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22 液相色谱技术 Chromatography
背景 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
色谱法的基本原理 ,[object Object]
慢 中等 快 色谱分离 Temporal  course 淋洗液
22.1 色谱的基本概念 ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],两个相邻洗脱峰之间的距离与两个峰宽的代数平均值 .
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],N --- 理论塔板数  t R --- 保留时间 W 1/2 --- 半峰宽  W b --- 峰底宽度 ,[object Object],L --- 柱长
22.2  色谱分离方法的分类 ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
22.3  各类色谱技术及应用   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
凝胶过滤技术 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
分子筛凝胶色谱原理
[object Object],分配系数 m 影响因素 : 分子量 ,  分子形状 , gel 孔径结构;与 pH, I, T 无关 .
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
凝胶粒径:软 gel 粒径较大,在 50-150  m 之间;硬 gel 较小,在 5-50  m 之间。粒径越小, HETP 越小,分离效率越高。 床体积 (bed volume) : 1g 干燥 gel 溶胀后所占有的体积。如,  Sephadex G50 的床体积为 9-11 cm 3 /g 干胶。 空隙体积 (void volume) :凝胶之间的空隙体积,即 V 0 。 空隙体积一般用平均分子量在 2000KD 水溶性蓝葡聚糖 (blue dextran) 测定 。
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
离子交换色谱 ,[object Object]
原理  (ion exchanger chromatography, IEC) 1 st   荷电溶质在离子交换剂上的分配系数 m I - 离子强度; A 和 B 为常数 ,  均为 pH 的函数,在物理意义上, B 为溶质的静电荷数与交换剂的离子价数之比 ( 对于 pro, 一般大于 10) 。 m  - 离子强度无限大时的溶质分配系数 ,  为静电作用外的非特异性吸附引起的溶质在交换剂上分配。 2 nd   意义: 对于 pro. 和 aa 调节 I  value 调节 |pH – pI| value
常用的离子交换树脂 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mini Q PC 3.2/3: Glutathione synthetase SDS-PAGE Starting material Peak 2
操作 1 st   恒定洗脱 (Sephadex 常用 ) 缺点:洗脱体积大 , 溶质洗脱不尽
2 nd   线性梯度洗脱 (linear gradient elution)  线性梯度洗脱的优缺点 优点:流动相 I/pH  连续变化,不易出现干扰峰,操作范围广; 缺点:需要特殊的浓度梯度设备,如 梯度混合器 。
3 rd  阶梯洗脱法 (stepwise elution) 优点 :无须特殊设备,操作简单; 缺点 :流动相浓度不断变化,易出现干扰峰,容易出现多组分洗脱峰重叠的现象。
线性洗脱时间 定义: GH dI/dV- 离子强度梯度 (mol/l) , F- 流动相流量 (l/s). 利用 GH 和 I p 关系图及上述方程,可算 t r
分离度和柱效 1 st   分离度 意义 : 4 因素可控制 2 nd   柱效 意义: I+dI I m i 富集效应
[object Object]
疏水性吸附色谱 ( hydrophobic interaction chromatography, HIC) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Tight hydration shell Protein core Loose hydration shell 洗脱方法 ?
[object Object],降低离子强度 增加 |pH – pI| [ 乙二醇 ] or [I - ] [ 表面活性剂 ] 4) 、富集效应 I+dI I m i
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
反相色谱 reversed phase chromatography, RPC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Influence of Particle Size on the Separation effect 30µm 15µm 5µm
Source RPC
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[ 有机溶剂 ]
亲和色谱 ( Affinity chromatography ) 载体活化、配基连接、吸附、洗脱
生物亲和作用和亲和纯化技术 ,[object Object],[object Object]
亲和纯化技术的发展 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
生物亲和作用 - 本质 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
亲和作用中的相互作用力 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
影响亲和作用的因素 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
亲和作用体系 凝集素 -- 糖、糖蛋白、细胞表面受体 酶、蛋白质 -- 过渡金属离子( Cu 2+ ,Zn 2+ ) 酶 -- 辅酶 免疫球蛋白 --A 蛋白、 G 蛋白 群特异性 核酸 -- 互补碱基链段 荷尔蒙 -- 受体蛋白 抗原 -- 单克隆抗体 酶 -- 底物、产物、抑制剂 高特异性 亲和体系 特异性
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
亲和层析原理 ,[object Object]
亲和层析 - 操作过程
亲和配基 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
亲和吸附介质 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
亲和配基固定化 ,[object Object],[object Object],溴化腈活化法: -NH 2 , 在碱性条件下完成。 环氧基活化法:  -NH 2 , -OH, -SH 直接固定法和间接固定法(氧化法,碳二亚胺法,戊二醛活化法) 硅胶的活化法 : -OH ,不宜在碱性条件下进行。
间隔臂的作用 ,[object Object],[object Object]
过程及影响 因素 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
目标产物洗脱 ,[object Object],[object Object],例:精氨酸溶液洗脱赖氨酸为配基亲和吸附的 t -PA
目标产物洗脱 ,[object Object],柱子: BSA-Sepharose 4B  洗脱方式:逐次降低洗脱液 pH 值 分离组分: BSA 血清不同的抗体组分。
应用举例 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],柱子:精氨酸 -Sepharose  4B 亲和柱 洗脱液:盐酸胍( GuCl) 猪心组织 t-PA : 活性提高 7 倍,收率为 56%
22.4  蛋白质分离常用的色谱方法 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
22.5  色谱系统 高通量液相色谱系统 分析型色谱系统
AKTA explorer 100 色谱系统
AKTA explorer 100 色谱系统工作流程
 
