The document provides information about the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Council at the Java Model United Nations 2016 conference. The OIC is an intergovernmental organization with 57 member states that aims to safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world. At the conference, Faruq Arjuna Hendroy will serve as the Director of the OIC Council along with two co-directors. The document outlines their qualifications and experience with MUN conferences. The Director expects delegates at the OIC Council to have lively debates and work to produce solutions to help resolve global issues.

2. Greetings from Secretary General of
JavaMUN 2016
Dear Delegates and Young Leaders,
On behalf of all the committees, Welcome to
Java Model United Nations 2016! It is an
honor for me to serve as your
Secretary-General of Java MUN 2016. This year Java MUN will be held on
16 – 19 May 2016 at Grand Serpong Hotel in Tangerang, Banten. This
year conference will be the 3rd Java MUN which has been successfully
held in the last two occasions. For the past two years and entering our
third, Java MUN has been acknowledging many brilliant youth from all
around the globe. The conference will be serving young leaders as a
platform to enhance their skill of diplomacy and trading ideas. We also
aim to engage young people from different backgrounds and embrace
the differences to join and contribute in solving the issues that will be
brought to the table. Contributing as a development platform for youth,
all the committees have put their best effort to manage and ensure to
welcome and leave all delegates with unforgettable experiences.
Therefore we would like to invite all delegates to join our 3rd annual Java
MUN 2016 and we look forward to welcome all delegates on May 2016.
Best regards,
Sarah Septarini
Secretary-General of Java Model United Nations 2016

3. Greetings from Board of Directors of OIC
Dear Delegates!
It is a great pleasure to welcome you all to Java
Model United Nations 2016, especially to the most
exclusive council, Organization of Islamic Cooperation
(OIC). My name is Mr. Faruq Arjuna Hendroy. I will serve
you as the director of this council. I am currently the
fourth-year student of State Islamic University (UIN)
Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, majoring in International Relations study. During my
period of study, i have been doing some MUN’s both locally and internationally. I joined
ISC Diplomatic Course IV and won the most outstanding delegate award in 2013. Next,
I participated in Java MUN 2014 and Nanyang Technological University MUN 2014. In
2015, I was appointed as the director of OIC Council of Java MUN 2015. And for this
year, i am given the chance again to direct in OIC Council of Java MUN 2016. At this
council, i will be accompanied by two outstanding co-directors, Mr. Mochammad
Dimas Andra Saputra and Ms. Astrid Nadia Rizqieta.
Mr. Dimas is currently the third-year student in Universitas Bakrie, majoring
Industrial Engineering. He has been doing Model United Nations for almost 2,5 years.
He got introduced to the concept of MUNs in 2014 and has been participating and
winning awards since then, including “The Honorable Mention” at Nanyang
Technological University, Singapore, Model United Nations 2015 (NTU MUN 2015),
“Best Delegate” and “Best Position Paper” at Java Model United Nations 2015 (Java
MUN 2015), “The Honorable Mention” at Jogjakarta International Model United
Nations 2014 (JOIN MUN 2014), “The Most Outstanding Delegate” at Jakarta Model
United Nations 2014 (JMUN 2014), Chairing in Jakarta MUN 2015, Chairing in UPN
MUN 2015, and many more MUN’s Workshop that he has been invited as speaker.
Ms. Astrid is now the second-year student of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
majoring in Economic and Development Studies. She has participated in Java MUN
2015 as the delegate of OIC and just visited Singapore to do Nanyang Technological
University MUN 2016.
Well, in the upcoming sessions of the conference, we expect all limitless efforts
from the delegates of OIC to run the council and enliven the atmosphere within it
altogether. The debate will get tough, the conference room might heat up, and the
wonderful delegates surely get eager to be the best. But the delegates of OIC should
remain cool and produce the final solution that will help to restore the problem. See
you in Java MUN 2016! See you in OIC council! 
Best Regards,
Faruq Arjuna Hendroy
Director, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation JavaMUN 2016

