traction and splints in ortho

1. Page 1
Topic - SPLINT AND TRACTION

2. Page 2
27.Cock up splint in used ie- (PGMEE 2015)
a. Median nerve injury
b. Radial nerve injury
c. Ulnar nerve injury
d. Volkraan's ischemic contracture

7. TURN BUCKLE SPLINT
Dreamz Learning Innovations_____________________________________________ Page 7

8. ALUMINIUM FINGER
SPLINT

9. Page 9
27.Cock up splint in used ie- (PGMEE 2015)
a. Median nerve injury
b. Radial nerve injury
c. Ulnar nerve injury
d. Volkraan's ischemic contracture
Ans.b

10. Page 10
28.Functional cast bracing not used in fracture
of- (PGMEE 2015)
a. Humeras
b. Tibia
c. Ulna
d. Thoracolumbar spine

13. • SARMIENTO (1973) POPULARIZED
FUNCTIONAL BRACING
TECHNIQUE FOR TREATING
FRACTURES.
• IN PRINCIPLE, THE TECHNIQUE
CONSISTS OF APPLYING AN
EXTERNAL SPLINT (CALLED A
BRACE) TO A FRACTURED LIMB.
• THE BRACE PROVIDES ADEQUATE
SUPPORT TO THE FRACTURE
WHILE PERMITTING FUNCTION
OF THAT LIMB, UNTIL THE UNION
IS COMPLETE.
• BRACING IS DONE IF THE
REDUCTION OF THE FRACTURE IS
SATISFACTORY, AND THE
SWELLING HAS SUBSIDED –
USUALLY 2-3 WEEKS AFTER THE
INJURY.
• HYDRAULIC PRESSURE WITHIN
THE BRACE, WHICH HELPS IN
MAINTAINING THE FRACTURE
ALIGNMENT.

18. Page 18
28.Functional cast bracing not used in fracture
of- (PGMEE 2015)
a. Humeras
b. Tibia
c. Ulna
d. Thoracolumbar spine
Ans.d

19. Page 19
29.Milwalkee brace is used in treatment of-
a. Scoliosis
b. Kyphosis
c. Cubitus varus
d. Genu varum

20. MILWALKEE BRACE

21. BOSTONS BRACE

22. • RISSERS LOCALISER
CAST FOR IDIOPATHIC
SCOLIOSIS

23. TLSO:THORACOLUMBOSACRAL ORTHOSIS

24. • 1.CERVICAL SPINE INJURY
FOUR POST COLLOR,SOMI BRACE.
2. ASHE & TAYLORS BRACE-D-L SPINE
3.MILWAUKEE & BOSTON BRACE-
SCOLIOSIS
4.L-S CORSET-LBA
5.COCK UP SPLINT –RN PALSY
6.KNUCLE BENDER SPLINT-ULNAR N
7.VOKLMAN SPLINT-VIC
8.ALUMINIUM SPLINT-FINGER
IMMMOBILISATION

25. Page 25
29.Milwalkee brace is used in treatment of-
a. Scoliosis
b. Kyphosis
c. Cubitus varus
d. Genu varum
Ans.a

26. Page 26
30.What about Durham pin is true- (PGMEE
2015)
a. It is used to give skeletal traction
b. It has threads in the centre of pin
c. It is used to give skeletal traction through
calcaneum
d. All the above

27. Dreamz Learning Innovations_____________________________________________ Page 27

30. Page 30
30.What about Durham pin is true- (PGMEE
2015)
a. It is used to give skeletal traction
b. It has threads in the centre of pin
c. It is used to give skeletal traction through
calcaneum
d. All the above
Ans.d

31. Page 31
31,Thomas splint is used for immobilizing
fractures of- (PGMEE 2015)
a. Femur
b. Tibia
c. Radius
d. Ulna

34. Page 34
31,Thomas splint is used for immobilizing
fractures of- (PGMEE 2015)
a. Femur
b. Tibia
c. Radius
d. Ulna
Ans.a

