2. Contents
• Henri Lefebvre
Marxist paradigm
• Cause Commune
Reverse anthropology
• Michel de Certeau
Theory of everyday practice
• Michel Maffesoli
Polyphonic analysis of sociality
3. Critique of Everyday Life (Henri Lefebvre)
• Everyday and everydayness.
• Everyday life is a complex level and has to be considered dialectically
regarding superstructures and ideologies.
• Transforming the false consciousness under modernity.
• Everyday practices can not be analysed as a purely empirical object.
• Dialectical method, schemes of thought.
4. Critique of Everyday Life (Henri Lefebvre)
• Defence against attempts to mystify individual consciousness.
• Adopts a threefold aim:
• To establish the primacy of dialectical reason for understanding
‘impure’ everyday life as part of the totality.
• To combat the repression of the proletariat by demystifying it and
inflaming the class solidarity needed to effect change.
• To observe and analyse human reality that are ignored by the disciplines
to prepare the transformation of everyday life.
5. Critique of Everyday Life (Henri Lefebvre)
• The proletariat has the potential to self-renewal.
• Retains ‘fundamental health’ through manual labour, unions and political
organizations.
• But they are mystified.
• Mystified consciousness: the contradiction between belief and
fact, perception and reality.
being having
biological, social,
need for
psychological
money
needs
6. Critique of Everyday Life (Henri Lefebvre)
• To organize and orient collective struggle, a basic question has to be
answered.
How is it precisely that we live?
To reconstitute daily existence as it is lived and perceived
To describe the components of an ordinary day
To find out the characteristics that leisure and sociability
take on in different national contexts
To reintroduce a distinctive style or ‘art of living’ rooted in
popular solidarity and the village or urban festival
7. Critique of Everyday Life (Henri Lefebvre)
• Post-war modernisation caused a disappearance in some of the unevenness
of French class society.
• But, these improvements, do not abolish the everyday, rather, they colonise
everydayness in the name of consumer society.
• New questions and sources of alienation appeared
• Which product to buy?
• What to do with free time on a tight income?
• Desires are progressively decoupled from real needs.
• Real needs no longer naturally produce desires.
8. Cause Commune
• An interdisciplinary journal founded in 1972 by sociologist Jean Duvignaud
and architect Paul Virilio.
• To open the way for an anthropology of modern man and an investigation of
everyday life at all levels.
• They are trained to interpret minute cultural elements whose meaning is
not readily apparent.
• They practice reverse cultural analysis through infra-quotidian or infra-
ordinary, like background noise, which goes all but unnoticed because it is
unremarkable.
9. Theory of Everyday Life Practices (de Certeau)
• Aims to uncover unseen inventiveness of everyday life.
• Maintains that, in any case, subjects find room for manoeuvre in the non-
dominated everyday.
• Maintains that, in contrast to strategies of institutions, practices of the weak
are tactical. Tactics try to subvert power relations. ex. assembly line workers.
• Individuals endlessly reinvent tactics to overcome existing limits. ex. cooking
10. Michel Maffesoli’s Rituals of Passive Resistance
• Non-logical actions are common in daily life.
• Individuals cynically bound to enjoyment. (Hedonism)
• The will to enjoyment of the masses is a sign of powerful social
health, rather than immorality or ignorance.
11. De Certeau vs Maffesoli
• They both view cunning (ruse) as what defines the operative mode of
ordinary actors
• But,
De Certeau Maffesoli
• Everyday practice as a • Evokes an ethical need for
structural responce to the outsmarting natural and
rational programming of the social constraints in
everyday. keeping with human
values.
• Everyday gestures a poetic
aspect largely as a function • Strivings of impassioned
of their statistical individuals who live out
unpredictability. the poetry of existence.
This text, particularly emphasise on Lefebvre’s marxist paradigm. Also it includes three studies which approaches quotidian and based on the critique of everyday life.These studies are the reverse anthopology of the interdisciplinary collective Cause Commune...
In his book, Lefebvre introduced to social analysis two terms that are...And he suggests that Everyday life is a complex level and has to be considered dialectically regarding superstructures and ideologies.He aims to transform the false consciousness that trouble man and women under conditions of modernity.He states that Everyday practices can not be analysed as a purely empirical object. They must be analysed in a dialectical method and schemes of thought for conceptualizing everyday life.
His book was a Defence against the attempts to mask the ingrained mechanisms of capitalist organisation by aiming to mystify individual consciousness.Towards this goal, he adopted a threefold aim.
Although, The proletariat has the potential to self-renewal and Retains their ‘fundamental health’ through manual labour, unions and political organizations, they are mystified. Mystified consciousness is the contradiction between belief and fact, perception and reality.Re-establishing true class consciousness is obstructed by the equation drawn in capitalist societies between being and having.The need for money which in return causes a reduction in biological, social and psychological needs, makes it difficult to think about equity in human terms.
To organize and orient collective struggle, a basic question has to be answered. How is it precisely that we live? Lefebvre calls for a four part inventory. First the critique aims to reconstitute daily existence as it is lived and perceived. Second the critique aims to describe the components of an ordinary day which understood socially rather than as a component of individual experienceThird the critique aims to find out the characteristics that leisure and sociability take on in different national contexts.Finally the critique aims to reintroduce a distinctive style or ‘art of living’ rooted in popular solidarity and the village or urban festival.
Lefebvre remarks that in present consumer society Desires are progressively decoupled from real needs, inversely,Real needs no longer naturally produce desires.
Cause commune was an interdisciplinary journal founded in 1972 by sociologist Jean Duvignaud and architect Paul Virilio.The aim of the journal was To open the way for an anthropology of modern man and an investigation of everyday life at all levels.
Ex: assembly line workers craft an object for personal use from pieces picked up from the cutting floor when their supervisor is absent.Ex: each meal demands the invention of an alternative mini-strategy, when one ingredient is lacking.
He statesNon-logical actions are common in daily life.Maffesoli approaches this concept in accordance with hedonism movement.İndividuals SİNİKLY bound to enjoyment.
De certeau conceives.. Maffesoli evokes..De certeau lends everyday.. Maffesoli sees in them the strivings..
Mystified concsiousness emigrantlarda da var mı? Everyday kavramında individual experiences’a yer yoktur. Herşey bir sistemin içindedir. Fransız sosyologlar arasında everyday kavramına değişik yaklaşımlar vardır teorik empirik gibiMayıs 1968 olayları sadece nasyonel kültür alanında değil everyday life alanında da etkili olmuştur.
