BodyHack Workshop TEI 10

BODY HACK WORKSHOP
TEI10
2010.01.26
by bodyhack team
1

SCHEDULE
HOUR1
➡Introduction
➡Making a “piripiri” device (electric stimulation device)
HOUR2
➡Experiments with electric stimulation device
HOUR3
➡Experiments with myoelectric sensor
HOUR4
➡Exploring with physical computing device
HOUR5
➡Sharing living body data
HOUR6
➡Closing session
2

HOUR1: introduction
Thanks for choosing our studio “BodyHack” workshop!
we are having studio “BodyHack” under supervision of Bioengineer Mr. Masaki Teruoka.
Most of devices which we are going to use in this workshop is architected by him.
As Daito got a lot of questions since he has uploaded movie on youtube, he decided to make the project as
workshop and share more detailed information through the workshop.
We have been working with myoelectric sensors, electric stimulation device for art work, entertainment system
and advertisement as Rhizomatiks and Anchors Lab in Tokyo.
Device and software we are going to use for this workshop is as following,
device : myoelectric sensor (input), “PiriPiri device”:electric stimulation device, and more sensors and devices
software: max/msp(Main), processing, openframeworks (pc and mac based)
※sample patch will be distribute at XXXXXXXXX
Bioengineer Mr. Masaki Teruoka Daito Manabe’s experiment document on youtube
3

HOUR1: Making “Piripiri device”
This will show you how to make “Piripiri Device” electric stimulation device, which will be the core
system to control your body in this workshop.
Please follow this instruction carefully, if you miss even one step, this system will not work!
If you have any questions during creation, please ask any instructors!!
(All the parts will be distributed in the workshop.)
1.Take bigger green base
2.We are going to solder all parts on this base.
2-1: First we install LED on “--|<|--“ sign. There is a speciﬁc direction so please
follow the direction. Insert LED as “shorter needle --|<|-- longer needle”, and after
solder them, cut remain needle on below.
step
step
02
-01
2-02
Install resistance on the sign. This time there is no direction for resistance.
Cut remained needle after soldering.
step
02
-02
5

2-03: Install 3.5mm jack, DC power jack and 8P connecter on base.
Each parts has direction, so please be care about it.
2-04: Install four “blue taped condensers” on mark. There is no direction for this.
Cut remained need after soldering.
step
02
-03
step
02
-04
2-05
For installing the variable resistance arms (knob), install this as arm are pointing
outside the base.
step
02
-05
2-06
installing electrolytic capacitors. It has a direction. Shorter needle (black line) side
should go white dots on the board.
step
02
-06
3.5mm jack DC power jack 8P connecter
6

3:
Get the other board “Power Amplifier board”. Find pins connecting the top and the bottom (2 kinds, 3 pieces) install
bolder pins on the base board and put “power amplifier board” on top of the main board .
Then solder a needle from the top of the power amplifier board, and after flipping board solder the other side of
needle.
Then sticker heat radiation gel.
step
03
Power Amplifier board
heat radiation gel installing heat radiation gel
7

4:
For the last process, install two transformers. Please take a look the number on the transformer and the number on
the board, and install them as the number matched. Then solder them and cut remained needle afterword.
Transformer’s needle is really fragile so please install it slowly and carefully.
step
04
please check number
on transformer & board.
5:
Call us for checking if the device works correctly.
We are going to test with our body .
step
05
This is all the process! Please review it carefully, If conﬁguration is wrong, electrolytic capacitors potentially explode!!!!
8

HOUR2: USING “Piripiri device” THE STIMULATION DEVICE
BEFORE USING ELECTRIC STIMULATION DEVICE
we use device which we made in Hour1 in this term.
Before you use this device, please read following instruction thoroughly to avoid further problem!
!!!! IMPORTANT NOTE !!!!
➡Our heart is really weak for electric stimulation,
please DO NOT put electric stimulation device at your
!!CHEST
!!Between your LEFT HANDS and RIGHT HANDS. (wherever crossing left to right of body)
!!Between your HANDS and FOOT.
➡The variable resistance arm(the knob) should be counterclockwise to the end (TURN COMPLETELY OFF),
then gradually turn clockwise to send stimulation to your body.
➡PC sound volume setting should be MAXIMUM before you play something with it.
➡When signals go to your body, LED will start ﬂicking. So you will know if signal is
coming to your body. Please pay attention to it!
DON’T DO THIS!
DON’T DO THIS!DON’T DO THIS!
10

