1. Etiology of malocclusion
Midfacial deficiency :
1. Achondroplasia
2. Craniofacial dystosis( crouzonsyndrom)
3. Teratogen( ethyl alcohol)
Cleft lip and palate :
1. Cliedocranialdystosis
2. Mandibulofacial dystosis( treachercollin'ssyndrome)
3. Teratogen ___ Aspirin
Valium
Cigarette
Dilantin
4. Rebulla(viral infection)
5. Nutritonal deficiency___ vit B12 deficiency
Folicaciddeficiency
Insulin deficiency
6. Hypervitaminosis
7. Pierre ribonsyndrome
Open bite:
1. Craniofacial dystosis( crouzonsyndrome)
2. Hypopituitarism( dwarfism)
3. Hypothyrodism( cretinismandmxyedema)
4. Hyperthyrodism( grave'sdisease)
5. Hemimandibularhypertrophy
6. VitD defiency( rickets)

2. Class II :
1. Mandibulofacial dystosis( treachercollin'ssyndrome)
2. VitD deficiency(rickets)
3. Hypothyrodism( cretinismandmxydema)
4. Injuryat birth
Class III :
1. Achondroplasia
2. Craniofacial dystosis( crouzonsyndrome)
3. Cliedocranialdystosis
4. Fetal molding
5. Hyperpituitarism( acromegalyandgigantism)
6. Congenital syphlis
Azhar Mohammed Abdulqader