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相似形20090831
1.
相似形
2.
想一想,生活中的”相似”是什麼 ? 數學裡, 相似形的意義又是什麼呢? 需要什麼條件呢? 用什麼符號表示呢?
3.
放大圖與縮小圖 甲 乙 甲圖是乙圖的 倍縮小圖 乙圖是甲圖的2倍放大圖
4.
(1)丙圖是乙圖的_____倍縮小圖, 也是甲圖的 _____倍縮小圖 (2)丙圖的面積是乙圖面積的___倍, 也是甲圖面積的____倍 甲 乙 丙 全開 30吋.42吋 4開 15吋.21吋 16開 7.5吋.10.5吋 p22
5.
如下圖,長方形ABCD與長方形AEFG中 (1)長方形ABCD是長方形AEFG的幾倍放大圖? (2)長方形ABCD的面積是長方形AEFG的幾倍? p23 A G D E B F C 3 2 3 倍 9倍 6 9
6.
p24 放大成兩 倍
7.
p24 放大成兩 倍
8.
p25 放大成兩 倍
9.
p25 縮小成 倍
10.
我們如何才能確定兩個圖形是相似的呢? 相似的意義: 一圖形經放大或縮小後,可得與原圖形狀大小相 同(全等)的新圖形,稱為原圖的相似形 相似形的性質:對應角相等且對應邊長成比例 相似的符號:~
11.
相似形的意義 p26 放大成兩 倍 A B C D A’ B’ C’ D’ A的對應點A’ B的對應點B’ C的對應點C’ D的對應點D’
12.
相似形的意義 p26 放大成兩 倍 A B C D A’ B’ C’ D’ A的對應點 A’ B的對應點 B’ C的對應點
C’ D的對應點 D’
13.
相似形的意義 p26 放大成兩 倍 A B C D A’ B’ C’ D’ AB的對應邊A’B’ BC的對應邊B’C’ CD的對應邊C’D’ AD的對應邊A’D’
14.
相似形的意義P26 放大成兩 倍 A B C D A’ B’ C’ D’ AB:A’B’ =BC:B’C’ =CD:C’D’ =AD:A’D’ 邊長比都相等,都是2:1 稱對應邊成比例
15.
兩個多邊形的對應角相等且對應邊成比例,則這 兩個多邊形稱為相似多邊形,以符號〔~〕表示 相似的關係,讀作〔相似於〕 如下圖,已知四邊形ABCD與四邊形EFGH的對 應角相等且對應邊都成比例,則四邊形ABCD是 四邊形EFGH的相似形,記為四邊形ABCD ~四 邊形EFGH,反過來說,四邊形EFGH 是四邊形 ABCD的相似形,記為 A
B C D E G H 四邊形 EFGH ~四邊形 ABCD P27
16.
P27
17.
P27
18.
如果四邊形ABCD相似於四邊形EFGH,且A、B 、C、D的對應點分別為 E、F、G、H, AB:EF= BC:FG=CD:GH=AD:EH且 ∠A=∠E,∠B=∠F,∠C=∠G,∠D=∠H ,記為四邊形ABCD~四邊形EFGH。 A
B C D E F G H
19.
P28
20.
小試身手 如果四邊形ABCD~四邊形EFGH,且A、B、C 、D的對應點分別為 E、F、G、H,已知∠A= 135O,且∠B:∠C:∠D=2:3:4,請問∠H 的度數為何? 解 ∠B+∠C+∠D
= 360O-135O = 215O 設∠B = 2r度,∠C = 3r度,∠D=4r度 2r+ 3r+4r =215,9r =215,所以r =25 ∠H =∠D=4r=4.25 度 =100度
21.
試試看將你的圖形與同學比對看看,你的圖 形與同學的圖形有相似或全等嗎? 請同學分別畫 (1)一個正方形 (2)一個長方形 (3)邊長為3公分與4公分的菱形, (4)一個梯形( 60度、120度、135度、45度) (5)邊長分別為2 、
2 、 3、3及6、6、4、4的四邊形 (6)邊長分別為3、3、4的三角形 (7)角度分別為45度、60度、105度的三角形 P29
22.
P29 結論: ●兩個四邊(含以上)的多邊形僅有 對應角都相等時,圖形不一定會相似 ●僅有對應邊都成比例時,也不一定 會 相似
23.
等高三角形面積的比等於底邊的比 P30
24.
等高三角形面積的比等於底邊的比 P30
25.
隨堂練習1P31 有沒有看到高相同?
26.
隨堂練習2P31 有沒有看到高相同?
27.
P32 A B C P
Q P B C Q (1)△QPB面積=△PQC面積? : (2) =△QPB面積:△QBP面積? = : 因為 高相 同 因為 同底等高( )
28.
P32 A B C P
Q (2) =△QAP面積:△QBP面積? : 因為 高相 同 B A P Q
29.
P32 A B C P
Q (3) =△PQA面積:△PQC面積? : 因為 高相 同 A C P Q
30.
P32 A B C P Q =△QAP面積:△QBP面積 : =△PQA面積:△PQC面 積
:=
31.
32.
33.
探討三角形全等性質時,我們知道由三角形的邊 角可形成下列六種情形 SSS SSA SAS
AAA AAS ASA 其中 SSA不一定全等,只有在角度為直角時, 才會全等,而AAA則不會全等 三角形的相似性質有那些呢?
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