TESTING : PULSE SIGNAL TO YOUR ARM
Send an electric square-wave-pulse to your arm!
It depends on location, usually the body reacts to 10-300Hz
frequency. if frequency goes over 10kHz plus and minus signals
contradict each other, the body does not react.
1: Insert stereo mini cable in this package to
3.5mm jack and connect it to PC sound output
port.
again, PC volume level must be MAX!
2: Turn variable resistance arms (the knob)
counterclockwise to the end. (turn it OFF)
TURN COMPLETELY OFF
11

3: Connect AC adapter in the package to DC
power jack.
4: Insert sockets in pins of the stimulation device.
5: Attach electrodes on your arm. If you mistake
this order (power device then electric stimulation
device!) , you might feel some shock when you
insert power.
Make sure volume is OFF (step02)
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6:launch “hour1_1_simple_pulse_for_check.maxpat” .
This patch produces square-wave-pulse with train~
object.
7:Click a speaker icon to start audio output.
8:Please turn variable resistance (the knob) clockwise
carefully.
When output audio signal goes into the device and
your body receive electric stimulus,LED of the device
will ﬂick.
(attention) When ampliﬁer gets hot, stop using it for
the device and for your body : >
13

TESTING : PULSE SIGNAL TO YOUR FACE
Launch hour2_1_rhythmic_pulse.maxpat.
Send an electric 10 - 300Hz square-wave-pulse to your face,
and stimulate several mimetic muscle with electric stimulation.
1.frontalis muscle
2.corrugator muscle
3.Zygomaticus major muscle
4.Masseter muscle
5.Orbicularis oculi muscle
(instruction is in next page)
other part of body: shoulder or foot!?
TESTING : OTHER THAN SQUERE-WAVE-PULSE SIGNAL
“MUSIC” TO YOUR BODY
Launch hour2_2_feel_soundﬁle.
Choose a sound ﬁle and play it. your skin can listen(feel) to music with
electric stimulation.
14

1.Frontalis muscle 2. Corrugator muscle
3. Zygomaticus major muscle 4. Masseter muscle
5. Orbicularis oculi muscle
15

Appendix: 00 About the electric stimulation to the living body
This is based on we have hardware(which we created in our workshop) and software to control our body.
simple flow of stimulation process is as following:
PCs (MSP : wave pattern, frequency, output level )→ voltage up → living body (there are no commercial product for valtage up process )
#A. Principle of Electric Emission and Transmission in Our Body
➡The bioelectric basics are pulse waves.
When a film is excited, as for the nerve cell, it seems a kind of battery from a difference of the internal and external ion kind density of cell
membrane discharges electricity at a stretch.
Therefore the bioelectric basic wave pattern becomes the pulse wave.
01:Basic knowledge of the Bioelectricity Stimulation
➡The nervous system is not a simple electric wire.
As for the stimulation in the nerve, stimulation (the excitement of the film) is transmitted to a bucket brigade type every 1-2mm unit.
The transmission speed of that purpose stimulation is number around 10m/s at the maximum.
➡There is a synapse (a ganglion) for the middle of the nervous system.
It is done conversion (transmission material release) once in a synapse on the way by chemical stimulation, and the stimulation of the
nervous system reaches the latter half more.
in the synapse, there are functions such as prevention of the stimulation countercurrent, local feedback (restraint of excessive
stimulation transmission), addition and subtraction (cerebral nerves) of various stimulation.
Therefore, the transmission speed is sacrificed slightly.
➡Muscular constrictive structure.
The end of the motor nerves spreads to a muscle, and chemical mediator like the synapse is discharged from there by the stimulation of
the nervous system.A receptor on the muscle senses the material and produces an electric pulse in excitement.
We feel the electric pulse, and a muscle contraction in a constant motor unit. (the relaxation, or the muscle contacts and cannot be self-
controlled.
16

