The topic getting studied is cyber security which is highly imperative in the current digital world
since many people are relying on information technology (IT) for their daily needs. The IT
environment requires transforming existing operations to ensure it can deal with emerging
security issues. The proposed transformation of legacy systems to advanced cybersecurity
operations like cloud, hardware, software, application, and Internet of Things (IoT) security are
all imperative. They ensure effective communication can be attained in the network so there
would be faster and more accurate transactions. It is possible to establish fast internet
connections when security operations are integrated to enhance reliable user operations.
Cited Problem
There is a problem which is called cyber security challenges that have affected many devices
depending on IT. According to Li & Liu (2021), cyberattacks have been an emerging threat
affecting different persons when they use devices connected to the internet where malicious
users infect the devices, causing security threats to stored data. Internet operations are related to
security since there is a possibility of enhancing faster communication devices using good
internet speeds. The types of cyber-attacks affecting different systems are insider threats,
malware, phishing, denial of services, viruses, worms, or Trojan horse attacks (Li & Liu, 2021).
Vulnerabilities can be introduced here as IT personnel aware of cyber-attack techniques could
eliminate a secure environment once there is a seamless and accurate connection to their
intended devices.
Population Getting Addressed
The population getting addressed includes persons who create cyber-attacks and those affected
by the attacks. The primary sources of cyber threats are foreign countries, groups, hackers,
internal employees, or terrorists (Li & Liu, 2021). Security must be implemented in different
systems when common cyber-attacks are managed. The switches would enable the IT
environment to connect all components requiring constant communication. The remote access
functionality promotes the company's operations since it can implement network access controls
that enable employees to work from any location.
Methodology to Get Used
The research shall integrate a qualitative research design since it majorly relies on interpretive
and investigative techniques. There can be an accurate analysis of actual data studying
cybersecurity issues.
Article Assessment
An article by Moustafa et al. (2021) used a qualitative research process to illustrate how
cybersecurity challenges have been frequently dislodged on many user devices. The research

2. question was to determine the role of user behaviour when improving cybersecurity. The
application of a literature review illustrated that user behaviour needs to change so that there
would be no introduction of vulnerabilities to any system.
References
Li, Y., & Liu, Q. (2021). A comprehensive review study of cyber-attacks and cyber security;
emerging trends and recent developments. Energy Reports , 7 , 8176–8186.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.08.126.
Moustafa, A. A., Bello, A., & Maurushat, A. (2021). The role of user behaviour in improving
cyber security management. Frontiers in Psychology , 12 .
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.561011
Running head: ASSISTED SUICIDE 1
ASSISTED SUICIDE 9
Assisted Suicide
Name:
Institutional Affiliation:
Course:
Date:
Abstract
Assisted suicide remains a controversial issue that has been debated for decades. There are
various ethical and legal perspectives on this issue that have elicited different public concerns.
The aim of this paper is to examine the different perspective on assisted suicide in the United
States and other countries. It looks at the historical context of legalization of assisted suicide in
the country, and the current stance on legalization from the opinions of experts within the field
alongside public opinion. It provides the different legal and ethical stances on the topic. The
paper shows the intricacy surrounding the topic and the need for further research to explore the
issue comprehensively before allowing its implementation nationwide.
Assisted Suicide
Assisted suicide is a controversial issue that has been debated for many years. The issue is
complex and presents ethical and legal concerns with different public opinion concerns. The
issues raised by this issue are central to the physicians’ role. The American Medical
Association (2016) states that it transpires when the physician provides unnecessary
means/information to facilitate the patient’s decision to terminate their life. Discussions on