4. RUNDOWN JAVAMUN 2016
16 – 19 May 2016
Grand Serpong Hotel, Tangerang, Banten Indonesia
Date Time Activity
Mon,May16,2016
11.00-14.00 Registrasi and Check In Delegates
14.00-15.00 Opening Ceremony
15.00-17.00 Zero Conference and MUN Briefing
17.00-18.30 Break and Preparation for Dinner
18.30-19.30 Dinner
19.30-21.00 Committee Session I
Tue,May17,2016
06.00-08.00 Breakfast
08.00-09.30
Symposium
09.30-09.45
Coffee Break
09.45-11.30
Committee Session II
11.30-13.00 Break and Lunch
13.00-14.30 Committe Session III
14.30-15.00 Coffee Break
15.00-16.30 Committe Session VI
16.30-19.00 Break and Preparation for Social Night
19.00-Finish Social Night
Wed,May18,
2016
06.00-08.00 Breakfast
08.00-17.00 City Tour
17.00-19.00 Break and Preparation Dinner
19.00-20.00 Dinner
Thu,May19,2016
06.00-07.30 Breakfast
07.30-09.45 Committe Session V
09.45-10.00 Coffee Break
10.00-11.00 General Assembly
11.00-12.00 Closing Ceremony
12.00-13.00 Check Out

5. BOARD OF COMMITTEE
JAVAMUN 2016
Steering Committee : Anisa
Secretary General : Sarah Septarini
Secretary : Rorien Novriana
Finance : Zsahwa Maula
USG of Organization : Arum Suci
USG of Delegate Relations : Nurul Hidayati
USG of Media Partner and Sponsorship : Innesyifa Haqien
USG of Substance : Dwi Luthfan Prakoso
USG of Marketing and Publications : M. Yudistira Muria
Staff of the USG of Organization:
 Chesa Helsin Qiswin
 Dzikri Nur Habibi
 Fadhilah Fatihatullalily
 Felita Fauziah

6.  Kariza Bella
 M. Fikri Aly
 Misbahun Ahadin
 Robiatul Adhawiyah
 Yaqub Al Abror
 Zhafir Muntasir
Staff of the USG of Delegate Relations:
 Husen Haikal
 Khairiah Fajrin
 Yusti Windu
Staff of the USG of Media Partner and Sponsorship:
 Auzan Shaddiq
 Dinda C. Savitry
 Mutiara Zahrani
 Yusi Nurfitirani
Staff of USG of Substance:
 Aisyah
 Astrid Nadia
 Faruq Arjuna H
 M. Ichsan Fadhillah
 Maulida Ayu
Staff of USG of Marketing and Publications:
 Iqbal Maulana Saputra
 Anisa Nur Rohmah
 Fadhli Fernaldy
 Dzul Fadli Rahman

7. About International Studies Club
International Studies Club (ISC) is a non-profit and non-interest student
organization based at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. ISC was formed by
several students from various
departments and faculties who
recognized the importance of
International Studies, which is
very significant to enlarge our
knowledge about the
International World and its
current situation like
international issues, and is
without exception a very
important aspect. Therefore, ISC
has a high concern to
International Studies and could
be considered as an
International Studies oriented
organization. With the desires and efforts of the founding fathers of ISC
who have the same vision and mission, ISC then was established on
August 24th 2011 and was inaugurated in UIN Syarif Hidayatullah
Jakarta. ISC's mission is to highlight international studies and issues and
to develop and to help students to be more aware about international
issues, events, activities, etc. ISC hopes that it could be a tool to all
students who have a wide concern towards the international world, which
has entered a more global era. Along with the development of the global
world, it is very important for every student to be more caring and aware
about how to face the challenges the global world is facing. ISC hopes
that through ISC, students will have and could gather a global
experience.

8. ABOUT JAVA MODEL UNITED NATIONS 2016
Model United Nations (also Model UN or MUN) is an academic simulation of the
United Nations that aims to educate participants about civics, current events,
effective communication, globalization and multilateral diplomacy. In standard Model
UN, students take on roles as diplomats and participate in a simulated session of an
intergovernmental organization (IGO). Participants research a country, take on roles
as diplomats, investigate international issues, debate, deliberate, consult, and then
develop solutions to world problems.
Java Model United Nations conference is an annual agenda to be held by
International Studies Club (ISC) which is a non-profit and non-interest student
organization based at UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia. The Java MUN
conference will be a great field for youth to exchange their brilliant ideas and discuss
about current global issues. The board of committee of Java MUN 2016 expects that
this conference could conduct great and active debates and discussions between
delegates and eventually the delegates are able to create tangible ideas and
solutions for a better world. Java Model United Nations (JavaMUN) 2016 is the third
MUN which organized by ISC, one of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta’s clubs. Since
2014, we brought around a hundred students across regions to talk about several
imperative issues in the world nowadays.
Therefore, this years we bring “Attaining Peace Through Multi-Track
Diplomacy” as our theme. Some people say that to achieve world peace seems
impossible because of the sheer number of people who haven't tamed their ambition
to raise themselves up at the expense of others and who haven't learned to start
from today onward, letting past wrongs committed by both sides remain in the past.
Terrorist attack, genocide, ethnic cleansing, violation against women prove it. State
as a major actor in international relations has been questioned of its role on securing
and enhancing the world peace. Hence another method namely “multi-track
diplomacy” is urgently needed in order to realize of global peace which will not merely
depend only on state actor. Thereby, as we know its emergence is crucial, we would
like to have a further discussion through this year’s JavaMUN 2016.

