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2.1.NUMBER SYSTEM
2.1.1.Binary System
Binary ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដដ ដ ដ2 ដ ដដ ដ ដ0
        ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ           ដ ដ ដ
ដ ដ ដ
 ដ ដ ដ1 ដ
 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដDecimal
    ដ ដ ដ ដ                 Binary
Example       : N = (85)10 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Binary
                            ដ ដ ដ ដ


 85    2
 01     42     2
       00      21     2
                 01    10     2
                        0     5       2
                               1       2       2
                                       0           1   2
                                           1               0
 ដ ដ ដ
  ដ ដ ដ      N = (85)10 =(1010101)2
ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ BINARY
ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ                              DECIMAL


Example : N =(1010101)2              Decimal
N = 1 x 26 + 0 x 25 + 1 x 24 + 0 x 23 + 1 x 22 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20

= 64 + 32 x 0 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 85
ដ ដ ដ N = (1010101)2 = (85)10
 ដ ដ ដ

A . αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” (addition)αž” αž”Binary
     αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”           αž”


- ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
   ដ ដ ដ ដ Binary ដ ដ ដ ដដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Decimal ដ ដ
                   ដ ដ ដ  ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ         ដ
  ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
   ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
      0+0=0
      0+1=1
      1+0=1
      1+1=0    ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
                 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដCarry 1) = 10
EXAMPLE : 10101 B + 10100 B
     10101
  +
     10100
    101001

 B. αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”
     αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”Subtraction) αž” αž” αž” αž” Binary αž” αž” αž” αž”αž” αž” αž”
                              αž” αž” αž” αž”        αž” αž” αž”  αž” αž” αž”
αž” αž” αž”Decimal αž” αž”
 αž” αž”          αž”
  ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
   ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
       0–0=0
       1–1=0
       1–0=1
       0 – 1 = 1 ដ ដ ដ ដ 1 (carry 1)
                  ដ ដ ដ

  Example a : 1100110 b – 110110 b

  Solution :            1100110
                  –
                        110110
                      0110000
C. αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” MULTIPLICATION)
    αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”

ដ ដ ដ ដ Binary ដ ដ ដ ដដ ដ Decimal ដ ដ
 ដ ដ ដ ដ        ដ ដ ដ  ដ           ដ
ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
     0x0=0
     1x0=0
     0x1=0
     1x1=1


Example : A. 101011b x 1100b
                 101011
                    1100
                 101011
                 101011
               1000000100
D. αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”(DIVISION)
    αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”

ដ ដ ដ ដ ដBinary ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Decimal ដ ដ ដ
 ដ ដ ដ ដ         ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ           ដ ដ
ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ

  ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
   ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ

  ដ ដ ដ ដ ដBinary ដ ដ
    ដ ដ ដ ដ              ដ   ដ ដ
                              ដ ដ
       0/1 = 0
       1/1 = 1
Example: A . 11011b/101b
Solution      11011   101
            101      101
            0011
             000
                111
                101
                 010
2.1.2 . OCTAL SYSTEM
    ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដដ ដ ដ ដ 8 ដ ដ 0, 1 , 2…….. 7
     ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ              ដ ដ
ដ ដ ដ 8ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ 8 ដ ដ ដ 10 (Decimal)
     ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ       ដ ដ
Decimal = On 8n +………….+O2 81 + O1 80
ដ ដOn ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Octal ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
 ដ        ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ            ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
Example : ដ ដ ដ ដ Octal
           ដ ដ ដ ដ                 Decimal
A .(765)8

Solution :     A = (765)8
      Decimal = 7 x 82 + 6 x 81 + 5 x 80 = 7 x 64 + 48 + 5=(501)10


 A . αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” Addition)
      αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”

 Example:         a (2456)8 + (1276)8

 Solution                             2456
                         + 1276

                               3754
B . αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” SUBTRACTION)
     αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”
Example:  a , (4567)8 – (1075)8

Solution              4567
                 -
                     1075
                     3472

C . αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”Multiplication)
     αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”

Example     a, (1234)*(12)
Solution:       1234
            *
                   12
               2470
            1234

             15030
ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដDIVISION
 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ

ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ octalដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
                   ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
ដ ដ ដ ដ
 ដ ដ ដ decimal ដ ដ
                ដ
Example:        a , (502)8 / (27)8

     Solution       502      27
                   27        16
                    212
                    212
                    000
2.1.3. HEXADECIMAL SYSTEM
 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Hexa ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
   ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ          ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
 ដ ដ16 ដ ដ ដ ដ0 ,1 ,2 ,3……A ,B
   ដ      ដ ដ ដ
                              ដ ដ ,F=15) ដ ដ16 ដ ដ
 ,C ដ ,Eដ ដ ដ B=11,ដ10 D=13 ,E=14 16
   ដ,D ដ,F(A=10,ដ ដ C=12,
      ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ                ដ          ដ     ដ
Example:    a , ដ ដ ដ5760)10
                 ដ ដ                   ដ ដ 16
                                        ដ

      Solution           5760 16
                       48    360 16
                       096   32 22    16
                        96    40 6     1   16
                           0    32              0
                              8

           a : (5760)10 = (1680)16
 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដHEXA
   ដ ដ ដ ដ                       DECIMAL


Example:   a =(1680)16        Decimal

       Solution
       Decimal : 160 x 0 + 161 x 8 + 162 x 6 + 163 x 1
                = 0 +128 + 1536 + 4096 =(5760)10


A . αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”(Addition)
     αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”


Example:    a, 76BC H + A76B H

                 76BC
            +
                 A76B
                11E27
B. αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”
     αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”SUBTRACTION)


 Example:      a, 2B75 H – 10EF

                        2B75
                    -
                        10EF
                        1A86
C .αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” Multiplication)
    αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”
Example:    26AF H x 12 H
   Solution
            26AF
          x
              12