3. this topic hold varying views on the ethics and legal framework that assist in dying. This paper
explores the diverse perspectives without taking a position. It looks at its terminology,
legalization history in the United States, and the arguments for and those opposed to aid in dying.
It explores the legal and ethical considerations of euthanasia and public opinion regarding the
practice.
Assisted suicide is commonly identified as physician-assisted suicide or aid in dying, alongside
several other terms. Aid in dying or physician-assisted suicide has been carefully distinguished
from euthanasia in the United States. Euthanasia is described as mercy killing, whereby an
incurably suffering patient is administered a lethal medication. In the United States, euthanasia is
considered illegal, but countries such as Canada, Colombia, Belgium, and Luxembourg regard
voluntary euthanasia as legal (Duglade et al., 2019). In countries like the Netherlands, this
practice is decriminalized. Some countries are still in the process of legalizing physician-assisted
suicide. Despite the move, the issue of physician-assisted suicide remains a highly contested
issue with different perspectives on the issue.
Legalization of Physician-assisted Suicide
The push to legalize euthanasia in the United States began in the 1900s. Advocates for the
practice were for the forceful implementation of the practice, which by then was being secretly
practiced in the country (Dugdale et al., 2019). Jacob Appel’s work demonstrates the traces
of this move during this period showing that the eugenics movement strongly influenced the
discourse on euthanasia. During the same period, opponents of this practice countered the
practice using practical rather than moral or religious arguments. However, the public discourse
on legalizing euthanasia waned for several decades when efforts to legalize the practice failed.
Afterward, several attempts were made to legalize euthanasia in the public limelight, including
pathologist Jacob Kevorkian’s advertisements in Detroit area newspapers as a death
counselor in the 1980s (Dugdale et al., 2019). Following several decades of back and forth in the
move to legalize the practice in the U.S., Oregon became the first to pass legislation supporting
physician-assisted dying. Washington legalized the practice in 2008, a decade later. The practice
was decriminalized by Montana a year later, and Vermont legalized it in 201xxx (Dugdale et al.,
2019). Other states that have legalized physician-assisted death include California in 2015,
Colorado, Colorado in 2016, the District of Columbia in 2017, Hawaii in 2018, and Maine and
New Jersey in 2019.
Public opinion on the practice has shifted over time. In the 1980s, public opinion was essentially
against assisted suicide, with only around 30% of people in favor of it. Since then, public opinion
has shifted, with most people in favor of allowing assisted suicide in some instances. Recent
statistics show that nearly 65 percent of Americans support assisted suicide for terminally ill
patients (Emmanuel, 2017). Over time, the change in public opinion could be due to increasing
awareness of the medical, psychological, and social problems that terminally ill patients face.
Ethical Considerations
Ethically, assisted suicide is a difficult concept to grapple with. On the one hand, many people
believe that a person should have the right to choose how they want to die and that it is a

4. decision that should be respected. This right to die is often referred to as the right to autonomy.
From the perspective of patient autonomy, the patient has the right to make decisions over their
life. In healthcare settings, patients are entitled to determine the type of medical interventions
they should elect or forgo (Fontalis et al., 2018). Patient autonomy is a principle that
significantly influences contemporary U.S. medical practice. It serves as a justification for
informed consent only after the patient has been provided with a thorough explanation of the
benefits and risks so that they can go ahead and make decisions regarding treatment or
participation in medical research (Fontalis et al., 2018). This logic is extended to the practice of
physician-assisted suicide, which renders the patients accustomed to making their health
decisions throughout life and needing the right to control the circumstances of their deaths.
The right to physician-assisted suicide gives patients the prerogative to make decisions
concerning their lives without others interfering. Those supporting assisted suicide argue that it
provides a humane way of dying, allowing a person to die with dignity and without the pain and
suffering that comes with a terminal illness. They argue that the right to end one’s life is an
important right that should be respected. They point to the fact that individuals should have the
right to choose how and when they die (McKinnon & Orellana-Barrios, 2019). Furthermore,
proponents argue that the core of medicine is to relieve the suffering of patients from illness and
disease; hence, the practice of physician-assisted suicide is an extension of this practice. They
describe it as one option among several possibilities for the care of dying patients. Although the
laws proposed by each state vary, they suggest various safeguards to mitigate abuses and to offer
a structure for an act that some individuals will do anyway, more dangerously (McKinnon &
Orellana-Barrios, 2019). The safeguards include informing the patient about all available end-of-
life options, ensuring the patient is requesting assisted suicide autonomously, and the patient is
not coerced to make the decision and can ingest the lethal medication on their own.
On the other hand, some argue that assisted suicide is unethical because it takes away a
person’s right to live and could lead to abuse. They also argue that it goes against the
principle of beneficence, which states that doctors should not do anything that would harm a
patient. They assert that the practice violates the sanctity of life, as it goes against the idea that
life is a gift from God that should be respected and preserved. They also point to the potential for
abuse, as some individuals may be coerced or manipulated into taking their own lives (Sulmasy
et al., 2016). Proponents also indicate that they may be concerned regarding the practice’s
impact on family members, as well as the potential for abuse of the system by those seeking to
end the lives of their family members for financial gain.
Legal Considerations
From a legal perspective, assisted suicide can be a complicated issue. In the U.S., this practice is
considered illegal in most states, with a few exceptions, as mentioned initially. As mentioned
above, assisted suicide is legal under certain conditions in states such as Oregon, Washington,
and Montana. In the states where assisted suicide is legalized, the dying patient should be able to
make an informed decision regarding their death. They should have an attending physician
willing to prescribe lethal medication. In addition, the patient needs to make two oral requests for
the medication within the written request presented within 15 days (Dugdale et al., 2019). In
addition, several court rulings have addressed the issue, though they have not been consistent. In