35. Page 35
32.U-slab is given for fracture of- (PGMEE
2014)
a. Femur
b. Radius
c. Tibia
d. Humerus

38. SUGAR TONG SPLINT COAPTATION SPLINT

39. Page 39
32.U-slab is given for fracture of- (PGMEE
2014)
a. Femur
b. Radius
c. Tibia
d. Humerus
Ans.d

40. Page 40
33.Aeroplane splint is used in- (PGMEE
2013)
a. Radial nerve injury
b. Ulnar nerve injury
c. Brachial plexus injury
d. Scoliosis

43. Page 43
33.Aeroplane splint is used in- (PGMEE
2013)
a. Radial nerve injury
b. Ulnar nerve injury
c. Brachial plexus injury
d. Scoliosis
Ans.c

44. Page 44
34.Long compression Is used for which fracture-
(PGMEE 2013)
a. Talus
b. Calcaneum
c. Fibula
d. Femur

45. MAX COMPRESSION IN CALCANEAL
FRACTURES
• Calcaneal fractures have characteristic
appearances based on the mechanism of
injury and are divided into two major
groups, intraarticular and extraarticular.
• Most calcaneal fractures (70%–75%) are
intraarticular and result from axial
loading that produces shear and
compression fracture lines

46. Page 46
34.Long compression Is used for which fracture-
(PGMEE 2013)
a. Talus
b. Calcaneum
c. Fibula
d. Femur
Ans.b

47. Page 47
35.Weight allowed in skeletal traction upto-
(PGMEE 2013)
a. 5kg
b. 10 kg
c. 20kg
d. 30 kg

48. • It is a devise used to reduce fracture or
for their maintenance & immobilisation
purpose.
• Types: skin& skeletal
TRACTION

49. • BC- KIDS
• BOHLER STIRRUP
• CRTCHFIELD TONG
• K-WIRE
• ILIZAROV WIRE
• DURNHAM PIN
• STIENMANN PIN

53. SKIN TRACTION
• BUCKS TRACTION
• GALLOWS/BRYANTS
TRACTION(SOF # IN
CHILDREN <2YRS)
SKELETAL TRACTION
• BC- KIDS
• BOHLER STIRRUP
• CRTCHFIELD TONG
• K-WIRE
• ILIZAROV WIRE
• DURNHAM PIN
• STIENMANN PIN

55. TRACTION

56. TRACTIONS IN
ORHOPAEDICS
• BUCK'S TRACTION - SKIN TRACTION (REMEMBER: BUS )
• RUSSEL'S TRACTION - FOR TROCHANTERIC FRACTURE
( REMEMBER: RUST )
• CRUTCHFIELD TRACTION - FOR CERVICAL SPINE INJURY
• HEAD-HALTER TRACTION: CERVICAL SPINE INJURY
• DUNLOPS TRACTION & SMITH TRACTION: - FOR SUPRACONDYLAR
FRACTURE ( REMEMBER: DISCOSMITHA)
• BRYANT'S AND GALLOWS TRACTIONS(12 KG BODY WEIGHT) -
FOR SHAFT FEMUR FRACTURES (BRYANTS- <2YRS)
• PERKINS TRACTIONS: ADULTS FEMUR SHAFT
• 90 DEG 90 DEG TRACTION: SOF # IN CHILDREN
• AGNES-HUNT TRACTION: CORRECTION OF HIP DEFORMITY
• WELL-LEG TRACTION: CORRECT ABDUCTION HIP DEFORMITY
• HALO-PELVIC TRACTION: SCOLIOSIS
• CALCANEAL TRACTION: OPEN # ANKLE OR LEG
• METACARPAL TRACTION: OPEN FORE ARM FRACTURES.

