2. Overview
This will cover the basics of natural disasters that may have occurred around the
world and how it has affected archaeology as a whole in the past 5 years. And
how things could be adapted or changed due to those many events that occured.
4. Why Forensic Arcaheology?
I thought of this mainly since this was a very out of the box topic to go ahead
and talk about as its a topic that is not really that talked about as there have
been so much talk about the different bad things that may happen in the world,
but never too much about the insides of it.
5. What is a Natural Disaster?
A natural disaster is nothing more than catastrophic destruction produced by
natural forces. It is an unforeseeable event that will have an impact on the
environment and the species that live in it. Disasters are classified into tiers
based on the intensity of their effects.
6. What is Forensic Archaeology?
Forensic archeology is the use of archeological concepts and procedures to
identify and recover evidence for use in criminal justice systems or civil cases.
8. Forensic Analysis
Forensic archaeology teaches the principles, practices, and protocols for
documenting and analyzing this type of evidence at outdoor and other complex
crime scenes, such as large-scale scene searches, surface-scattered remains,
buried body features, fatal fires, and mass disaster scenes.
9. Forensic Analysis on Disasters, Part 1
Forensic anthropological knowledge has been used in disaster victim
identification (DVI) for over a century, but over the past decades, there have been
a number of disaster events which have seen an increasing role for the forensic
anthropologist. The experiences gained from some of the latest DVI operations
have provided valuable lessons that have had an effect on the role and perceived
value of the forensic anthropologist as part of the team managing the DVI
process.
10. What is a DVI?
The techniques and procedures for
recovering and identifying deceased
people and human remains in multiple
fatality occurrences are known as
disaster victim identification (DVI).
Where fatalities may occur as a result
of an emergency or severe incident and
will be analyzed.
1,200 × 630
11. Forensic Analysis on Disasters, Part 2
Man different studies will present an overview of the ways in which forensic
anthropologists might contribute to DVI, with a focus on how contemporary
forensic anthropological experiences and innovations have augmented these
contributions. As a result, this study examines the importance of forensic
anthropological expertise at the disaster scene and at the morgue, as well as
how forensic anthropologists might use imaging in DVI efforts.
12. Analyzing A Human Skeleton
Like reading a novel, a forensic anthropologist is able to
interpret the evidence found in a skeleton. Skeletons from any
era, ancient or modern, can be identified using the methods they
employ to respond to inquiries in criminal cases. The growth
and development phases of the teeth and bones reveal if the
remains belong to an adult or a youngster. The strongest
indicator of a person's sex is the form of their pelvic bones. A
disease or trauma might be indicated by abnormal changes in
the size, density, and form of bones. The cause of death can be
determined by examining bones that have perimortem trauma,
such as cuts, gunshot holes, or unhealed fractures. Skeletal
traces of ancestry can also be recognized by a skilled
anthropologist.
612 × 433
13. The Bone Collectors
The acquired information is examined and compiled to derive
conclusions regarding the departed person. In a contemporary
instance, pictures of the skull may be placed on pictures of
individuals who have vanished to look For many investigations,
comparing the discovered remains to other human skeletons is
crucial. With more than 30,000 sets of human remains from
communities from all over the world, the National Museum of
Natural History is home to one of the biggest collections of
biological anthropology in the world. Age, sex, ancestry, and
cause of death information are linked to a large number of the
bones. References from individual remains that provide known
biological information are particularly important. These
skeletons have been used by forensic anthropologists to create
guidelines for identifying the gender, age, and ancestry of
unidentified remains.
14. Forensic Analysis on Disasters, Part 3
Today, a rising number of disaster recovery and identification specialists are
devoting their expertise, talents, and research abilities to all elements of
catastrophe victim recovery and identification, personal effects management,
and family aid. Because of the tremendous trauma, fire, and other modifying
forces connected with these types of occurrences, victims of mass disasters are
frequently difficult to identify. Human remains may be in advanced stages of
decomposition by the time responders get at the scene, depending on the
magnitude of the disaster.
15. Forensic Archaeology on Disasters, Part 4 - Mount
Vesuvius Part 1. Bali Info On The Right
Officials at the Herculaneum archeological site
claimed on Thursday that Mount Vesuvius' explosion
transformed the glassy remains of an incinerated
victim's brain, marking the first time experts have
confirmed the phenomena from a volcanic blast.
Human brain tissue is seldom found by
archaeologists, and when it is, it is often smooth and
soapy in substance, according to a New England
Journal of Medicine article describing the find. The
people of Pompeii and nearby Herculaneum perished
instantaneously in the year 79 when Vesuvius erupted,
covering a 20-kilometer (12-mile) radius in ash in a
matter of hours.