             4C5E
            26AF

            2B84E
D .αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”DIVISION)
    αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”

Example :   a, AB5 H/A1
    Solution
              AB5 A1
              A1   11
               0A5
                A1
                04
ដ ដ ដ a= 11
 ដ ដ ដ
ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ
 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ

 Decimal        Hexa   Binary
 0              0      0000
 1                1    0001
 2                2    0010
 3                3    0011
 4                4    0100
 5                5    0101
 6                6    0110
 7                7    0111
 8                8    1000
 9                9    1001
 10               A    1010
 11               B    1011
 12               C    1100
 13               D    1101
 14               E    1110
 15               F    1111

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C arch presentation1

  • 1.
  • 2. 2.1.NUMBER SYSTEM 2.1.1.Binary System Binary ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដដ ដ ដ2 ដ ដដ ដ ដ0 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ1 ដ  ដ ដ ដ ដ ដDecimal ដ ដ ដ ដ Binary Example : N = (85)10 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Binary ដ ដ ដ ដ 85 2 01 42 2 00 21 2 01 10 2 0 5 2 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 0 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ N = (85)10 =(1010101)2
  • 3. ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ BINARY ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ DECIMAL Example : N =(1010101)2 Decimal N = 1 x 26 + 0 x 25 + 1 x 24 + 0 x 23 + 1 x 22 + 0 x 21 + 1 x 20 = 64 + 32 x 0 + 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 85 ដ ដ ដ N = (1010101)2 = (85)10 ដ ដ ដ A . αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” (addition)αž” αž”Binary αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” - ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Binary ដ ដ ដ ដដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Decimal ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ 0+0=0 0+1=1 1+0=1 1+1=0 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដCarry 1) = 10
  • 4. EXAMPLE : 10101 B + 10100 B 10101 + 10100 101001 B. αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”Subtraction) αž” αž” αž” αž” Binary αž” αž” αž” αž”αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”Decimal αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ 0–0=0 1–1=0 1–0=1 0 – 1 = 1 ដ ដ ដ ដ 1 (carry 1) ដ ដ ដ Example a : 1100110 b – 110110 b Solution : 1100110 – 110110 0110000
  • 5. C. αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” MULTIPLICATION) αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” ដ ដ ដ ដ Binary ដ ដ ដ ដដ ដ Decimal ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ 0x0=0 1x0=0 0x1=0 1x1=1 Example : A. 101011b x 1100b 101011 1100 101011 101011 1000000100
  • 6. D. αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”(DIVISION) αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” ដ ដ ដ ដ ដBinary ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Decimal ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដBinary ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ 0/1 = 0 1/1 = 1 Example: A . 11011b/101b Solution 11011 101 101 101 0011 000 111 101 010
  • 7. 2.1.2 . OCTAL SYSTEM ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដដ ដ ដ ដ 8 ដ ដ 0, 1 , 2…….. 7 ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ 8ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ  ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ 8 ដ ដ ដ 10 (Decimal) ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Decimal = On 8n +………….+O2 81 + O1 80 ដ ដOn ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Octal ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Example : ដ ដ ដ ដ Octal ដ ដ ដ ដ Decimal A .(765)8 Solution : A = (765)8 Decimal = 7 x 82 + 6 x 81 + 5 x 80 = 7 x 64 + 48 + 5=(501)10 A . αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” Addition) αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” Example: a (2456)8 + (1276)8 Solution 2456 + 1276 3754
  • 8. B . αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” SUBTRACTION) αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” Example: a , (4567)8 – (1075)8 Solution 4567 - 1075 3472 C . αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”Multiplication) αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” Example a, (1234)*(12) Solution: 1234 * 12 2470 1234 15030
  • 9. ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដDIVISION ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ octalដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ decimal ដ ដ ដ Example: a , (502)8 / (27)8 Solution 502 27 27 16 212 212 000
  • 10. 2.1.3. HEXADECIMAL SYSTEM ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Hexa ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ16 ដ ដ ដ ដ0 ,1 ,2 ,3……A ,B ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ,F=15) ដ ដ16 ដ ដ  ,C ដ ,Eដ ដ ដ B=11,ដ10 D=13 ,E=14 16 ដ,D ដ,F(A=10,ដ ដ C=12, ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Example: a , ដ ដ ដ5760)10 ដ ដ ដ ដ 16 ដ Solution 5760 16 48 360 16 096 32 22 16 96 40 6 1 16 0 32 0 8 a : (5760)10 = (1680)16
  • 11.  ដ ដ ដ ដ ដHEXA ដ ដ ដ ដ DECIMAL Example: a =(1680)16 Decimal Solution Decimal : 160 x 0 + 161 x 8 + 162 x 6 + 163 x 1 = 0 +128 + 1536 + 4096 =(5760)10 A . αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”(Addition) αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” Example: a, 76BC H + A76B H 76BC + A76B 11E27
  • 12. B. αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”SUBTRACTION) Example: a, 2B75 H – 10EF 2B75 - 10EF 1A86 C .αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” Multiplication) αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” Example: 26AF H x 12 H Solution 26AF x 12 4C5E 26AF 2B84E
  • 13. D .αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž”DIVISION) αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” αž” Example : a, AB5 H/A1 Solution AB5 A1 A1 11 0A5 A1 04 ដ ដ ដ a= 11 ដ ដ ដ
  • 14. ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ ដ Decimal Hexa Binary 0 0 0000 1 1 0001 2 2 0010 3 3 0011 4 4 0100 5 5 0101 6 6 0110 7 7 0111 8 8 1000 9 9 1001 10 A 1010 11 B 1011 12 C 1100 13 D 1101 14 E 1110 15 F 1111