59. Page 59
35.Weight allowed in skeletal traction upto-
(PGMEE 2013)
a. 5kg
b. 10 kg
c. 20kg
d. 30 kg
Ans.c

60. Page 60
36.THOMAS splint was not used for- (PGMEE
2013)
a. Injuries around knee joint
b. Knee dislocation
c. Infective arthritis of knee
d. Fracture femur

61. • fundamental principles of the Thomas splint
which are that it is non-invasive, easily
applied and has few com-plications, make it
useful in settings other than in hospital.
• Pre-hospital practitioners often have to deal
with patients with open or closed femoral
fractures. These patients require splintage to
prevent haemorrhage, to allow analgesia and
to facilitate transport.

62. • The Thomas splint proved
to be extremely versatile
and a smaller modified
version was also used for
immobilising
• fractures of the humerus
and of the forearm around
the elbow, with the arm
held in extension

63. Page 63
36.THOMAS splint was not used for- (PGMEE
2013)
a. Injuries around knee joint
b. Knee dislocation
c. Infective arthritis of knee
d. Fracture femur
Ans.c

64. Page 64
37.Turn-buckle cast is used for-(PGMEE 2013)
a. Fracture shaft humerus
b. Fracture shaft femur
c. Scoliosis
d. Cervical spine injury

66. Page 66
37.Turn-buckle cast is used for-(PGMEE 2013)
a. Fracture shaft humerus
b. Fracture shaft femur
c. Scoliosis
d. Cervical spine injury
Ans.c

67. Page 67
38.Halopelvic traction is used for correcting
which deforniity-
a. Scoliosis
b. Pectus Carinatum
c. Spondyloptosis
d. CoxaVara

68. Dreamz Learning Innovations_____________________________________________ Page 68

69. Page 69
38.Halopelvic traction is used for correcting
which deforniity-
a. Scoliosis
b. Pectus Carinatum
c. Spondyloptosis
d. CoxaVara
Ans.a

70. Page 70
39.Maximum weight for skin traction- (PGMEE
2012)
a. 1-2 kg
b. 4-5 kg
c. 10-15 kg
d. 15-20 kg

72. Page 72
39.Maximum weight for skin traction- (PGMEE
2012)
a. 1-2 kg
b. 4-5 kg
c. 10-15 kg
d. 15-20 kg
Ans.b

73. Page 73
40.Risser Locaiiser cast is used in the
management of- (AIIMS Nov 08)
a. Kyphosis
b. Spondylolysthesis
c. Idiopathic scoliosis
d. Lordosis

74. • RISSERS LOCALISER
CAST FOR IDIOPATHIC
SCOLIOSIS

75. MILWALKEE BRACE

76. BOSTONS BRACE

77. TLSO:THORACOLUMBOSACRAL ORTHOSIS

78. • 1.CERVICAL SPINE INJURY
FOUR POST COLLOR,SOMI BRACE.
2. ASHE & TAYLORS BRACE-D-L SPINE
3.MILWAUKEE & BOSTON BRACE-
SCOLIOSIS
4.L-S CORSET-LBA
5.COCK UP SPLINT –RN PALSY
6.KNUCLE BENDER SPLINT-ULNAR N
7.VOKLMAN SPLINT-VIC
8.ALUMINIUM SPLINT-FINGER
IMMMOBILISATION

79. Page 79
40.Risser Locaiiser cast is used in the
management of- (AIIMS Nov 08)
a. Kyphosis
b. Spondylolysthesis
c. Idiopathic scoliosis
d. Lordosis
Ans.c

80. Page 80
41.AH of the following are used for giving
skeletal traction, except- (AHMS May 06)
a. Steimann's pin
b. Kirschner's wire
c. Bohler's stirrup
d. Rush pin

81. • BC- KIDS
• BOHLER STIRRUP
• CRTCHFIELD TONG
• K-WIRE
• ILIZAROV WIRE
• DURNHAM PIN
• STIENMANN PIN

82. Page 82
41.AH of the following are used for giving
skeletal traction, except- (AHMS May 06)
a. Steimann's pin
b. Kirschner's wire
c. Bohler's stirrup
d. Rush pin
Ans.d

