The presentation is about the relationship between photography & representation in the area of digital culture

1. PHOTOGRAPHY & REPRESENTATION DANNI ZHANG

4. commercial

7. P H O T O G R A P H Y The definition of photography “photography was poised for a new phase of expansion into advertising. journalism, and the domestic market. Understanding the role of photography means understanding the ‘ truth’ in the reality.” (Tagg, 1988) The word photography is based on the Greek (photos) "light" and (graphé) "representation by means of lines" or "drawing", together meaning "drawing with light".

9. P H O T O G R A P H Y Taking pictures at night or indoor Taking pictures in daytime and outdoor

10. Each one here has the experience of shooting pictures either for other people or for ourselves 1.Q: Where and when do we usually take pictures? A: daytime & outdoor 2.Q: how do we snap a picture at night? A: flash P H O T O G R A P H Y Light Drawing

11. P H O T O G R A P H Y Some key points from the reader: Photographs functioned as a means of record and a source of evidence. (Tagg, 1988) wars

12. The development of a city or state Dubai today Dubai in 1990 Dubai in 2003

13. Big events ★ Beijing Olympics in 2008 The Founding Ceremony of China in 1949 ★Photography is one of the new media forms that changes perception and changes the structure of society

14. P H O T O G R A P H Y 2. “Photography loses its special status and becomes no more than visual information and once date is gathered exclusively by video cameras and paper based photography will have disappeared both as a technology and as a medium- specific aesthetic”. (Batchen, 1997) A: personally, I think there are two reasons for this. Firstly, it’s due to rapid development of the device. The image of early camera is formed on the surface of the silver plate that looks like a mirror. It can easily be rubbed off with the fingers and will oxidize in the air, therefore, the image is quite precious. However, the image of digital camera nowadays is electronic, people can see or delete it whenever they want.

15. P H O T O G R A P H Y CAMERAS Digital camera Daguerreotypes it is based on the hardware configuration of the sensor and color filters. digital images that can be stored on a computer, displayed on a screen, and printed. Its image exposed directly onto a mirror -polished surface of silver, housed in a velvet-lined folding case.

16. P H O T O G R A P H Y CAMERAS Mobile shooting with iphone 3GS

17. P H O T O G R A P H Y A: Secondly, the points of emphasis has changed as well. Modern photography has raised a number of concerns on its impact on society. According to Tagg (1988), he claims that “Photography are never ‘evidence’ of history; they are themselves the historical”. This may disappoint many Photographers or viewers. However, it is the consequence of the development of science and technology. We should think about it critically and consider it as a revolution of photography

18. P H O T O G R A P H Y 3. Myths and beliefs Balza concluded that when someone had his pictures taken, the photograph removed one of the spectral layers from the body .(Balza, 1842) Since deguerretypes were rendered on a mirrored surface, many spiritualists also became practitioners of the new art form. Spiritualists would claim that the human image on the mirrored surface was akin to looking into one‘s soul. They also believed that it would open their souls and let demons in. Aborigines believed that taking one's picture took part of one's soulaway (wikepedia,April,2009http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daguerreotype accessed 18, August,2010 )

19. REPRESENTATION © 2008 www.PresentationLoad.com

20. R E P R E S E N T A T I O N The representation is various , what you see is not always true even mislead views to trust the complicated world. While some people argue that photography is a subjective form of representation. Due to the change of photography, the representation is changing inevitably. There are some examples of modern photographic representations as following:

21. R E P R E S E N T A T I O N ★ Sundry meaning Silent? Devout? Expiation?

22. R E P R E S E N T A T I O N ★ abstract Color glass? pudding?

23. R E P R E S E N T A T I O N ★ obfuscation umbrella? weather? lady?

24. R E P R E S E N T A T I O N ★ Concept

25. R E P R E S E N T A T I O N The photography is a subjective form of representation,becausephotographers decide what to take a photo of, what elements to exclude and what angle to frame the photo The representation of photography is to turn people into objects that can be symbolically possessed , not always to prestent the truth To some extent, the presentation is no longer a mark of celebration but a burden of subjection. (Tagg, 1988) Never trust what the pictures show

26. R E P R E S E N T A T I O N As I have metioned, the representation of photography is various, there are mainly 3 different types of representation. Art Commercial Documentary

27. R E P R E S E N T A T I O N During the twentieth century, art photography representation became accepted by the English-speaking world and the gallery system. Many artists argued that photography was the mechanical reproduction of an image. If photography is authentically art, then photography in the context of art would need redefinition, such as determining what component of a photograph makes it beautiful to the viewer.

28. R E P R E S E N T A T I O N Commercial photography presentation is probably best defined as any photography for which the photographer is paid for images rather than works of art. In this light money could be paid for the subject of the photograph or the photograph itself. Wholesale, retail, and professional uses of photography would fall under this definition.

29. R E P R E S E N T A T I O N Documentary photography representation usually refers to a popular form of photography used to chronicle significant and historical events. It is typically covered in professional photojournalism. The photographer attempts to produce truthful, objective, and usually candid photography of a particular subject, most often pictures of people. The term documentary applied to photography antedates the mode or genre itself. Photographs meant to accurately describe otherwise unknown, hidden, forbidden, or difficult-to-access places or circumstances date

30. C O N C L U S I O N In the era of new media, photography still plays a significant role in the world as whatever art photography or commercial photography. It is one of the new media forms that changes perception and changes the structure of society. From John Tagg ‘s article, it reminds readers about the socio-political issues that photographers actively confronted at that time in order to argue the sociological underpinnings of photographs and heighten the significance of contextual readings for the photographic image. Meanwhile, strong foundation for an understanding of how representation and photography, whatever its form, interact today.

31. C O N C L U S I O N However, Roger (1981) argues that “photography is not a mode of representation. And photography might even be thought of as having replaced painting as a mode of visual representation.” Personally , I do not agree with him, as I think photography and representation is interdependent, however, we should do more research on the relationship between photography and representation.

32. References Batchen, Geoffrey. (1997) ‘Epitaph’ in Burning With Desire: The Conception of Photography, Cambridge, MA:MIT press, pp206-219 Tagg, John.(1988) ‘Evidence, Truth and Order: Photographic Records and the Growth of the State’ in John Tagg.(1993) The burden of Representation : Essays on Photographies and Histories, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp.60- 65 Roger Scruton.(1981) Critical Inquiry. Vol.7, No.3 The University of Chicagao Press, pp577-603 wikepedia,April,2009http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daguerreotype accessed 18, August,2010

33. THANK YOU !