9. DRES CODE JAVAMUN
Dress code for most of the events: Opening Ceremony, Committee Sessions,
Symposium, Committee Dinner, General Assembly, and Closing Ceremony is
BUSINESS ATTIRE
EXCEPTIONS
Dress code for the City Tour agenda is Casual Outfit
VENUE OF JAVAMUN 2016
Grand Serpong Hotel
M.H. Thamrin KM. 2.7, Panunggangan Utara, Kebon
Nanas, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia 15143

10. About OIC
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) (formerly Organization of the
Islamic Conference) is the second largest inter-governmental organization after the
United Nations with a membership of 57 states spread over four continents. The
Organization is the collective voice of the Muslim world and with the purpose to
safeguard and protect the interests of the Muslim world in the spirit of promoting
international peace and harmony among various people of the world. The Organization
was established upon a decision of the historical summit which took place in Rabat,
Kingdom of Morocco on 12th Rajab 1389 Hijra (25 September 1969) as a result of
criminal arson of Al-Aqsa Mosque in occupied Jerusalem.
In 1970 the first ever meeting of Islamic Conference of Foreign Minister (ICFM)
was held in Jeddah which decided to establish a permanent secretariat in Jeddah. As
of January 2014, the secretariat is headed by the organization’s secretary general. Mr.
Iyad Ameen Madani, who is the 10th Secretary General.
The present Charter of the Organization was adopted by the Eleventh Islamic
Summit held in Dakar on 13-14 March 2008 which laid down the objectives and
principles of the organization and fundamental purposes to strengthen the solidarity
and cooperation among the Member States. Over the last 40 years, the membership
has grown from its founding members of 25 to 57 states. The Organization has the
singular honor to galvanize the Ummah into a unified body and have actively
represented the Muslims by espousing all causes close to the hearts of over 1.5 billion
Muslims of the world. The Organization has consultative and cooperative relations with
the UN and other inter-governmental organizations to protect the vital interests of the
Muslims and to work for the settlement of conflicts and disputes involving Member
States. In safeguarding the true values of Islam and the Muslims, the organization has
taken various steps to remove misperceptions and have strongly advocated
elimination of discrimination against the Muslims in all forms and manifestations.

11. The Member States of the OIC face many challenges in the 21st century and to
address those challenges, the third extraordinary session of the Islamic Summit held
in Makkah in December 2005, laid down the blue print called the Ten-Year Program of
Action which envisages joint action of Member States, promotion of tolerance and
moderation, modernization, extensive reforms in all spheres of activities including
science and technology, education, trade enhancement, and emphasizes good
governance and promotion of human rights in the Muslim world, especially with regard
to rights of children, women and elderly and the family values enshrined by Islam.
Under the Charter, the Organization aims, inter alia, to:
 Enhance and consolidate the bonds of fraternity and solidarity among the
Member States;
 Safeguard and protect the common interests and support the legitimate
causes of the Member States and coordinate and unify the efforts of the
Member States in view of the challenges faced by the Islamic world in
particular and the international community in general;
 Respect the right of self-determination and non-interference in the domestic
affairs and to respect sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of
each Member State;
 Ensure active participation of the Member States in the global political,
economic and social decision-making processes to secure their common
interests;
 Reaffirm its support for the rights of peoples as stipulated in the UN Charter
and international law;
 Strengthen intra-Islamic economic and trade cooperation; in order to achieve
economic integration leading to the establishment of an Islamic Common
Market;
 Exert efforts to achieve sustainable and comprehensive human development
and economic well-being in Member States;
 Protect and defend the true image of Islam, to combat defamation of Islam and
encourage dialogue among civilizations and religions;