83. Page 83
42.Undertaker's fracture is- (PGMEE 2015)
a. C23
b. C34
c. C56
d. C67

84. UNDERTAKER’S FRACTURE
• UNDERTAKER’S FRACTURE IS
BASICALLY A POSTMORTEM
FRACTURE, AND OCCURS DUE TO
CARELESS HANDLING OF THE DEAD
BODY BY UNDERTAKERS; IN FACT
THIS FRACTURE CAN BE PRODUCED
BY ANYONE WHO HAS TO DO
ANYTHING WITH THE DEAD BODY.
•
· PATHOLOGISTS ARE KNOWN TO
EXTEND THE HEAD TO MAKE THE
REMOVAL OF THE NECK STRUCTURES
EASIER.
• TO DO THIS, THEY USUALLY INSERT
A
BLOCK ABOUT 10-15 CM HIGH UNDER
THE NECK MAY FALL FORCIBLY
BACKWARDS, PRODUCING THIS
FRACTURE.
•
· IT INVOLVES SUBLUXATION OF
THE LOWER CERVICAL SPINE DUE
TO TEARING OF THE
INTERVERTEBRAL DISC AT ABOUT
C6-C7

86. Page 86
42.Undertaker's fracture is- (PGMEE 2015)
a. C23
b. C34
c. C56
d. C67
Ans.d

87. Page 87
43.Which of the following fracture needs a
violent force?
a. Fracture Neck of femur
b. Intertrochanteric fracture
c. Clavicle fracture
d. Colles fracture

88. Mechanisms of injury and fractures/
dislocations
Mechanism Common injuries
• Fall on an out-stretched hand...Fracture clavicle & Fractures
around the elbow
• Fall with spine forced in a particular direction.. .....Flexion
injuries, Extension injuries etc.
• • Slipping in the bathroom (trivial trauma).....Fractures
neck of the femur
• Dashboard injury... Posterior dislocation of hip
• Fall onto the heel .... Fracture calcaneum
• Hit by a stick .....Fracture ulna

89. Trivial trauma fractures:
1.Distal radius
2.IC#
3. IT#
4.FRACTURES NEAR CANCELLOUS
BONE,
5.STRESS FRACTURES OF
METATARSALS,
6.PATHOLOGICAL FRACTURES,
7.RECURRENT DISLOCATIONS

91. Page 91
43.Which of the following fracture needs a
violent force?
a. Fracture Neck of femur
b. Intertrochanteric fracture
c. Clavicle fracture
d. Colles fracture
Ans.c

92. Page 92
44.Anterolateral avulsion fracture of the distal
tibial physis is known as- (PGMEE 2015)
a. Potts fracture
b. Tillaux fracture
c. Chopartracture
d. Jones fracture

93. Page 93
44.Anterolateral avulsion fracture of the distal
tibial physis is known as- (PGMEE 2015)
a. Potts fracture
b. Tillaux fracture
c. Chopartracture
d. Jones fracture
Ans.b

94. Page 94
45.Posada's fracture is- (PGMEE 2015)
a. Transcondylar fracture of humerus
b. Fracture lateral condyle of humerus
c. Fracture medial condyle of humerus
d. Fracture anatomical neck of humerus

95. • POSADAS’ FRACTURE
• TRANSCONDYLAR
HUMERAL FRACTURE
WITH
DISPLACEMENT OF
THE DISTAL FRAGME
NT ANTERIORLY AND
DISLOCATION OF THE
RADIUS AND ULNA
FROM THE
BICONDYLAR
FRAGMENT.

97. • Segond fracture is
an avulsion fracture of the
knee that involves the
lateral aspect of the tibial
plateau and is very
frequently (~75% of cases)
associated with disruption
of the anterior cruciate
ligament (ACL)

98. • A Hoffa fracture is
an intra-
articular supracondylar
distal femoral fracture,
characterized by
a fracture in the coronal
plane

99. • Stieda fractures refer to a
bony avulsion injury of
the medial collateral
ligament (MCL) at the
medial femoral condyle.