#B. what will be happened when we apply electricity to a body?
The nervous and muscle can not distinguish if the electric stimulation is either from body or outside generated stimulation. Thus we may
observe the same reaction on the body.
But secondly generated information, such as sense of incongruity a feeling of electric shock, a feeling of sharp pain, a feeling of muscular
involuntary contraction, is fed back particularly to the brain.
Therefore it can produce the stimulation that a brain competes for the case.
the ways to give electric stimulation to body
The electric current flows through the shortest distance (at least resistance interval) between the electrode as a general rule. Thus the
bone parts are ignored.
<caution 1>
Because the heart is vulnerable to electric stimulation, the hands, the electricity between hands and feet prohibit it strictly.
<caution 2>
The stimulation to the body is in proportion to an electric current not the voltage.
In addition, attention is necessary because the resistance value of the living body is fluid when we add constant voltage stimulation.
[importance of level setting] For example, the skin resistance largely influenced by the moisture, even it is stable, an electric current
begins to suddenly begins drifting in higher than voltage (30-50V) .
However, as for the individual difference of the resistance value,when we use the normal adhesion (or rubber system) electrode, the
timing will not get bigger.
(almost one level adjustment is enough 30 minutes before a performance starts)
Strength of the stimulation (a sense) by the electric flow quantity
more than 1mA → electric shock outbreak more than 1mA
more than 10mA→ muscle contract
more than 100mA→ sharp pain, a local burn, heart arrest
In addition, although it is varied by parts of body, the frequency 10-300Hz transmits.
Furthermore, our body doesn't feel stimulation with less than 10KHz since plus and minus signals are contradicted.
NOTE: "listening and feeling with skin", I am personally interested in chord progression.
There is a sense of unity with the music very much, and it becomes a habit when people listen with skin.
17

#C. For general reaction of every part with giving electric stimulation to certain part of body.
1.The muscle (with a skeletal muscle, a smooth muscle, the myocardium) contracts
2.An objective muscle, the internal organs react to the stimulation with outward nervous system.
3.A sense of being oppressed, a feeling of electric shock, and sharp pain are transmitted with the stimulation to the inward nervous
system.
4.In the other parts, the big change does not happen.
(although strong electric stimulation potentially triggers organization denaturation (skin burns))
Head
back of the head
(normal electric stimulation) electrosleep, electroencephalographic forced synchronization
(excessive stimulation) cardiac arrest a coma, consciousness confusion (electric convulsions medical
treatment), a breathing stop and cardiac arrest by the hind brain paralysis.
important notes,
"transcranial magnetic stimulation "
stimulate with strong magnetism (transmit electric current in a brain)from the outside of the skull.
the same reaction of inserting an electrode and gave electric stimulation.
(reaction 1)The part of the brain is paralyzed. The memory confusion and speech disability may occurr.
(reaction 2)The part is ﬂushed. convulsions of hands and feet, hallucination may occur.
"brain machine interface"
INTERNATIONALLY Implantation (an implant) is mainstream:
in JAPAN usually brain waves is taken from surface of skin.
#the characteristic of the implantation type
several millimeters corner, around 100 sensors, and, by a simple training, considerably complicated control
is enabled. it is enabled by plasticity of the brain.
It looks like a considerably wide signal always ﬂies without stopping at the limited part.
The defect needs an operation, potential of the infection, and potential electrode slips off if the brains
moves.
#the characteristic of the type to take out of the epidermis
operating a machine by controlling electroencephalographic frequency, complexity by training.
advantage: simple and unnecessity of operation .
defects are need time for training, taking longer time for reaction (brain waves are really low number Hz,
and it would be not enough information)
18

Face
The muscular contraction
reference column from "change of the expression :"
Relations of experiment facial paralysis of Guillaume Duchennein 1862,
the laughter of the true laughter vs fake laughter,
relationship between expression and psychology
Eyes (frontlet)
The perception of the flash light by the eyes (frontlet) retina nerve stimulation (electric stimulation between the temple and the
forehead)
Ear (inner ear)
When we stimulate inner ear (the hearing nervous system) directly, we can percieve a sound. But we might be able to percieve
sound by transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation. ref. the column "front yard stimulation",
as stimulating the bottom of the ear galvanically, a part controlling a sense of balance is stimulated, eventually body will be shaken
from side to side. The study of the Professor Maeda in former NTT research is famous for this phenomenon.
A nose & A tongue
As stimulating a mucous membrane (the nerve terminal) directly, we can control sense of taste and bad smell. But we can not cleary
control this sense.
Cervix
(normal stimulation)It is the muscular contraction of the electrode neighborhood
(excessive stimulation) difficulty in swallowing, the influence on spinal nerves (the convulsions of the lower part of the body)
19

