Lumps and bumps can have various causes and characteristics. A thorough history and physical examination is important to evaluate lumps. The history should explore location, duration, onset, associated symptoms, and changes over time. Examination considers location, size, shape, surface, consistency, pulsation, compressibility, fluctuation, and mobility. Additional tests like imaging, aspiration, or biopsy may be needed to determine if a lump is congenital, traumatic, inflammatory, or neoplastic in nature. A careful evaluation of lumps can provide clues to diagnose the underlying condition.

1. LUMPS AND BUMPS
PRESENTER : AININ SORAYA BINTI MOHAMAD
SUPERVISOR : DR SHAHIR

2. Lumps: vague mass of body tissue
History
- Site
- Duration
- Mode of onset
- Associted symptoms: Pain, fever, LOA, LOW
- Progress swelling
- impairement Function

3. Examination
Site
- Anatomical location
- Relationship with surrounding structures
Size
Shape
Surface
- Appearance
- Colour

4. Consistency
- hard : chondroma, osteoma, carcinoma
- firm : fibroma, cyst
- soft : lipoma
Pulsatility
- suggesting of vascular origin
- Determine whether the pulsation originates from lump or from nearby vessels
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm

5. Compressibility and reducibility
- compresibility : lumps can be emptied by pressure but reappear
spontaneously on releaseof pressure(saphena varix, varicose vein)
- Reducibility: lumps disappear with pressure and do not returnspontaneously
Fluctuation
- put finger on either side of lump, opposite each other. Press with one finger
and feel whether lump bounces against other finger

6. Mobility
- assess mobility of swelling with underlying mucle both relaxed and contracted
Transillumination
- positive in swelling containing clear fluid(simple cyst, hydrocele, cystic
hygroma)
Percussion
- resonant in gas filled swelling, dullness in fluid filled swelling

7. Auscultation
- bruits, murmur (vascular lesion or areas with abnormally inceased blood
supply

8. DIAGNOSIS OF SWELLING
Congenital : hemangioma, cystic hygroma, meningocele
Traumatic: hematoma, fracture, dislocation
Inflammatory :
- 5 signs (redness, pain, heat, swelling, impairment function)
- Cellulitis, abscess, carbuncle, sebaceous cyst, septic arthritis, septic bursitis

9. Neoplastic
- Benign : grows slowly, encapsulated, freely move, not infiltrates to
surrounding tissue
- Malignant : grows rapidly, metastasis to regional LN or distant organ

11. Investigation
FBC, ESR, CRP
Aspiration and examination
Xray
US
CT scan
Excision biopsy
FNAC