12.  Enhance and develop science and technology and encourage research and
cooperation among Member States in these fields;
In order to realize these objectives, Member States shall act, inter alia, in
accordance with the following principles:
 All Member States commit themselves to the purposes and principles of the
United Nations Charter;
 Member States are sovereign, independent and equal in rights and obligations;
 All Member States shall settle their disputes through peaceful means and
refrain from use or threat of use of force in their relations;
 All Member States undertake to respect national sovereignty, independence
and territorial integrity of other Member States and shall refrain from
interfering in the internal affairs of others;
 Member States shall uphold and promote, at the national and international
levels, good governance, democracy, human rights and fundamental freedoms,
and the rule of law.
The Organization is composed of the following main bodies:
The Islamic Summit, composed of Kings and Heads of State and Government
of Member States, is the supreme authority of the Organization. It convenes once
every three years to deliberate, take policy decisions and provide guidance on all
issues pertaining to the realization of the objectives and consider other issues of
concern to the Member States and the Ummah.
The Council of Foreign Ministers, which meets once a year, considers the
means for the implementation of the general policy of the Organization by, inter alia:
a. Adopting decisions and resolutions on matters of common interest in the
implementation of the objectives and the general policy of the Organization;
b. Reviewing progress of the implementation of the decisions and resolutions
adopted at the previous Summits and Councils of Foreign Ministers;

13. The General Secretariat, which is the executive organ of the Organization,
entrusted with the implementation of the decisions of the two preceding bodies.
In order to coordinate and boost its action, align its view points and stands, and
be credited with concrete results in various fields of cooperation -political, economic,
cultural, social, spiritual and scientific- among Member States, the Organization has
created different committees, nearly all, at ministerial level, a number of which are
chaired by Heads of State. The Al-Quds Committee, the Standing Committee for
Information and Cultural Affairs (COMIAC), the Standing Committee for Economic and
Trade Cooperation (COMCEC), and the Standing Committee for Scientific and
Technological Cooperation (COMSTECH) are the ones Chaired by Heads of State.
The number and types of secondary organs and institutions, working toward
the achievement of the OIC objectives, have been steadily increasing, and cover
various areas of cultural, scientific, economic, legal, financial, sports, technological,
educational, media, as well as vocational, social and humanitarian. Depending on
their degree of autonomy vis-à-vis the parent organization, they are classified as
subsidiary organs and specialized or affiliated institutions.
Member States :
1 Republic of Azerbaijan 30 Republic of Somalia
2 Heshemite Kingdom of Jordan 31 Republic of Iraq
3 Islamic republic of Afghanistan 32 Republic of Oman
4 Republic of Albania 33 Republic of Gabon
5 State of the United Arab
Emirates
34 Republic of the Gambiya
6 Republic of Indonesia 35 Republic of Guinea
7 Republic of Uzbekistan 36 Republic of Guinea-Bissau
8 Republic of Uganda 37 State of Palestine
9 Islamic Republic of Iran 38 Union of the Comoros
10 Islamic Republic of Pakistan 39 Kyrgyz Republic
11 Kingdom of Bahrain 40 State of Qatar

14. 12 Brunei Darussalam 41 Republic of Kazakhtan
13 People’s Republic of Bangladesh 42 Republic of Cameroon
14 Republic of Benin 43 Republic of Cote D’Voire
15 Burkina Faso 44 State of Kuwait
16 Republic of Tajikistan 45 Republic of Lebanon
17 Republic of Turkey 46 Libya
18 Turkmenistan 47 Republic of Maldives
19 Republic of Chad 48 Republic of Mali
20 Republic of Togo 49 Malaysia
21 Republic of Tunisia 50 Republic of Guyana
22 People’s Democratic Republic of
Algeria
51 Arab Republic of Egypt
23 Republic of Djibouti 52 Kingdom of Morocco
24 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 53 Islamic Republic of Mauritania
25 Republic of Senegal 54 Republic of Mozambique
26 Republic of Sudan 55 Republic of Niger
27 Syirian Arab Republic 56 Federal Republic of Nigeria
28 Republic of Suriname 57 Republif of Yemen
29 Republic of Sierra Leone
Observer :
States
1. Bosnia and Herzegovina
2. Central African Republic
3. Kingdom of Thailand
4. The Russian Federation
5. Turkish Cypriot State
Muslim Communities : Moro National Liberal Front

