course materials

1. N 599 Aspen University Preparedness in Acute Health Care Capstone
Conclusion
N 599 Aspen University Preparedness in Acute Health Care Capstone Conclusion ON N 599
Aspen University Preparedness in Acute Health Care Capstone ConclusionThis Conclusion
section should be about 2-3 pages and content should be separated with APA first and
second level headings. Remember to submit your work following the file naming convention
FirstInitial.LastName_M01.docx. For example, J.Smith_M01.docx. Remember that it is not
necessary to manually type in the file extension; it will automatically append.Start by
reading and following these instructions:1. Quickly skim the questions or assignment below
and the assignment rubric to help you focus.2. Read the required chapter(s) of the textbook
and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do
additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources
carefully.3. Consider the discussions and any insights gained from it. N 599 Aspen
University Preparedness in Acute Health Care Capstone Conclusion4. Create your
Assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, check
your spelling.Assignment:Submit a formal paper describing the Capstone projectYour
Formal Capstone Project submission must be professionally prepared and free of
typographical, spelling and grammatical errors. The formatting protocol of the American
Psychological Association is the approved format for Aspen University. For detailed
guidance refer to the websites and resources referenced in the ProQuest Library.The
specific length of the formal document may vary somewhat depending upon the topic
selected, the use of tables, matrices, graphs, or other visual supplements. The following
sections should be included:Title pageAbstractIntroduction (Background, Significance,
Justification)PurposeLiterature reviewMethod (as appropriate for your project— may
include research design, procedures, evaluation methods, etc.)Discussion of
findingsRecommendationsConclusionReferencesAppendices as appropriate.The Formal
Capstone Project submission should be prepared using the Microsoft Office suite (Word,
Excel, and PowerPoint as appropriate), appropriately paginated using a twelve-point
standard style font (Times New Roman) and written using current APA guidelines.N 599
Aspen University Preparedness in Acute Health Care Capstone
Conclusionattachment_1attachment_2attachment_3attachment_4attachment_5Unformatted
Attachment PreviewRUNNING HEAD: CHAPTER 4 1 Capstone Chapter 4 Mariann England
Aspen University Nursing Capstone Dr. Julie Kolde July 20, 2020 CHAPTER 4 2 Chapter 4:

2. Results and Recommendations Health care Workforce Response Twenty-three hospitals
were involved in the research project and gave their responses to the questionnaire
provided with a response rate of 55%. This involved private and public hospitals, and the
hospital size ranged from 40 to 800 hospital beds for inpatient. The hospital beds’ median
for the public hospitals being 352 and private hospitals at 101 (median= 260). An
equivalent of 180 to 5000 health care professionals and a median of 2370 were identified in
both public and private hospitals, while the hospital beds stand at a median of 44 beds in
both emergency department and intensive care units. The percentage of the emergency
department participants was 41%, respondents from infection control were 23 %, and
finally, the percentage of Acute Services and nursing was 14%. Group Frequency Count
Control of infections 80% 18 Occupational Health & safety 42% 8 Medical and medical staff
37% 8 Emergency management committee 30% 7 Nursing Director and Staff 25% 6
Emergency Department 25% 6 Quality and Risk 15% 4 ICU 6% 2 Table 1: frequency of
certain hospital departments in preparing pandemic preparedness and emergency plans
Medical staff and hospital executives were cited as the staff members commonly involved in
planning the occupational health and safety departments, emergency department, and
CHAPTER 4 3 intensive care units in the infectious departments. The hospitals had a higher
planning and preparedness rate in some private hospitals and public hospitals, while some
required additional improvement. Therefore, in the case of a pandemic, the respondents
indicated that the hospitals would handle the pandemic at a good point, with the variable
being the availability of workforce and how severe the pandemic is likely to be. The
respondents reported the hospital needs in the acute health care setting would not be met
adequately due to the high rate of healthcare professional absenteeism. The survey also
indicated that some of the hospitals had achieved the overall guidelines on hygiene
standards and precautions training on managing the pandemic. However, the hospitals
needed to have an additional provision of personal protective equipment to protect
themselves from the infections. N 599 Aspen University Preparedness in Acute Health Care
Capstone ConclusionWhen it comes to the health care workers on the preparedness to
report to in the wake of a pandemic, many workers were willing to report. Anxiety was
evident in the interview, but they were willing to report to the health care facilities. This is
based on the hospitals’ preparedness in the reduction of the chances of infections to occur
in the hospitals as they attend to the patients. The health care workers reported that
appropriate measures were put in place to identify health workers infected and isolation
procedures to handle the case, hence preventing other staff infection chances. However, the
health care professionals were unwilling to attend to the patients in the next pandemic due
to fear of personal and family safety. This is because the workers are expected to be infected
first as they are in direct contact with their patients, which would then be transmitted to
their family members. Therefore, when healthcare professionals consider themselves at a
greater risk of a pandemic in the middle of a pandemic, their chances of reporting to their
work station are low. However, according to the respondents, the hospital management was
putting in place measures to ensure that the health care professionals were well taken care
CHAPTER 4 4 of. This includes educational training on how to protect them adequately
against the pandemic. The move would prepare the healthcare workers on the protocol