Limbs
※comparatively safe
(Normal stimulation) contraction of muscle around stimulation device. convulsions with stimulating tensioned muscle at the same
time.
(Excessive stimulation) sharp pain and inflammatory.
note: "a good place & a bad place of the sensitivity "
The Joint of nerve system and muscle becomes very sensitive when muscle is contracting. This part is even more sensitive and
reactive with external electric stimulation since electricity let a muscle contract and induct other signals.
Chest
※danger
(Normal stimulation): potential induction of cardiac ventricle fibrillation. ardiac incident
(Excessive stimulation) cardiac arrest, dyspnea
Back
※ comparatively safe
(Normal stimulation) muscular contraction of the electrode neighborhood
(Excessive stimulation) Possibility existence to stimulate the nervous system in the spinal cord neighborhood.
Personaly speaking, I fix a camera on the head, and electricity should stimulate a sum.
Active resolution largely improves in order that image = stimulation changes if we move our face.
Abdomen
(Normal stimulation) The muscular contraction of the electrode neighborhood.
(Excessive stimulation) Gastric region unpleasantness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and constipation by the contraction of the
digestive organs smooth muscle,
note: "the abdomen low beat and explosion Electric stimulation" When use it together in movie or amusement, it has powerful
sense of reality existence.
Sexual organs, urinary organ
For a mucous membrane, it is difficult to distinguish between genetic stimulation and the excessive stimulation . (narrow threshold)
a glans, a clitoris : pleasant feeling, sharp pain
the testicles, the womb : an acute pain, inflammation, possibility become the sterility.
a vagina, the urethra, the anus : the contraction of the sphincter muscle.
note: erection and ejaculation do not occur by the electric stimulation unless they stimulated sacral (the spinal cord).
20

#D. characteristic of electric stimulation for a performance
[advantage]
it can effect on a direct object (muscles) regardless of the intention of the performer, we can, "inject stimulation" from the outside.
#direct and high-speed.
Without being known to a audience;we can get information of event before being generated.
[fault]
There is a case to give physiologic loathsomeness to a performer.
In addition, there is little potential of the muscular damage.
As theory, the transcendence performance could be possible with high speed muscle control, but it is really difficult to contract deep part
or objective muscle with epidermis stimulation. it might cause convulsions and inflammation of a tendon sheath.
A patent to dodge a bullet by electric stimulation!
#E. side effect/addiction of electric stimulation,
By the normal use (strength, time), there is not the physical customariness by the denaturation of the nervous system, but, there is
addiction of comfortableness since we feel massage-like comfort.
#F the situation of practical use of electric stimulation in medical care.
Pacemaker
(the heart, the diaphragm, the bladder, the blood pressure regulation, the digestive organs, pain relief, the anus.)
Practical use the heart, the others are still in studying)
➡Functional electric stimulation
(a trial to plan function recovery by moving the muscle of limbs paralyzed for the cause of the nervous system by directly electric
stimulation.)(under a study)
➡The measurement of the transmission speed of the nervous system
(the measurement that function (stimulation transmission) of the nervous system acts on normally.)
General-purpose inspection)
➡Low frequency (a cycle) treatment device
(general-purpose including public welfare use)
transmission of sight and hearing information by the electric stimulation to a seeing and hearing handicapped person, (presenting seeing
and hearing stimulation to the reticular stimulation electrode, installed in their back and the finger-tip.)
under a study)
➡EMS(Electrical Muscle Stimulation)
(the muscle reinforcement method by the electric stimulation.)
work with muscular reinforcement (enlargement) effect, but there is not big effect to raise exercise nervous system.
21

HOUR3: experiment with myoelectric sensor
Using a myoelectric sensor
Three measurement of the biological signal is one set in three of them.
Please consider them with "+ electrode", "- electrode", and "earth electrode".
Connect sockets to a myoelectric sensor on Funnel I/O. The center socket should be from an earth electrode.
for testing, let’s get myoelectricity signal from ﬂexor carpi radialis muscle.
Attach these electrodes right above an objective muscle.
The center is an earth electrode for canceling a hum noise.
23

set Xbee receiver on PC with USB connection, and turn the power on at funnel device.
switch
(when you turn it on, LED light becomes on.)
launch hour3_1_myoelectric_sensor.maxpat
Xbee receiver Funnel device
24

