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相似形
想一想,生活中的”相似”是什麼
?
數學裡,
相似形的意義又是什麼呢?
需要什麼條件呢?
用什麼符號表示呢?
放大圖與縮小圖
甲
乙
甲圖是乙圖的 倍縮小圖
乙圖是甲圖的2倍放大圖
(1)丙圖是乙圖的_____倍縮小圖,
也是甲圖的 _____倍縮小圖
(2)丙圖的面積是乙圖面積的___倍,
也是甲圖面積的____倍
甲
乙
丙
全開
30吋.42吋
4開
15吋.21吋
16開
7.5吋.10.5吋
p22
如下圖,長方形ABCD與長方形AEFG中
(1)長方形ABCD是長方形AEFG的幾倍放大圖?
(2)長方形ABCD的面積是長方形AEFG的幾倍?
p23
A
G
D
E B
F
C
3
2
3
倍
9倍
6
9
p24
放大成兩
倍
p24
放大成兩
倍
p25
放大成兩
倍
p25
縮小成
倍
我們如何才能確定兩個圖形是相似的呢?
相似的意義:
一圖形經放大或縮小後,可得與原圖形狀大小相
同(全等)的新圖形,稱為原圖的相似形
相似形的性質:對應角相等且對應邊長成比例
相似的符號:~
相似形的意義
p26
放大成兩
倍
A
B
C
D
A’
B’
C’
D’
A的對應點A’
B的對應點B’
C的對應點C’
D的對應點D’
相似形的意義
p26
放大成兩
倍
A
B
C
D
A’
B’
C’
D’
A的對應點 A’
B的對應點 B’
C的對應點 C’
D的對應點 D’
相似形的意義
p26
放大成兩
倍
A
B
C
D
A’
B’
C’
D’
AB的對應邊A’B’
BC的對應邊B’C’
CD的對應邊C’D’
AD的對應邊A’D’
相似形的意義P26
放大成兩
倍
A
B
C
D
A’
B’
C’
D’
AB:A’B’
=BC:B’C’
=CD:C’D’
=AD:A’D’
邊長比都相等,都是2:1
稱對應邊成比例
兩個多邊形的對應角相等且對應邊成比例,則這
兩個多邊形稱為相似多邊形,以符號〔~〕表示
相似的關係,讀作〔相似於〕
如下圖,已知四邊形ABCD與四邊形EFGH的對
應角相等且對應邊都成比例,則四邊形ABCD是
四邊形EFGH的相似形,記為四邊形ABCD ~四
邊形EFGH,反過來說,四邊形EFGH 是四邊形
ABCD的相似形,記為
A B
C
D
E
G
H
四邊形 EFGH ~四邊形
ABCD
P27
P27
P27
如果四邊形ABCD相似於四邊形EFGH,且A、B
、C、D的對應點分別為 E、F、G、H,
AB:EF= BC:FG=CD:GH=AD:EH且
∠A=∠E,∠B=∠F,∠C=∠G,∠D=∠H
,記為四邊形ABCD~四邊形EFGH。
A B
C
D
E F
G
H
P28
小試身手
如果四邊形ABCD~四邊形EFGH,且A、B、C
、D的對應點分別為 E、F、G、H,已知∠A=
135O,且∠B:∠C:∠D=2:3:4,請問∠H
的度數為何?
解 ∠B+∠C+∠D = 360O-135O
= 215O
設∠B = 2r度,∠C = 3r度,∠D=4r度
2r+ 3r+4r =215,9r =215,所以r =25
∠H =∠D=4r=4.25 度 =100度
試試看將你的圖形與同學比對看看,你的圖
形與同學的圖形有相似或全等嗎?
請同學分別畫
(1)一個正方形
(2)一個長方形
(3)邊長為3公分與4公分的菱形,
(4)一個梯形( 60度、120度、135度、45度)
(5)邊長分別為2 、 2 、 3、3及6、6、4、4的四邊形
(6)邊長分別為3、3、4的三角形
(7)角度分別為45度、60度、105度的三角形
P29
P29
結論:
●兩個四邊(含以上)的多邊形僅有
對應角都相等時,圖形不一定會相似
●僅有對應邊都成比例時,也不一定
會
相似
等高三角形面積的比等於底邊的比
P30
等高三角形面積的比等於底邊的比
P30
隨堂練習1P31
有沒有看到高相同?
隨堂練習2P31
有沒有看到高相同?
P32 A
B C
P Q
P
B C
Q
(1)△QPB面積=△PQC面積?
:
(2)
=△QPB面積:△QBP面積?
=
:
因為 高相
同
因為 同底等高( )
P32 A
B C
P Q
(2)
=△QAP面積:△QBP面積?
:
因為 高相
同
B
A
P Q
P32 A
B C
P Q
(3)
=△PQA面積:△PQC面積?
:
因為 高相
同 A
C
P Q
P32
A
B C
P Q
=△QAP面積:△QBP面積
:
=△PQA面積:△PQC面
積 :=
探討三角形全等性質時,我們知道由三角形的邊
角可形成下列六種情形
SSS SSA SAS AAA AAS ASA
其中 SSA不一定全等,只有在角度為直角時,
才會全等,而AAA則不會全等
三角形的相似性質有那些呢?

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相似形20090831