3. update on pandemic preparedness, which would reduce uncertainties. The respondents
viewed the preparedness of the hospital’s capacity to meet the infrastructure required in
the fight against a pandemic as a mixed one. The preparedness in the infrastructure was
weak, with little pandemic infrastructure presentation hence a potential challenge in
addressing the pandemic in case of an increase in the number of cases. As an important part
of the fight against a pandemic, the emergency department was identified as lacking
essential facilities to care for the patients. Based on the current pandemic that has affected
the globe, the respondents commented on the need for adequate preparedness in the
emergency department to provide the isolation centers and disease wards to handle a large
number of infected persons. Most of the interviewees cited the lack of proper measures to
handle the pandemic in healthcare facilities. The respondents also cited the need to have
expanded emergency departments or shifting the department in a new expanded space to
fully handle the high number of expected patients (Sedgwick, 2013). Although the health
care facilities reported enough supply of medical equipment, personal protective
equipment, and enough supply for medications and other necessities in managing a
pandemic, there is still the need to do more and improve on the equipment, especially in the
public health setting. The hospitals had a minimum supply of additional ventilators in case
the infected patients increase. The intensive care units also needed an urgent improvement
in terms of the hospital bed and additional ventilators. The respondents also raised
concerns over the supply of consumables and essential equipment during the epidemic in
the whole healthcare sector. Some respondents also had concerns over the health care
sector’s CHAPTER 4 5 capabilities in conducting timely tests and patient results, which
would affect the management of the pandemic. The respondents also raised a concern over
the use and selection of PPE, vaccination programs and how immunization is to be done. N
599 Aspen University Preparedness in Acute Health Care Capstone ConclusionTherefore,
there is a need for the health care facilities and the management to formulate the best
methods in guidance on the selection and use of the personal protective equipment and
immunization programs (Goodman, 2020). Communication pandemic was also a concern
for some respondents who thought there was the need to have a well prepared and well-
coordinated communication center on the pandemic. The interviewers felt that a lot needed
to be done to improve the communication on the pandemic situation, especially among the
health care professions and the patients. This was essential to prevent panic and ensure
smooth management and response to the pandemic (Christopher et al., 2020). The content
in the communication was also a major concern among the respondents on the diagnostic
and definitions. The other concern in the readiness of a pandemic in the acute health care
setting was the challenges of tracing, testing and treatment of the patients. Discussion of the
Findings The findings identified some areas that need an improvement in the acute health
care setting to adequately prepare for the management of the pandemic when it occurs. A
pandemic severity can be variable and, therefore, the need to have a plan to handle the
pandemic in the acute healthcare setting. Most of the hospitals under the survey identified
the need to have management procedures to adequately prepare the health care workers in
handling patients and ensuring their safety. The data analysis indicates the need to have
additional inpatient beds and CHAPTER 4 6 intensive care unit beds to handle the large