Select serial port and check toggle button. Then you will receive the data from a myoelectric sensor.
25

Get myoelectricity signal from other muscle.
test with foot
1:"Frontalis muscle" 2:"Corrugator muscle"
4:"sphincter oris"
3:"zygomaticus major/minor muscle"
5:"Mentalis muscle" 6:"Masseter muscle"
Get myoelectricity signal from facial muscle.
26

Myoelectricity - the bottom of the larynx
We can measure "swallowing" by attaching to scruff under the larynx.
This part is mandibular movement and deglutition.
When we gets tense, little quantity of the saliva is secreted , and it
becomes little frequency of our deglutition.
Myoelectricity - breathing
Breathing action can be detected by attaching a sensor to the right
heart, and also we can detect it with sensor under the collarbone.
When we inhale, the myoelectricity appears.
We usually do not use the muscle when we exhale,
however, we use the muscle when we exhale intentionally like blowing up
a balloon.
27

Myoelectricity - heartbeat
The myoelectric sensor can detect the electricity by the heartbeat with
attaching sensor to the left heart.
Myoelectricity - EOG (electronystagmogram)
EOG is detection of the movement of the eyeball.
we can measure EOG by changing a time constant of Funnel myoelectricity
sensor with shorting the pins on device (see pictures below).
The position of electrode for EOG is similar to detecting a blink. The
movement of the eyeball can theoretically detect the eye direction, too.
However, it is difﬁcult to observe the absolute location.
As for EOG, an eye moves with a period of about 0.5S in right and left at the
time of drowsiness.
This is capable for detection of the drowsiness.
28

Electrodermal activity
This is famous as principles of the lie detection system.
The electrodermal time constant is the same as EOG.
We measure skin resistance by the lie detection kit with children toy.
However, a myoelectricity sensor is more accurate, because one can
potentially tell a lie since it depends on contact condition with the
electrode.
It is accurate to measure in the monopolar at one of the joint of the little
finger.
I couldn’t measure it well although I tried several times, I measured it at
the joint of a middle finger and the third finger.
29

Myoelectric sensor x Piripiri Device
Launch hour3_2_controlled_by_sensor.maxpat
Set the maximum volume of pulse signal in "calibration" mode.
Control the volume of pulse signal by myoelectric sensor in "use sensor value" mode.
30

Myoelectricity
Three measurements of the biological signal are one set in three of them.
Consider them with "+ electrode", "- electrode", and "earth electrode".
We measure electric potential between "+ electrode" and "- electrode ".
Put these electrodes right above an objective muscle.
The electrode (earth electrode) of the middle has a different function.
This is for canceling ham noise. You can put this anywhere, but usually near +/- electrodes.
Organic signal is from several hundred mV degree to several hundred μ V.
That means that we need to amplify more than several hundred times at least
and as for the resistance of the skin is hight,the amp is special.
[note]
We can apply myoelectricity to various things as well as sensing of the muscular movement of simple hands and feets.
The reaction of the myoelectric sensor is quick, besides.
This is few characteristics of other biological signal including the electroencephalogram.
This workshop gives a measurement demonstration with a sensor of the dance performance "true".
We use the analog wireless system for this myoelectic sensor.
It is a special feature that we can listen to a live raw sound of the
myoelectricity unlike the myoelectric sensor using Funnel.
31