5. 1997, the United States Supreme Court ruled that individuals have the right to refuse medical
treatment, including life-sustaining treatments. This ruling has been interpreted by some courts to
include the right to assisted suicide. In addition, several other laws govern assisted suicide,
including laws prohibiting euthanasia and the sale of drugs to end one’s life (Dugdale et al.,
2019). Some laws govern who can assist in suicide and the conditions under which it can be
done. The legal implications of assisted suicide are also complex and may require further
examination to justify the legalization of the practice throughout the nation.
Considering this perspective, the ethical and legal considerations of assisted suicide are complex
and varied, with each perspective drawing significant arguments in favor of and against assisted
suicide. On the one hand, assisted suicide can be seen as a moral decision, as it allows
individuals to decide how they want to die. On the other hand, it can be seen as immoral, as it
goes against the Hippocratic Oath and could lead to abuse (McKinnon & Orellana-Barriors,
2019). In addition, assisted suicide could lead to a devaluing of life, as it could be seen as a
“quick option― for those suffering from terminal illnesses or other difficult circumstances.
In conclusion, assisted suicide is a complex issue with ethical, legal, and public opinion
concerns. The ethical and legal considerations of assisted suicide remain intricate and highly
contested. Ethically, it is difficult to make a definitive statement about assisted suicide, as it is a
personal decision that should be respected. Legally, assisted suicide is illegal in most states,
although some exceptions exist. Public opinion of assisted suicide has changed over time, with
most individuals in favor of it in some instances. Finally, the ethical implications of assisted
suicide are complex, as it can be seen as both a moral and immoral decision. Ultimately, the
decision of whether or not to pursue assisted suicide is a personal one and should be respected.
Supporters of assisted suicide argue that individuals should have the right to choose how and
when they die, while opponents argue that it violates the sanctity of life. In addition, the legal
landscape is complicated, as assisted suicide is legal in only a few states, and several court
rulings have addressed the issue. Ultimately, the debate over assisted suicide will continue, as
both sides have strong and compelling arguments.
References
American Medical Association. (2016). Opinions on caring for patients at the end of
life. AMA Code of Ethics. https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/ama-code-medical-
ethics-opinions-care-end-life/2013-
12#:~:text=Physicians%20have%20an%20obligation%20to,it%20may%20foreseeably%20haste
n%20death.
Emanuel, E. (2017). Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide: focus on the data. The Medical
Journal of Australia, 206(8), 339–340. https://doi.org/10.5694/mja16.00132
Dugdale, L., S., Lerner, B., H., & Callahan, D. (2019). Pros and Cons of Physician AId in
Dying. The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine, 92(4), 747-750.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc6913818/

6. Fontalis, A., Prousali, E., & Kulkarni, K. (2018). Euthanasia and assisted dying: what is the
current position, and what are the key arguments informing the debate? Journal of the Royal
Society of Medicine, 111(11), 407–413. https://doi.org/10.1177/0141076818803452
McKinnon, B., & Orellana-Barriors, M. (2019). Ethics in physician-assisted dying and
euthanasia. The Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles, 7(30), 36–42.
https://doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v7i30.561
Sulmasy, D. P., Travaline, J. M., Mitchell, L. A., & Ely, E. W. (2016). Non-faith-based
arguments against physician-assisted suicide and euthanasia. The Linacre Quarterly, 83(3),
246–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/00243639.2016.1201375