8. WHAT IS
HYPERTENSION ?
From the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, but there is some
controversy over this definition (Bell KJL, et al, JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(6):755-757). Other
professional associations define hypertension as a systolic pressure diastolic pressure iety of
Hypertension (ISH), as well as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
9. WHAT IS
HYPERTENSION ?
From the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, but there is some
controversy over this definition (Bell KJL, et al, JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(6):755-757). Other
professional associations define hypertension as a systolic pressure diastolic pressure iety of
Hypertension (ISH), as well as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
21. Signs and Symptoms
Nonspecific symptoms of hypertension
● Headaches (especially in the early morning or waking
headache)
● Flushed appearance
● Dizziness
● Tinnitus
● Blurred vision
26. Diagnostic Criteria
The diagnosis of hypertension is made when at least three of the
following diagnostic criteria are met:
● Accurate measurement of BP
● Assessment of cardiovascular risk
● Assessment about secondary hypertension
37. PROGNOSIS
● The prognosis depends on blood pressure control and is favorable
only if the blood pressures attain adequate control;
however, complications may develop in some patients as
hypertension is a progressive disease.
● Adequate control and lifestyle measures only serve to delay the
development and progression of sequelae such as chronic kidney
disease and renal failure.
39. PROGNOSIS
● Detailed education regarding lifestyle modification and
pharmacological therapy is the key to success for better control of
blood pressure and to prevent complications.
● Weight management, physical activity, limiting
alcohol/tobacco/smoking is a critical strategy to decrease
cardiovascular risk
41. References
1. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, Agabiti Rosei E, Azizi M, Burnier M, Clement DL, Coca A, de Simone G, Dominiczak A, et al.
2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the Management Of Arterial
Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens.
2018;36:1953–2041.
2. Global Burden of Disease Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84
behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories,
1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392:1923–1994.
3. Beaney T, Burrell LM, Castillo RR, Charchar FJ, Cro S, Damasceno A, Kruger R, Nilsson PM, Prabhakaran D, Ramirez AJ, et al,
MMM Investigators. May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood
pressure by the International Society of Hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2019;40:2006–2017.
4. Beaney T, Schutte AE, Tomaszewski M, Ariti C, Burrell LM, Castillo RR, Charchar FJ, Damasceno A, Kruger R, Lackland DT, et
al. May Measurement Month 2017: an analysis of blood pressure screening results worldwide. Lancet Glob Health.
2018;6:e736-e743.
5. Nerenberg KA, Zarnke KB, Leung AA, Dasgupta K, Butalia S, McBrien K, Harris KC, Nakhla M, Cloutier L, Gelfer M.
Hypertension Canada’s 2018 guidelines for diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults
and children. Can J Cardiol. 2018;34:506–525.