In November 2017, the world’s eyes were focused on the tourist island of Bali, Indonesia,
as Agung erupted for the first time since 1963 [Gertisser et al., 2018] (Figure 1). Locals
refer to Gunung Agung, the Bahasa Indonesian term for “great mountain,” as Bali’s “great
volcano.” This latest Balinese eruption and the ensuing ashfall required some 150,000
people to evacuate the area and caused airline flight disruptions and widespread
anxiety.
However, this latest eruption was tame compared to the climactic 1963 crisis, in which
fast-flowing, glowing hot debris avalanches killed at least 1,100 people. Sulfur-rich gas
emitted to the stratosphere during the 1963 event also caused global temperatures to
dip by 0.1°C to 0.4°C [Self and Rampino, 2012].
Now that Agung has shown signs of reawakening, it is imperative that scientists
understand its inner workings (Figure 1). Our international research team has taken on
this challenge. We collected evidence from chemical analysis of volcanic crystals, which
now enables us to reconstruct the magma storage network beneath Agung [Geiger et al.,
2018].
We found magma storage areas at both mantle (~20 kilometers (km)) and shallow
crustal (~5 km) depths beneath Agung. This type of multilevel plumbing system may be
typical of Indonesian volcanoes and could cause magma in shallow reservoirs to
become enriched in silica and volatile compounds containing sulfur or hydrogen, thus
promoting the frequent explosive eruptions observed in the region.
17. Reconstructing the Past, Part 1
Findings from the Smithsonian's biological anthropologists studying historic
human remains are transforming our understanding of the past and how we
conduct research on it. A clearer picture of how individuals lived and died in
colonial America has been made possible by the efforts of Dr. Owsley and Kari
Bruwelheide.
18. Forensic Archaeology on Disasters, Part 5 - Mount
Vesuvius Part 2. + Pompeii Info on the Right
In the 1960s, the bones of a guy who was laying on a
wooden bed were found at Herculaneum, which is
nearer Vesuvius than Pompeii. It is thought that he
was the keeper of the Collegium Augustalium, a
house of worship.
According to a study published in the New England
Journal of Medicine, a team led by forensic
anthropologist Pier Paolo Petrone of Federico II
University in Naples concluded that the victim's brain
matter had been vitrified, a process in which tissue is
burned at a high temperature and turned into glass.
The pieces appeared as broken pieces of glossy
black substance scattered inside pieces of the
victim's skull.
The instant Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 C.E., the majority
of the Roman residents of Herculaneum were doomed. A
cloud of heated volcanic ash engulfed the town and
neighboring Pompeii in a matter of hours after sweeping
down the flank of the well-known Italian volcano and racing
over the countryside. Numerous deaths occurred. The
graphic details of what transpired to their bodies when the
scorching ash landed are revealed in two recent
investigations.
The bones of nearly 300 persons killed by the volcano were
discovered during Herculaneum excavations in the 1980s
and 1990s, primarily in a dozen stone shelters adjacent to
the town's seashore where boats were kept.
19. What Holds for the Future?
Recent studies have concentrated on
improving computer and associated
technology utilization as well as specific
attempts to elucidate the distinction
between soft and hard tissues. While art
and science continue to coexist in facial
approximation, new developments have
reinforced the scientific basis.
20. Forensic Archaeology on Disasters, Part 6 - Mount
Vesuvius Part 3.
The greatest temperature found by analyzing the neighboring burnt wood is 520 C (968 F).
According to the study, "this suggests that intense radiant heat was able to ignite body fat and vaporize soft
tissue."
According to the report, the resultant hardened spongy mass discovered in the victim's chest bones is likewise
distinct from that of other archeological sites and can be likened to the victims of more recent historical
occurrences such as the World War II firebombing of Dresden and Hamburg.
The intense heat burst was followed by a sharp drop in temperature, the scientists claimed, which vitrified the
brain material.
21. Reconstructing the Past, Part 2.
For instance, the wife of the governor of St. Mary's City, the first English colony
in Maryland, was a rich woman who received inadequate treatment for a thigh
bone fracture. At the time, there were no possibilities for the kinds of therapies
that are employed today, such as screws and traction. It's possible that the
therapies that were available—such as medications containing arsenic—made
things worse. This woman's preserved hair revealed through chemical tests that
she had consumed this poison.
22. Summary
Many of the slides have basically covered disasters that has happened around the world in a bigger coverage while still explaining the insides that may happen before or after one as
well. This shows how things could be even prevented and how some more insight could be caused on how to even possibly change a natural disaster while seeing the insides of one
to never happen again.
Sources:
https://disasterphilanthropy.org/disasters/
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/
https://www.azolifesciences.com/article/Forensic-Identification-in-Mass-Disasters.aspx
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8746669/
https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/199758.pdf
https://naturalhistory.si.edu/education/teaching-resources/social-studies/forensic-anthropology
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6374934/
https://www.science.org/content/article/studies-reveal-gruesome-last-moments-pompeii-volcano-s-victims
https://eos.org/science-updates/forensic-probe-of-balis-great-volcano