15. TOPIC AREA A:
PROMOTING ISLAM NUSANTARA AS A CONCEPT OF RELIGIOUS
TOLERANCE
Since its very first emergence 14 centuries ago, Islam has been spreading
worldwide. By various methods, Islam has successfully reached the territories which
are even million km(s) far away from its birthplace. Classically, Islam was spread via
trade relations, conquest, and da’wa mission. Entering the globalization era, Islam
could be preached more massively due to the availability of more open access. The
number of Islamic believers (Muslims) go up time after time thanks to the advanced
quality of information and communication in the digital era. As result, it is no longer
difficult now to locate Muslim communities in the new lands, despite the fact that
they live as minority.
Muslims’s existence as minority group has different stories, according to where
they settle. In some countries which government type is authoritarian, there happens
discrimination. Muslim’s status as the minority group compels them to restricts their
moves. The minority Muslims are obligated to adapt with the local tradition in order to
keep being allowed to worship. In more extreme way, they are oppressed politically,
economically, and socially. Uighur Muslims of China could be the best example.
However, Minority Muslims in some other places can co-exist with the majority, and
live in harmony and respectful life. This co-existence might occur in the countries
which apply democratic type of government. Moreover, since democracy offers the
freedom, Muslim community can freely introduce Islam to the local citizens. In other
words, democracy system help the spread of Islam. Islam in the United States could
be the best example of this case.
In recent years, Islam faces the serious challenges. In general, the challenges lie
on two sectors; internal and external. The internal challenge is radicalization and lack
of mutual dialogue within Islam which triggered the long-lasting conflict and civil war.
While the external challenge is hatred, prejudice, and resistance against Islam. We
are going to elaborate more deeply those internal and external challenges.

16. Middle East region could be regarded as the home to Islam. The region witnessed
the emergence of Islam and its growth at the very beginning of the Islamic centuries.
But the region today is dispirit. Middle East becomes the bloodthirsty region where
thousands to millions people, both combatants and civilians, die for nothing. Putting
aside the effort of dialogue, the Middle East actors prefer the use of violence in
overcoming the difference. What’s obvious today is Sunni-Shia split that has
sacrificed the stability in Syria and Iraq. The sectarian split is also dragged to Yemen
in a few months ago. To make it worse, some cases point out that the use of violence
in eliminating the other groups -which include fellow Muslims and non-Muslims- is
‘justified’ under unjustified interpretation of Islamic rules. We could take a close look
at how Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) slaughtered without discrimination fellow
Muslims and non-Muslims who reject to abide by their rules, running the state like
the gangsters instead of statesmen. Dealing with the differences through the use of
violence has brought radicalization into Islam.
In the meantime, entering the 21st century, there was a shocking incident that
aggravated image of Islam. On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with
Al-Qaeda hijacked four planes and committed attacks against some targets in the
United States. Two of the planes smashed World Trade Center (WTC), the third plane
struck Pentagon, and the fourth plane crashed into Pennsylvania. The attack resulted
in the death of 3.000 people which included 400 cops and firefighters. This event is
well-known throughout the world as 9/11 tragedy, forcing Bush administrative to
declare war on terror.
9/11 tragedy resulted in increasing Islamophobia within Westerns societies. This
could be possible due to the role of media to spread the news about the tragedy
worldwide. Islamophobia is defined as act of fears and hostilities toward followers of
Islamic religion. It secludes Muslims from political arena and social classes through
hate speech and pre-assumption of crime. Here are the examples of discrimination
more or less carried out upon Muslims;

17. * Physical or verbal attacks on property, places of worship, and
people—especially those who display a visible manifestation of their religious identity
such as women wearing the hijab or niqab.
* Verbal or online threats of violence, vilification, and abuse.
* Policies or legislation that indirectly target or disproportionately affect Muslims,
and unduly restrict their freedom of religion, such as bans on wearing visible religious
and cultural symbols, laws against facial concealment, and bans on building
mosques with minarets.
* Discrimination in education, employment, housing, or access to goods and
services.
* Ethnic and religious profiling and police abuse, including some provisions of
counterterrorism policing.
* Public pronouncements by some journalists and politicians—across the whole
political spectrum—that stigmatize Muslims as a group and disregard their positive
contributions to the communities and countries in which they live.
So as to counter those challenges, Organization of Islamic Cooperation must take
the necessary action. Indonesia, as the country with the biggest Muslim population in
the world, promotes a concept called Islam Nusantara. Islam Nusantara is the
concept introduced by Nahdhatul Ulama (NU), one of Indonesia’s biggest Islamic
mass organization. According to Akhmad Sahal, Islam Nusantara is initially created to
counter the transnational ideological thoughts of Islam which are confronting
Indonesia’s local tradition and bringing unfriendly model of Islam. NU believed that
the notion of Islamic characteristic embedded in Indonesia is supposed to be like
what Wali Songo* and the earlier Indonesia’s Ulama taught, which is identical with
openness, friendliness, and conformity with the local tradition. Besides, it also
promotes tolerance and peace as opposed to use of violence. Historically, Islam in
* Wali Songo is a group of preachers consisting of 9 holy-regarded persons. They are known to be the first Islamic
preachers in Java Island.