100. • A bumper fracture is
a fracture of
the lateral tibial plateau
caused by the bumper of
a car coming into
contact with the outer
side of the knee when a
person is standing.
Specifically, it is caused
by forced valgus applied
to the knee.

101. • TILLAUX FRACTURES
ARE A TRAUMATIC
CONDITION
CHARACTERIZED BY A
SALTER-HARRIS III
FRACTURE OF THE
ANTEROLATERAL
DISTAL TIBIA
EPIPHYSIS CAUSED BY
AN AVULSION OF
THE ANTERIOR
INFERIOR TIBIOFIBULAR
LIGAMENT
• TREATMENT IS CLOSED
REDUCTION AND
CASTING IF < 2MM
DISPLACEMENT OR ORIF
IF > 2MM DISPLACEMENT

102. Page 102
45.Posada's fracture is- (PGMEE 2015)
a. Transcondylar fracture of humerus
b. Fracture lateral condyle of humerus
c. Fracture medial condyle of humerus
d. Fracture anatomical neck of humerus
Ans.a

103. Page 103
46.Pilon fracture is- (PGMEE 2013)
a. Bimalleolar
b. Trimalleolar
c. Distal femur Intraarticular
d.Distal tibia Intraarticular

104. • PILON FRACTURE, ALSO
CALLED A PLAFOND
FRACTURE, IS
A FRACTURE OF
THE DISTAL PART OF
THE TIBIA, INVOLVING
ITS ARTICULAR
SURFACE AT THE ANKLE
JOINT. PILON FRACTURES
ARE CAUSED
BY ROTATIONAL OR
AXIAL FORCES, MOSTLY
AS A RESULT OF FALLS
FROM A HEIGHT OR
MOTOR VEHICLE
ACCIDENTS
Dreamz Learning Innovations_____________________________________________ Page 104

105. Dreamz Learning Innovations_____________________________________________ Page 105

106. Page 106
46.Pilon fracture is- (PGMEE 2013)
a. Bimalleolar
b. Trimalleolar
c. Distal femur Intraarticular
d.Distal tibia Intraarticular
Ans.d

107. Page 107
47.Lisfrans fracture dislocation- (PGMEE
2013)
a. Fracture dislocation through tarso-metatarsal
b. Fracture dislocation through ankle joint
c. Fracture dislocation through subtalar joints
d. Fracture dislocation through mid-tarsal joints

108. LISFRANC: TARSO-METATARSAL
CHOPARTS: MIDTARSAL
Dreamz Learning Innovations_____________________________________________ Page 108

109. Page 109
47.Lisfrans fracture dislocation- (PGMEE
2013)
a. Fracture dislocation through tarso-metatarsal
b. Fracture dislocation through ankle joint
c. Fracture dislocation through subtalar joints
d. Fracture dislocation through mid-tarsal joints
Ans.a

110. Page 110
48.Boxer's fracture is- (PGMEE 2013)
a. Radial styloid fracture
b. Reverse colle's fracture
c. 5"1 metacarpal fracture
d. 1SL metacarpal fracture

111. Dreamz Learning Innovations_____________________________________________ Page 111

112. Page 112
48.Boxer's fracture is- (PGMEE 2013)
a. Radial styloid fracture
b. Reverse colle's fracture
c. 5TH metacarpal fracture
d. 1 metacarpal fracture
Ans.c

113. Page 113
49.Jefferson fracture is- (PGMEE 2012)
a. Fracture of any cervical vertebra
b. Fracture of axis
c. Fracture of spinous process of C7
d. Fracture of atlas

114. Dreamz Learning Innovations_____________________________________________ Page 114

115. Page 115
49.Jefferson fracture is- (PGMEE 2012)
a. Fracture of any cervical vertebra
b. Fracture of axis
c. Fracture of spinous process of C7
d. Fracture of atlas
Ans.d