An ontology formally represents knowledge as concepts and relationships within a domain. It defines classes and subclasses of concepts, as well as properties and instances of classes. An ontology uses a structured format like RDF triples to define these components and can be used to model and reason about a domain. Popular ontology languages include RDF, RDFS, and OWL, which allow linking open data from different sources using common identifiers.
2. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
In computer science and information science, an ontology
formally represents knowledge as a set of concepts within a
domain, and the relationships between pairs of concepts. It can be
used to model a domain and support reasoning about concepts.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)
3. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
In computer science and information science, an ontology
formally represents knowledge as a set of concepts within a
domain, and the relationships between pairs of concepts. It can be
used to model a domain and support reasoning about concepts.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)
computer science
information science
ontology
knowledge
set of concepts
concepts
domain
relationships reasoning
subject ofsubject of
representation
of
contains
contains
contains
contains
description of
makes
use of
supports
5. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Classes
(concepts, types, universals)
Apple
Pome
sub class of
Fruit
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar Golden
Delicious
sub class of
sub class of
6. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Instances
(individuals, particulars)
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar Golden
Delicious
sub class of
sub class of
7. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Instances
(individuals, particulars)
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar Golden
Delicious
sub class of
sub class of
8. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Instances
(individuals, particulars)
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar Golden
Delicious
sub class of
sub class of
The apple in
my lunch box
type
The apple on
the tree
in my garden
type
9. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar Golden
Delicious
sub class of
sub class of
The apple in
my lunch box
type
The apple on
the tree
in my garden
type
10. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar Golden
Delicious
sub class of
sub class of
The apple in
my lunch box
type
The apple on
the tree
in my garden
type
11. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar Golden
Delicious
sub class of
sub class of
The apple in
my lunch box
type
The apple on
the tree
in my garden
type
12. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pome
Fruit
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class of
Elstar Golden
Delicious
sub class of
sub class of
The apple in
my lunch box
type
The apple on
the tree
in my garden
type
13. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pome
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class
Elstar Golden
Delicious
sub cla
sub class of
The apple in
my lunch box
type
The apple o
the tree
in my garde
type
14. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Components of an Ontology
Relations
Apple
Pome
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class
Elstar Golden
Delicious
sub cla
sub class of
The apple in
my lunch box
type
The apple o
the tree
in my garde
type
has colour
red
location
my lunch box
15. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Ontology Languages
Triples
The apple in
my lunch box
Apple
Pome
sub class of
sub class of
Pear
sub class
Elstar Golden
Delicious
sub cla
sub class of
type
The apple o
the tree
in my garde
type
has colour
red
location
my lunch box
20. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Ontology Languages
RDF
(Resource Description Framework)
SUBJECT PREDICATE OBJECT
Elstar sub class of Apple
Elstar label “Elstar”
Apple label “Apple”
Apple total production 69,569,612
URI
(or blank node)
URI
URI
Literal
(number/string)
http://example.com/Elstar http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#subClassOf http://example.com/Apple
ex:Elstar rdfs:subClassOf ex:Apple
21. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Vocabularies
RDF W3C Conceptual Description Method
RDFS W3C Basic elements for Ontologies
OWL W3C Ontologies
Dublin Core DCMI Metadata Discovery
AgroVoc FAO Food, Nutrition, Fisheries, Forestry, ...
Ontology of Measures FBR Units, Quantities, Scales, ...
Friend Of A Friend FOAF Biographic data, relations, ...
Gene Ontology GO consortium Gene and gene product attributes
Ontology of Astronomical Object
Types IVOA Astronomical object Types
22. COMMIT/ E-FOODLAB
Data
DBpedia
Data taken from info boxes in
Wikipedia
Geonames Geographical information
BBC Programmes TV Programmes, series, ...
DBLP Computer Science
Bibliography
Bibliographic metadata
DrugBank
Chemical, pharmacological and
pharmaceutical data
data.gov.uk Public data related to policy