18. Indonesia was disseminated through cultural approach rather than armed conquest.
The local tradition was not eradicated, but being embraced and filled with Islamic
values. It negates the notion that the approach used by Muslims in their interactions
with other groups is anti-cultural, intolerant, and violent. As result, Indonesians
accept Islam, making Indonesia the country with the biggest Muslim population in the
world.
A Muslim scholar of Indonesia, Azyumardi Azra, said Islam Nusantara has the
moderate characteristic. It prioritizes “the middle way” in practicing Islam. It does not
tend to the extreme right or left. Specifically, moderate means balance,
inclusiveness, tolerance, peaceful co-existence with other religious groups, and
compatibility with democracy. Therefore, the spirit and characteristic of Islam
Nusantara, according to Azra, must be internationalized to help reduce the
religion-based conflict that globally took place in the recent time.
Islam Nusantara has been brought to international forum. In July 2015, a group
of religious leaders, observers, diplomats, and public figures gather in UN
headquarter, New York, to discuss about Islam Nusantara. The representatives of
various countries who attend the forum have the opportunities to know more deeply
about Islam Nusantara and its contribution in keeping the peace and suppressing the
violence. Islam Nusantara is expected to be the role model for other countries in
dealing with religious differences.
The active promotor of Islam Nusantara, Said Aqil Siradj, promises more
convincing thing. Responding to Saudi-Iran high tension due to Nimr execution, Said
believes that the high tension between the two states is alarming because both
Saudi Arabia and Iran are the representatives of Islamic world. If the tension
escalated, the war is unavoidable. So the rest of Islamic world will get impacted. That
is why Islam Nusantara could be the best formula to reduce the tension of both, he
claimed.i Islam Nusantara teaches peace which pursues the conflict resolution
through mutual dialogue. It also teaches tolerance which accommodates the
differences and respect diversities in order to prevent the future conflict.

19. In summary, Islam Nusantara is characterized by peace and tolerance. It needs
to bear in mind that it is not to say the other countries have to apply the daily Islamic
tradition and teaching practiced by Indonesian Muslims. Islam Nusantara only
highlights the peaceful and tolerant principle Muslims in all over the world could hold
on to. The reason Islam Nusantara is introduced by Indonesia is to portray that Islam
is peaceful and tolerant, as opposed to violence, in order to reduce the probability of
escalated internal split as well as to counter people’s prejudice on Islam.
Question a Resolution Must Answer (QARMAs)
1. Organization of Islamic Cooperation has received Indonesia’s proposal about Islam
Nusantara and its main principles. After doing long discussion later, will OIC member
states recognize the concept and apply it on state level?
2. Islam Nusantara highlights two main principles which are peace and tolerance. In
cases of violation against peace and tolerance committed by member states and
non-state actors within the member states, what will OIC eventually do?
3. Considering that some effortts in order to reach peace and tolerance have been
attempted previously such as interfaith dialogue, cultural studies, international
seminar on peace and tolerance, etc, does OIC member states still require Islam
Nusantara?
References:
Aaron Rese, 2013, Sectarian and Regional Conflict in the Middle East, USA: Institute for Studies of
War, page 9.
See http://www.history.com/topics/9-11-attacks
Dalal Al-Shammary, 2013, Islamophobia, Central Connecticut State University: International Journal of
Humanities and Social Sciences, page 177.
See https://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/explainers/islamophobia-europe
See http://koranopini.com/tokoh/wawancara/wawancara-eksklusif-bersama-akhmad-sahal-perihal
-islam-nusantara
See http://www.bbc.com/indonesia/berita_indonesia/2015/06/150614_indonesia_islam_nusantara
See http://khazanah.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-nusantara/15/07/07/nr3kq7-wajah-
islam-indonesia-jadi-bahasan-pbb
See http://khazanah.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-nusantara/16/01/07/o0kenr394-nu-
ingatkan- konflik-iransaudi-jangan-jadi-wahabisyiah

