The document defines and provides examples of several literary devices: simile, hyperbole, irony, oxymoron, paradox, and litotes. Simile involves a direct comparison between two unlike things using "as", "like", or "so". Hyperbole uses exaggerated statements. Irony's true meaning is the opposite of what is said. Oxymoron combines contradictory terms. Paradox expresses self-contradictory ideas that are true. Litotes uses understatement to emphasize a positive feeling.

1. Project in English
 Simile
Define Simile:
Figure of speech is Simile when a direct comparison is made between two objects of different
kinds which have at least one point in common. For producing Simile, words „AS‟, „LIKE‟ and
„SO‟ are used.
Examples of Figure of Speech Simile.
a) He fought like a lion.
Explanation: The bravery of „HE‟ is directly compared to that as of a „Lion‟.
b) It is as good as gold.
c) You are like my son
Explanation: In both above examples, figure of speech is Simile because a direct comparison has
been made between two things.
Figure of Speech Simile is quite simple.
 “cute as a kitten,” comparing the way someone looks to the way a kitten looks
 “as busy as a bee” comparing someone‟s level of energy to a fast-flying bee
 Hyperbole
Hyperbole Definition:
When an exaggerated over statement is made then the figure of speech is Hyperbole.
Examples of hyperbole:

2. a) I shed million buckets of tears.
b) Are worth all your laurels.
 Why would the son of god confuse us by using hyperbole?
 This isn't mere hyperbole, this isn't myth, this is a fact.
 As a keynote speaker his style is challenging, honest and goading; free of business school
hyperbole, he makes his audience think.
 Irony
Define Irony:
In Irony, real meaning is exactly the opposite of that which is said.
a) Such an intelligent man that you can‟t solve math.
b) Such a good goal keeper that he cannot stop a single goal.
 She also wears a crop top bearing the beatles logo, proving her stylist, at least, appreciates
irony.
 Finally, i am struck by one irony behind all this.
 For in a cruel irony, the bombing raids had saved the day.
 Oxymoron
Define Oxymoron:
Oxymoron is a special form of antithesis where two contradictory qualities are predicted at once.
Examples of Oxymoron:
a) His honor rooted dishonor stood.
b) He was the wisest fool.

3. c) Monument is terrific beauty.
d) I clearly misunderstood that word.
The fact that they broke up is old news
 Paradox
Paradox Definition:
In this figure of speech, absurd things are expressed but they are true. In paradox, self-
contradictory ideas are expressed but they are true.
Examples of Paradox:
a) Philosophers are fools.
b) Let him be rich and weary.
c) India is the richest country in the world but it is inhabited by the poorest persons.
 Pardon the seeming paradox; i mean what i say.
 Explain how the supervaluationist uses this notion to respond to the sorites paradox.

 Litotes
Litotes Definition:
In this figure of speech, a negative statement is used to emphasize a strong affirmative (positive)
feeling.
a) The boy is no fool. (the boy is clever)
b) I am not a little surprised. (I am greatly surprised0
A. She's not the brightest girl in the class. (She's stupid!)
B. He's not the most handsome fellow! (he's ugly!)

4. C. They aren't the happiest couple around. (they're unhappy)
Examples of Idioms
1. To kick the bucket - to die. 'I heard the mafia boss had kicked the bucket'
2. After one's own heart - having the same ideas, preferences or behaviours as oneself. 'You like dunking
rich tea biscuits too, a man after my own heart'
3. To add fuel to fire - to make a situation worse. 'First he dropped the pot plant, then adding fuel to the
fire he trod on it'
4. A little bird told me - information gained from someone who you are not going to name. 'Let's just say
I know about it because a little bird told me'.
5. Kettle of fish - A situation different or alternative to some other situation, but not nec. unfavourable.
'Oh, you mean knitting a jumper, well that's a different kettle of fish entirely'.
Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object
1.You can sell him a piece of necklace.2.Can
money bring me happiness?3.They showed
them a photograph.4.Should I give my enemy
a free hotdog?5. I t o l d t h e m a j o k e . 6.I
handed him a piece of paper.7.I promised her
a delicious dinner.8.Andrew's uncle saves
him a piece of cake.9.That photographer
teaches them mathematics.10.Of the entire woman
in the world, Michelle gave me a kiss