4. number of patients who may be infected. Also, there is a need to have a plan to take care of
the health workers and ensure that they are not at risk when taking care of the patients.
Such measures in place are essential to ensure that the workers are motivated in caring for
their patients without the worries of being infected and also putting their families at risk of
the infection. One of the major concerns among healthcare workers was the hospital
preparedness in the fight against the pandemic in both the public and the private sector
(Christopher et al., 2020). The patients’ fear in the healthcare setting due to inadequate
planning of the hospitals in the fight against a pandemic is a major concern that needs to be
addressed. Without proper plans in place and protection of the health workers against the
pandemic is a major crisis in managing the pandemic (Lopalco & Tan, 2016). Without
proper measures to support the health care professionals in the wake of a pandemic, it
would be difficult to address the pandemic. Health care professionals need an assurance of
safety against the disease for themselves and their families to effectively offer their services
in the fight against infections. N 599 Aspen University Preparedness in Acute Health Care
Capstone ConclusionThere is a need to have proper steps to educate the workers on
selecting personal protective equipment and how to safeguard themselves (Goodman,
2020). Limitation of the study The study’s major limitation is the small number of
participants in the research project and the number of hospitals with emergency
departments. The planning framework and preparedness are based only on the
respondents’ knowledge, which may be a limitation in the study in terms of data collection.
The data provided on essential equipment and infrastructures in the hospitals CHAPTER 4 7
was scanty, limiting the hospitals’ major position. The study also included qualitative data
to strengthen interview data, which may not be the case (Sedgwick, 2013).
Recommendations The research project provided important information and an overview
of the hospitals’ current situation and the need to have an improvement in areas identified.
This will ensure that the hospitals are adequately prepared in case a pandemic affects a
large percentage of the health care sector across the globe. The research project will be
presented to the local hospitals, which I believe will help them improve their health care
facilities and be more prepared in the fight against a pandemic. CHAPTER 4 8 References
Goodman, A. (2020). The Global Impact of the Zika Virus Pandemic: The Importance of
Emergency Preparedness. Health, 12(02), 132-140.
https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2020.122012 Lopalco, P., & Tan, L. (2016). Pandemic
vaccines: are we prepared for the next pandemic?. Future Virology, 11(4), 253-258.
https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2016-0020 Edwards, R., & Brannelly, T. (2017). Approaches to
democratizing qualitative research methods. Qualitative Research, 17(3), 271-277.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794117706869 Christopher, D., Isaac, B., Rupali, P., &
Thangakunam, B. (2020). Healthcare preparedness and healthcare worker protection in
COVID-19 pandemic. Lung India, 37(3), 238.
https://doi.org/10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_189_20 METHOD 1 Capstone Method Mariann
England Aspen University Nursing Capstone Dr. Julie Kolde July 13, 2020 METHOD 2
METHOD Procedure This study uses a cohort study design to establish the cause of the
ailment and identify links between risk factors. Local hospitals with an operational
intensive care unit and emergency department will be recognized and contacted via

5. telephone to help identify the emergency management coordinators in charge of emergency
management, planning, and operations. A structured questionnaire was prepared based on
an existing pandemic management plan. The survey has its main sections as facility
planning data, workforce glitches and structure, and surge capacity. The questionnaire was
piloted using a representative number of individuals. Data was collected and computed for
univariate and bivariate analysis. N 599 Aspen University Preparedness in Acute Health
Care Capstone ConclusionA qualitative approach is then used for text responses (Edwards &
Brannelly, 2017). The cohort study method is applicable in this research as a non-
experimental study where the participants included in the study are selected based on the
interests in the research outcome. The study uses the study design to assess the level of
preparedness in a pandemic in the acute health care setting. The cohort study involves local
hospitals designed to handle intensive care to patients affected by a pandemic. Subjects and
participants The research focused on local hospitals with intensive healthcare facilities and
emergency departments contacted on the research via telephone. The selected hospitals
were subjected to the research. The management in the emergency department and the
management in intensive care will be required to fill a pre-prepared questionnaire. These
are the most important sources of information on how their health facilities are prepared to
fight against a pandemic. The research METHOD 3 design requires that the participants be
subjected to training on how the response should be made (MacKay et al., 2020). Collection
of Data Primary and secondary data were collected in the research in which the participants
provided the primary source of data. In contrast, the qualitative approach on review of past
research works on pandemic preparedness was used. The primary data involved the use of
a prepared questionnaire based on past research work on pandemic preparedness.. In
addition, interviews were also good sources of information on how acute healthcare
facilities are prepared in the management of the pandemic. The interviews involved 20
healthcare professionals in the emergency and intensive care unit based on their roles in
the health care facilities. A qualitative case study was used to collect secondary data on the
preparedness of the health care facilities in the fight and management of the pandemic in
the acute health care setting. There was a need to prevent biases, and therefore, the
information was sourced from two independent sources: the information provided by the
ministry of health and the internet which provided reviewed articles on the readiness of the
acute health care setting in containing a pandemic. The internet database provided such
materials from Google Scholar and included search terms such as pandemic readiness in the
acute health care setting, and how are health care prepared in the fight against the next
pandemic? Information provided by healthcare facilities included their procedures in
handling the infected patients at the emergency department and the intensive care unit
(Edwards & Brannelly, 2017). In the qualitative research methods, the case study approach
was more effective in collecting data through a literature review of previous studies on the
same topic. This provided important information required in the research on the
preparedness in the event of a pandemic. METHOD 4 Advantage of the data collection
strategy The strategy used in collecting data has its advantages over the other methods in
the study and therefore considered the most appropriate research method for the study.
This is because the cohort study method provides an opportunity to have clarity of the