20. TOPIC AREA B:
ENFORCING PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT ON YEMENI CRISIS
A. Yemeni Crisis and Current Situation
a. Background
Yemen was a poor country with a government widely acknowledged to be
corrupt, with a large amount of weapons in private hands. By 2011, the country was
already facing challenges from al Qaeda-linked militants and separatists in the south
and Zaydi Shia rebels in the north. Yemen had only been unified since 1990, and deep
divisions persisted between the north and south.
The political instability has been compounded and partly caused by the severe
ecological crisis in the country. This water insecurity has a direct impact on political
stability. Other factors that contribute to the turmoil in Yemen were the high corruption
rate and the high unemployment rate.
All of the factors above contribute to the commencement of Yemen's political
crisis in 2011, amid the Arab Spring and the ongoing Houthi insurgency. Popular
protests broke out in early 2011, led by both secular and Islamist opposition groups.
Longtime rebel groups like the Houthis and the Southern Movement also participated
in the protests. Saleh responded with a violent crackdown, and the country nearly
disintegrated into an all-out civil war as several army elements broke with the
government and joined the protesters, beginning in March.
The Yemeni Revolution briefly described previously came to an apparently
successful conclusion in 2012 for the opposition, as Saleh left office. However, unrest
continued in both northern and southern Yemen. A presidential election was held in
Yemen on 21 February 2012. Acting President Abd Rabbuh Mansur al-Hadi was the
only candidate in the election. He was sworn in as president of Yemen on 25 February
2012 in the Presidential Palace.

21. When many people believed that Yemen has been relatively safe since the
2012 election, Yemen is now under fire, again. The insurgency was ignited by Houthi,
and then responded by Mansur Hadi administration’s allied groups and countries. The
Houthi takeover, which initially came into surface during the 2011 riots, eventually
began on 18 August 2014 as the Houthis took advantage of a
government-implemented removal of fuel subsidies to call for mass protests. On 21
September, as the Houthis took control of Sana'a, the Yemeni Army did not formally
intervene, other than troops affiliated with General Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar and the
conservative Sunni Al-Islah Party. After gaining control over key government buildings
in Sana’a, the Houthis and government signed a UN-brokered deal on 21 September
to form a "unity government".
b. Current Situation
In 2015, Houthi forces controlling the capital Sana'a and allied with forces loyal
to the former president Ali Abdullah Saleh have clashed with forces loyal to the
government of Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi, based in Aden. Al-Qaeda in the Arabian
Peninsula (AQAP) and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant have also carried out
attacks, with AQAP controlling swaths of territory in the hinterlands, and along
stretches of the coast.
The unpredicted and successful takeover by Houthi dragged regional actors
into Yemeni battlefield. Saudi Arabia formed a broad military coalition to repel Houthi
and make sure its Yemeni counterpart, Mansur Hadi, back to office. Saudi-led coalition
campaigned the military operation against Houthi-controlled bases in Yemen.
According to Reuters, planes from Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Sudan, Kuwait, the United
Arab Emirates, Qatar, and Bahrain are also taking part in the operation. Meanwhile,
Iran condemned the Saudi-led airstrikes and urged an immediate end to attacks on
Yemen.
Despite the intense scale of war, a few ceasefires has been attempted. A
five-day ceasefire proposed by Saudi Arabia was accepted by the Houthis and their
allies in on 10 May 2015. The ceasefire was intended to allow the delivery of

22. humanitarian aid to the country. The temporary truce began on the night of 12 May to
allow the delivery of food, water, medical, and fuel aid throughout the country.
Subsequently, on the fourth day of the truce, the fragile peace unraveled as
fighting broke out in multiple southern governorates. At least three civilians in Aden
and 12 in Taiz were killed on 16 May, despite the ceasefire. Agence France-Presse
reported that "dozens" were killed in southern Yemen by the clashes, including 26
Houthi and 12 pro-Hadi fighters.
According to residents and aid groups, Houthis have been indiscriminately
firing on the city in recent months and have blocked aid supplies getting through.
Saudi Arabia has also been criticized for its actions by Human Rights Watch. The war
has killed at least 5,884 people since Saudi-led air strikes against the Houthis, which
began on March 2015. Local al-Qaeda affiliates and ISIS have also exploited the
chaos to make inroads into the country’s territory.
In addition, a report by the UN in July 2015 said 80 per cent of the Yemeni
population were now in need of humanitarian assistance and the country was at risk of
famine as the Saudi blockade of its ports continues.
c. Major Countries and Organisations Involved
Allies of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia began carrying out airstrikes in neighboring Yemen on 25 March
2015, the intervention as in response to requests for help from the Yemeni
government of President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi. The request was as a result of a
Houthi offensive aimed at the capital of Yemen; Aden. Consequently, President Hadi
fled Aden, and went to Saudi Arabia for refuge and Saudi Arabia launched airstrikes in
Yemen against the Houthis and forces loyal to former President Ali Abdullah Saleh,
who was resigned in the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings. The military intervention was
them codenamed ‘Operation Decisive Storm’.