Electrode
If it is the electric conductor such as the level of myoelectricity ,we can use any electrodes.
For example, I can acquire the value of the sensor even if I attach a connector to my body directory.
cf: Physiological psychology
Myoelectricity - blink
We can detect a blink by measuring myoelectricity under the eye.
It is possible to detect a blink by an image detection (computer vision),
but a myoelectric sensor has much better time resolution.
[note: about blink]
When we are irritated, the frequency of the blink increases. When mind is stable,it decreases. When we watch an object closely,it decreases.
When we told a lie consciously, it decreases. The blink blocks the visual sensation for longer than we expect. It is about 200ms.
While we shut out the visual sensation, it is canceled sensuously. It is like the blind spot of the temporal axes.
Myoelectricity - facial expression
It is well known that a facial expression is very important for human to communicate each other.
The facial expression is made with a composition of various mimetic muscle. We detect the muscular contraction.
A face is mysterious, and the facial muscles are put together with “the muscle of internal organs origin” and “the
muscle of the skeletal muscle origin”.
We can manipulate the muscle of the skeletal muscle origin easily, but can not control the muscle of internal
organs origin freely. All of us can understand the difference of a drawn fake smile and a sincere smile. this is
happened because of these muscular contraction. The interesting point of the face expression myoelectricity is
that we can detect the delicate change of the feelings such as unconscious unpleasantness and good
feeling ,which we can not understand even a naked eye or an image analysis.
Actually a facial expression is a symmetry generally, we can measure it by six points.
32

Myoelectricity - mimetic muscle
1:"Frontalis muscle"
this is muscle located at the forehead and this muscle is activated by surprise and a gaze.
2:"Corrugator muscle"
this is muscle located at the middle of the forehead and this muscle is activated by shrug or anger.
3:"zygomaticus major muscle" and "zygomaticus minor muscle" in Malar is activated by glad and smile.
4:"sphincter oris"
around the mouse reﬂects to for unpleasant strain.
5:"Mentalis muscle"
this is located at the bottom of jaw and this muscle is related to our various expressions.
Our mouth becomes half-open when we are sleeping. This is caused by Mentalis muscle. Therefore, we can
measure depth of sleep by measuring this muscle. And also we can measure a smile and surprise with this
muscle since mentalis muscle is contracted by laughing and surprising.
33

Facial expression pattern of muscular contraction
Figure 1
Eyelids, cheeks, gnathic muscle are tense.
This "is a laughter".
Figure 2
Eyelids, cheeks, a mouth.
This "is a smile". Tensions were absorbed by an opening from a chin of ﬁgure 1.
Figure 3
Forehead, cheeks, a chin.
This "is dialog".
Cheeks are tension in substitution for an eyebrow.
Figure 4
Forehead, cheeks, a mouth.
This "is assent".
Figure 5
An eyebrow, eyelids, a chin.
This "is crying".
Figure 6
An eyebrow, eyelids, a mouth.
This "is a fear / dysphoria".
Figure 7
Forehead, an eyebrow, a chin.
This "is speaking roughly".
Figure 1 and ﬁgure 7 are antagonism relationships.
Figure 8
Forehead, an eyebrow, a mouth.
This "is anger".
34

HOUR4: exploring with physical computing device
Now, you can try your idea with sensors.
As we learn in last 3 hours, now you can use electric stimulation device and/or myoelectric sensor!
in this hour, you can use other device and you can try your idea that how you control / controlled your body.
we have already prepared several device to support your idea and let’s make some mixed device system.
Piezoelectric elementﬂexible stretch sensor
DC Solenoid(12V)
Motion Sensor
(Passive infrared type)MP
ServomotorIR distance sensor(PSD)
Reed switch
Accelerometer
RGB LEDFlexible Sensor
BreadboardJump wire
36

Sensor conﬁguration.
Several sensor’s are ready to use. (some you have to assemble by yourself with instructor)
Please pick one or some sensors to try your idea with electric stimulation device and/or myoelectricity.
If you are not familiar with making device with Breadboard, please ask instructor for assistant.
Note: We want you to focus on making ideas instead of making Breadboard Device on this time.
37

Example 1 : IR distance Sensor
Use IR distance Sensor (sharp GP2D12) and control
the audio signal for the PiriPiri device.
1.Take one GP2D12 sensor, bread board and four
jump wires.
2.Connect all cables like ﬁgure 1.
3.Open the sample code/patch “hour4_1_sensor”
and run it.
4.GP2D12 can detect the distance 10cm to 80cm,
and output analog voltage according to the
distance.
5.the sample code/patch output signal only if there
is any objects in front of the sensor.
* jump wire connector is not so tight, so you can
solder it if you want.
More detail about GP2D12 sensor
http://kjd.edu-ctr.pref.kanagawa.jp/robox/
download/gp2d12.pdf
38