HPLC
HPLC
AIEX Technique Purification factor Q Sepharose FF ,[object Object],[object Object],Phenyl Sepharose HP HIC Y.-F. Liao et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 28348 Purification of recombinant   -mannosidase from  Pichia pastoris Ultrafiltration UF Superdex 200 p.g. GF 63 622 719
多肽的分离纯化
蛋白的纯化
 
 
G Protein Receptor Kinase Purification Technique Ppt HIC AIEX CIEX AC Purification factor 7 20 2408 18647 Porcine cerebella homogenate RESOURCE Q Ammonium sulfate precipitation Butyl Sepharose Fast Flow RESOURCE s HiTrap Heparin
Rec   -Mannosidase Purification from Pichia Technique Purification factor 63 622 719 UF GF AIEX HIC Phenyl Sepharose HP Q Sepharose FF Superdex 200 pg Ultrafiltration
DNA Binding Protein Purification Technique DNA-1 Sepharose   CIEX AC AC AC CIEX Purification factor 5 8 4943 9 2447 HeLa cell nuclear extracts SP Sepharose High Performance Heparin Sepharose  Fast Flow DNA-2 Sepharose   Mono S
思考题 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 

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液相色谱技术

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. 慢 中等 快 色谱分离 Temporal course 淋洗液
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.  
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.  
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.  
  • 24.
  • 25. 凝胶粒径:软 gel 粒径较大,在 50-150  m 之间;硬 gel 较小,在 5-50  m 之间。粒径越小, HETP 越小,分离效率越高。 床体积 (bed volume) : 1g 干燥 gel 溶胀后所占有的体积。如, Sephadex G50 的床体积为 9-11 cm 3 /g 干胶。 空隙体积 (void volume) :凝胶之间的空隙体积,即 V 0 。 空隙体积一般用平均分子量在 2000KD 水溶性蓝葡聚糖 (blue dextran) 测定 。
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34. 原理 (ion exchanger chromatography, IEC) 1 st 荷电溶质在离子交换剂上的分配系数 m I - 离子强度; A 和 B 为常数 , 均为 pH 的函数,在物理意义上, B 为溶质的静电荷数与交换剂的离子价数之比 ( 对于 pro, 一般大于 10) 。 m  - 离子强度无限大时的溶质分配系数 , 为静电作用外的非特异性吸附引起的溶质在交换剂上分配。 2 nd 意义: 对于 pro. 和 aa 调节 I value 调节 |pH – pI| value