23. Allies of Saudi Arabia such as Egypt, Morocco, Jordan, Sudan, the United Arab
Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar and Bahrain are also taking part in the operation and have
sent fighter jets. Many countries, such as China, Malaysia, Pakistan, Philippines,
Somalia, and India have evacuated or plan to evacuate foreign citizens. Many groups
have begun to flee Yemen to countries close by such as Somalia and Djibouti.
On 21 April 2015, Saudi Arabia declared the ending of Operation Decisive
Storm. Instead Saudi Arabia announced that the kingdom and its allies would be
starting political and pace effort in an operation called Restoring Hope. However,
although the kingdom began peace efforts it did not rule out using military force
claiming that they would respond to threat from Houthi soldiers within Yemen.
Airstrikes, shelling and bombing against Houthi militants continued during Restoring
Hope.
Similarly, on 6 April, Qatari Prime Minister Hamad bin Jassim bin Jaber Al Thani
announced that GCC member states "hope to reach a deal with the Yemeni president
to step down". Despite this, on 13 May the prime minister removed Qatar from the
GCC's efforts to attempt to bring an end to the crisis within Yemen, citing "indecision
and delays in the signature of the proposed agreement" and "the intensity of the
clashes".
Allies of Iran
Most other Arab League nations and several Western governments backed the
Saudi Arabia-led military coalition, but other governments such as Iran, Iraq, Kuwait,
and Bahrain and its allies warned against an escalation in the violent situation in
Yemen.
Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif called the military intervention a
"dangerous development which will destabilize a region", and the Foreign Ministry
demanded an immediate halt on all "military aggressions" in Yemen. Iran described
and warned that Riyadh was taking a 'dangerous step' making clear that the Saudi
deployment of a Sunni coalition against Shi'ite enemies would complicate efforts to

24. end a conflict likely to inflame the sectarian animosities fuelling wars around the
Middle East. As for Iraq, Foreign Minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari expressed the Iraqi
government's opposition to the intervention at an Arab League summit on 26 March
2015.
United Nations
On 20 March, UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon encouraged the Yemeni
government for bold reforms and participate in peace talks as well as ceasefires with
the opposition. The Secretary General also condemned any governmental violence
against the protesters. On the 25th of July a UN special envoy warned that "Yemen is
suffering from the collapse of the state" and suggested that there should be
communication for ceasefire between both parties. On 9 August, the United Nations
Security Council issued a statement encouraging peace talks between both parties
within Yemen in attempt to end the horrendous violence within Yemen and allow
humanitarian aid to enter Yemen and be given to civilians.
d. Previous Attempts to solve the Issue
On February 15, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted
Resolution 2201 aimed at resolving the crisis in Yemen.
The resolution called both sides to increase their efforts in trying to solve the
dispute through dialogue as well as the implementation of the agreements built on the
initiative of the Gulf Cooperation Council, the National Dialogue Conference, the
United Nations-mediated Peace and National Partnership Agreement.
Most countries within the United Nations have supported the mediation efforts
by the UN special envoy to Yemen believing that it was the only solution to the Yemen
crisis. The resolution provides an inclusive, peaceful, organised as well as a Yemeni
led political transition process that satisfies the genuine demands and hopes of the
Yemeni people for peaceful change as well as economic and social improvements
within the nation.

25. e. Question a Resolution Must Answer (QARMAs)
1. What measures must be taken in order to bridge between the two groups that
play a role in the Yemeni issue?
2. What position can be adopted by international community in regard to the
ongoing crisis?
3. What is your country’s position in regard to such efforts and how would it
benefit for your country?
4. What would the possible setbacks be and what can be done to overcome the
hurdles that prevent the measures required to be taken?
Reference:
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_%282015%E2%80%93present%29
See http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2015/01/yemen-crisis-201512010294461878.html
See
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yemen-crisis-saudi-arabia-ends-formal-ceasefire-wit
h- houthi-rebels-after-40-fighters-are-killed-over-a6795501.html
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen
Middle Eastern Yemen Crisis Resolution, 14th April 2015 (2216)
Yemen Transition Agreement (GCC deal), 23rd November 2011
i
See http://khazanah.republika.co.id/berita/dunia-islam/islam-nusantara/16/01/07/o0kenr394-nu-
ingatkan- konflik-iransaudi-jangan-jadi-wahabisyia