Example 1 : IR distance Sensor patch
Launch hour4_1_sensor.maxpat
Set the maximum volume of pulse signal in "calibration" mode.
Control the volume of pulse signal by IR distance sensor in “use sensor value mode”
set the threshold ﬁrst. when the input value goes over this number, you will receive electric signals
39

Example 2 : RGB LED
Use full colored LED and control the color with bio
sensor.
1. Take one full colored LED and connect all cable
like ﬁgure 2.
2. Open the code/patch “hour4_2_LED” and run it.
3. We control PWM output on the Funnel board, the
PWM duty cycle is calculated from the value of bio
sensor.
4. Red led is more stronger than other led, so if you
want to adjust the brightness, please insert resistor
between No.4 pin on LED and D11 output on the
funnel board
40

Example 2 : RGB LED patch
Launch hour4_2_led.maxpat
You can control, the brightness of Red LED by
myoelectric sensor.
You can also control other colors “Green”&”Blue”
with the same way.
41

EXTRA : 3-axis acceleration sensor
Use 3-axis acceleration sensor example.
1. Take one acceleration sensor and connect all
cables like ﬁgure 3.
2. Open the code/patch “hour4_3_accel” and run it.
3. See the value of three analog inputs with moving,
tapping and titling the bread board.
Funnel I/O has 6 analog inputs, so you can use
various sensors at the same time and use the value
of sensors like this example.
More detail about this sensor
http://akizukidenshi.com/download/KXM-52.pdf
42

EXTRA : 3-axis acceleration sensor patch
Instruction will be followed in the workshop.
43

About FIO
Funnel I/O (FIO) is an Arduino compatible board
designed by Shigeru Kobayashi, based on the
original design from LilyPad Arduino v1.6.
FIO is compatible with Funnel. It has connections
for a Lithium Polymer battery and includes a charge
circuit over USB. An XBee socket is available on the
bottom of the board. The FIO has been designed to
be wirelessly re-program-able.
by funnel.cc
About Funnel
Funnel is a toolkit to sketch your idea physically,
and consists of software libraries and hardware. By
using Funnel, the user can handle sensors and/or
actuators with various programming languages
such as ActionScript 3, Processing, and Ruby. In
addition, the user can set ﬁlters to input or outputs
ports: range division, ﬁltering (e.g. LPF, HPF),
scaling and oscillators
by funnel.cc
44

Ways to connect Arduino and PC.
• Cable
– Serial
– USB
– Ethernet
• Wireless
– Bluetooth
– IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee
A protocol is necessary how you exchange data to communicate.
The protocol: Firmata
http://firmata.org/
•Proposed by Christoph Steiner.
•Protocol, referring to MIDI
•applied from Arduino 0012
Library corresponding to Firmata
• Max/msp/Jitter
• Processing
• openFrameworks
• Pd (aka Pure Data)
• Funnel
• Linux C++
• C++/openFrameworks
Using Arduino/FIO ,which firmata is written in firmware, and library
of each application, we can control Arduino/FIO without making
protocol.
Preparation
• A FIO board
• Two XBee RF modems (802.15.4 model, firmware version
1.0.C.D). If you purchased your XBee board from SparkFun and
the firmware is not the correct version, just load up X-CTU in
Windows and update the firmware to version 10CD. Note: the
newer Series 2 XBee modules will not allow for wireless
programming since I/O line monitoring (used for toggling the reset
pin) cannot be setup the same way!
• a XBee to USB interface module

• a XBee Explorer USB (SparkFun Electronics)
• a XBee sdapter kit and a USB TTL-232 cable (Adafruit Industries)

• a polymer lithium battery

• SparkFun PRT-00341 (860mAh)

• SparkFun PRT-00339 (1100mAh)

• a USB cable (A to mini-B)
Hardware distributors
U.S.A
SparkFun Electronics
http://www.sparkfun.com/
Funnel IO with ATmega168 $24.95
http://www.sparkfun.com/commerce/product_info.php?
products_id=8957
more detail : http://funnel.cc/
45

Time to share your body data with other people over network!
In this hour, we are going to share living body data with other people over network, then you can use other
people’s body data as input, and also other can use your body data.
Through these experiments, we will explore potential usage of living body data.
HOUR5: Sharing Living Body Data
47