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. Mini Q PC 3.2/3: Glutathione synthetase SDS-PAGE Starting material Peak 2
  • 38. 操作 1 st 恒定洗脱 (Sephadex 常用 ) 缺点:洗脱体积大 , 溶质洗脱不尽
  • 39. 2 nd 线性梯度洗脱 (linear gradient elution) 线性梯度洗脱的优缺点 优点:流动相 I/pH 连续变化,不易出现干扰峰,操作范围广; 缺点:需要特殊的浓度梯度设备,如 梯度混合器 。
  • 40. 3 rd 阶梯洗脱法 (stepwise elution) 优点 :无须特殊设备,操作简单; 缺点 :流动相浓度不断变化,易出现干扰峰,容易出现多组分洗脱峰重叠的现象。
  • 41. 线性洗脱时间 定义: GH dI/dV- 离子强度梯度 (mol/l) , F- 流动相流量 (l/s). 利用 GH 和 I p 关系图及上述方程,可算 t r
  • 42. 分离度和柱效 1 st 分离度 意义 : 4 因素可控制 2 nd 柱效 意义: I+dI I m i 富集效应
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.  
  • 46.  
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53. Influence of Particle Size on the Separation effect 30µm 15µm 5µm
  • 55.
  • 56. 亲和色谱 ( Affinity chromatography ) 载体活化、配基连接、吸附、洗脱
  • 57.
  • 58.
  • 59.
  • 60.
  • 61.
  • 62. 亲和作用体系 凝集素 -- 糖、糖蛋白、细胞表面受体 酶、蛋白质 -- 过渡金属离子( Cu 2+ ,Zn 2+ ) 酶 -- 辅酶 免疫球蛋白 --A 蛋白、 G 蛋白 群特异性 核酸 -- 互补碱基链段 荷尔蒙 -- 受体蛋白 抗原 -- 单克隆抗体 酶 -- 底物、产物、抑制剂 高特异性 亲和体系 特异性
  • 63.
  • 64.
  • 66.
  • 67.
  • 68.
  • 69.
  • 70.
  • 71.
  • 72.
  • 73.
  • 74.
  • 75.
  • 76.
  • 77.
  • 78. 22.5 色谱系统 高通量液相色谱系统 分析型色谱系统
  • 79. AKTA explorer 100 色谱系统
  • 80. AKTA explorer 100 色谱系统工作流程
  • 81.  
  • 82. HPLC
  • 83. HPLC
  • 84.
  • 87.  
  • 88.  
  • 89. G Protein Receptor Kinase Purification Technique Ppt HIC AIEX CIEX AC Purification factor 7 20 2408 18647 Porcine cerebella homogenate RESOURCE Q Ammonium sulfate precipitation Butyl Sepharose Fast Flow RESOURCE s HiTrap Heparin
  • 90. Rec  -Mannosidase Purification from Pichia Technique Purification factor 63 622 719 UF GF AIEX HIC Phenyl Sepharose HP Q Sepharose FF Superdex 200 pg Ultrafiltration
  • 91. DNA Binding Protein Purification Technique DNA-1 Sepharose CIEX AC AC AC CIEX Purification factor 5 8 4943 9 2447 HeLa cell nuclear extracts SP Sepharose High Performance Heparin Sepharose Fast Flow DNA-2 Sepharose Mono S
  • 92.
  • 93.
  • 94.  

Editor's Notes

  1. 问题: 1 、珍珠港事件 ---- 蛋白流失,感染 2 、急性肾炎 ---- 蛋白流失