6. temporal sequence, which determines whether the exposure preceded the expected
outcomes. The cohort study method clearly indicates the temporal sequence in the outcome
and the exposure. The study also provides an opportunity for the calculation of incidences
of the likelihood of a disease, which can be grouped as absolute risk, relative risk,
attributable proportion, and risk difference. The multiple outcomes of the study can also be
determined simultaneously. Qualitative data collection is also important in research given
that the researcher can be more speculative on the interest areas of research and how the
investigation is to be done. The research is also more targeted in the whole process, which
improves data collection process while minimizing the cost of the data collection process.
Limitations Despite the advantages of the cohort study strategy, some limitations may make
the research process a challenge. For instance, a researcher is expected to conduct a follow
up of a large subject over a long period, the study method may be expensive and also
consumes a lot of time, may introduce bias as a result of differential loss of participants
follow up, data may be of poor quality if the data used was not designed for this type of
study (Sedgwick, 2013). In qualitative analysis, the limitation of the study method is that the
strategy may be timeconsuming, which remains a major drawback in a research method. N
599 Aspen University Preparedness in Acute Health Care Capstone ConclusionThe
interpretation of the data may also be limited. This is because; qualitative methods may take
between weeks and months METHOD 5 and given that the collection of data may deviate
from the main study question. The process is also labor-intensive due to the analysis
process, such as recording and categorization and requires a very experienced researcher to
obtain the required information. Finally, the research strategy is not representative
statistically. This is because the strategy is based on perspectives, and the responses given
are not measured. Also, the research may result in comparison, which may lead to
duplication. Therefore, there is a need to cross-examine the data collected to avoid
duplication (Sedgwick, 2013). Ethical Issues on Collection Upon the participants Ethical
consideration that was considered in the research study includes informed consent,
voluntary participation, confidentiality and anonymity. Information consent ensures that
the participants in the research are fully aware of the project. In this regard, the participants
were briefed on the study’s expectations to make an informed decision on their
participation. Participation in the research was voluntary, and they were allowed to
withdraw from the research without discriminations. Finally, the participants’
confidentiality was maintained, and their information was to be confidential only to the
program coordinator, and therefore no use of names was done. This ensures that
participants remain anonymous (Velip, 2018). Data Analysis The collected data were
subjected to statistical analysis, which included collecting the data, analysis, interpretation
and modeling. The analysis involved a descriptive analysis of a set of collected samples and
data. The analysis involved statistical tools in computing the data collected from the
participants. METHOD 6 References Edwards, R., & Brannelly, T. (2017). Approaches to
democratizing qualitative research methods. Qualitative Research, 17(3), 271-277.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794117706869 Velip, P. (2018). Ethical Issues in Research
Writing. International Journal Of Trend In Scientific Research And Development, Volume-
2(Issue-5), 2429-2432. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd18329 MacKay, D., Jecker, N.,

7. Pitisuttithum, P., & Saylor, K. (2020). Selecting participants fairly for controlled human
infection studies. Bioethics. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12778 Sedgwick, P. (2013).
Prospective cohort studies: advantages and disadvantages. BMJ, 347(nov08 1), f6726-
f6726. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f6726 Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1
Literature Review Mariann England Aspen University Nursing Capstone Dr. Julie Kolde July
6, 2020 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 Analysis of literature In the event of a pandemic, most of
the population is exposed to the high rate of the pandemic, which remains at 40-60 % of the
affected population. However, the lack of the necessary guidelines and standards in the fight
against the pandemic can be the most important failure in the acute health care setting.
Therefore, it is important for the healthcare setting to be ready and well prepared with
measures and strategies in place to counter the effects of a pandemic. The world has
witnessed different incidences of pandemics that remain a major health burden to many
different countries. One kind of pandemic is Influenza, which affects a large population of
different countries. Due to the growth of urbanization and global transportation, it is
evident that, in the case of a pandemic, it is likely to spread rapidly across the world.
Therefore, Pandemic readiness in the acute health care setti …N 599 Aspen University
Preparedness in Acute Health Care Capstone Conclusion