HOUR5: Sharing Living Body Data
Broadcast your living body data.
Launch hour5_1_broadcast.maxpat .
Set your ID then , start broadcasting your living
body data.
Receive everybody's living body data.
Launch hour5_2_receive.maxpat.
You can see everybody's living body data, and
you can use one of living data with speciﬁc ID.
set speciﬁc ID
set your ID
48

Contents will be announced at workshop!
HOUR5: Closing Session
50

Appendix: 01
About PiriPiri device:.
This device is basically getting external audio signal and amplify it, and press it by transmitter then send it to muscle as electric signals. if we
just want to contract muscle, we can simply use EMS or home massage machine which use oscillator and CHARGE PUMP TYPE BOOSTER
CIRCUIT technology. But this device utilize technique of audio signal (music) translation to make muscle contracted like bone-conduction
headphone. Then, not only we can listen to the sound, but feel sound with stimulating our body.
This device has D class stereo amplifier : MAX9704 and 12 230V,25W transmitter : LP-12-200 as internal structure.
"MAX9704"
http://www.maxim-ic.com/quick_view2.cfm/qv_pk/4230
"MAX9704(10W+10W) D class stereo audio amplifier kit"
http://strawberry-linux.com/catalog/items?code=32001
(Japanese only)
「LP-12-200」
http://search.digikey.com/scripts/DkSearch/dksus.dll?lang=en&site=US&WT.z_homepage_link=hp_go_button&KeyWords=LP-12-200&x=0&y=0
First of all, we add 2 of 10Ω to amplifier kit and make output as about 12V maximum audio signal .
In order to deliver this signal to our body (more less 10kΩ) againstly, we amplify it to 100-200V level with transmitter.
One of the most important point is, to stabilize electric current which affected by our skin's unstable resistance, install two of 1KΩ1W resistance
which amplify transmitter's output, before current reaches electrode. And LED located in the middle, is not just to check the stimulation delivery,
but also it role as "fuse" to protect our body from over current.
The circuit diagram of the PiriPiri device is in next page
51

Circuit diagram of PiriPiri device:.
by Mr. Masaki Teruoka
Appendix: 01
52

Appendix: 02
About myoelectric sensor:.
This sensor circuit is basically an amplifier which amplify the electricity from a muscle to 1,000 times. The circuit consists of differential amplifier
"AD627" and two highly precise amplifier "AD8067" mainly. As for 1kΩ of input part (CN1), there are two roles, except the noise of the high
frequency by making LPF between input capacities and prevention of electric shock at the time of the emergency.
And, the differential amplifier "AD627" denies the strong ham noise of the human body. In addition, character of differential amplifier "AD627" is
that input impedance is high in order to detect the electric potential of the human body through skin which has higher resistance value.
Although the first amplifier of "AD8067" amplify about 10 times , it is necessary to amplify it more because a gain is not enough .
It is important to cut DC (direct current) at the first stage to amplify a living body signal.
The electric potential between the living body and the electrode is little mV degree, but it is necessary to install a condenser between two
amplifiers to cut DC (direct current) since it overflow when we do 1,000 times.
A characteristic of HPF with this condenser is important.
To get slight change of heart train and lie discovery machines, a wave pattern is provided when we open the frequency of the filter to low
frequency, but under the situation of myoelectric sensor which electrode will move while getting waves, it will be overflowed immediately .
On the other hand, since unnecessary noise is generated if we widen the frequency of the filter to high frequency, we connect a condenser to
the second resistor in parallel to cut (LPF) high frequency component, .(f0=48Hz)
With this sensor circuit, we can switch time constant either 0.0033 second (f0=48Hz) or 1.5 second (f0=0.1kHz) by putting jumper (a pin)
depending on our usage.
100 Ω resistor at the last output part is protection resistance when device gets short-circuited.
The ground terminal (GND) of each IC was positioned as a standard of the middle point electric potential of the power supply voltage by the
second operation amplifier.
In the end let PC touch the ground if possible (please ground it).
The AC adapter of the notebook PC becomes in particular the outbreak source of the noise since it make float a PC from a ground (GND).
The grounding of the PC is highly effective.
Circuit diagram of the myoelectric sensor is in next page.
53

Circuit diagram of myoelectric sensor:.
by Mr. Masaki Teruoka
Appendix: 02
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54

BodyHack Workshop TEI 10

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