A magician, also known as a mage, warlock, witch, wizard/wizardess, enchanter/enchantress, sorcerer/sorceress or spell caster, is someone who uses or practices magic derived from supernatural, occult, or arcane sources. Magicians are common figures in works of fantasy

1. Magician
A ​magician​, also known as a mage, warlock, witch,
wizard/wizardess, enchanter/enchantress, sorcerer/sorceress or
spell caster, is someone who uses or practices ​magic ​derived from
supernatural, occult, or arcane sources. Magicians are common
figures in works of fantasy, such as fantasy literature and
role-playing games, and enjoy a rich history in mythology, legends,
fiction, and folklore.
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2.
Character archetypes
In ​medieval ​chivalric romance, the wizard often appears as a wise
old man and acts as a mentor, with Merlin from the King Arthur
stories being a prime example. Wizards such as Gandalf in The Lord
of the Rings and Albus Dumbledore from Harry Potter are also
featured as mentors, and Merlin remains prominent as both an
educative force and mentor in modern works of Arthuriana. Other
magicians​, such as Saruman from The Lord of the Rings or Lord
Voldemort from Harry Potter, can appear as hostile villains.
Villainous sorcerers were so crucial to pulp fantasy that the genre in
which they appeared was dubbed sword and sorcery.
Ursula K. Le Guin's A Wizard of Earthsea explored the question of
how wizards learned their art, introducing to modern fantasy the
role of the wizard as protagonist. This theme has been further
developed in modern fantasy, often leading to wizards as heroes on
their own quests. Such heroes may have their own mentor, a wizard
as well.
Wizards can be cast similarly to the absent-minded professor:
being foolish and prone to misconjuring. They can also be capable
of great ​magic​, both good or evil. Even comical wizards are often
capable of great feats, such as those of Miracle Max in The Princess

3. Bride; although he is a washed-up wizard fired by the villain, he
saves the dying hero.
Appearance
Wizards are often depicted as old, white-haired, and with long
white beards majestic enough to occasionally host lurking
woodland creatures. This depiction predates the modern fantasy
genre, being derived from the traditional image of wizards such as
Merlin. A famous magician who noticeably entered popular culture
is Yen Sid from the Walt Disney Pictures film Fantasia.

4. In the Dragonlance campaign setting of the Dungeons & Dragons
role-playing game, wizards show their moral alignment by their
robes.
Terry Pratchett described robes as a magician's way of establishing
to those they meet that they are capable of practicing magic.
Limits
To introduce conflict, writers of fantasy fiction often place limits on
the magical abilities of wizards to prevent them from solving
problems too easily. In Larry Niven's The Magic Goes Away, once an
area's mana is exhausted, no one can use magic. A common limit
invented by Jack Vance in his The Dying Earth series, and later
popularized in role-playing games is that a wizard can only cast a
specific number of spells in a day.
Magic ​can also require various sacrifices or the use of certain
materials, such as gemstones, blood, or a live sacrifice. Even if the
magician lacks scruples, obtaining the material may be difficult. A.
K. Moonfire combines these limits in his book The Aubrey Stalking
Portal. The magician expends power to fuel his spells, but does not
replenish that power naturally; therefore, he must make sacrifices
to generate more magical power.
The extent of a wizard's knowledge is limited to which spells a
wizard knows and can cast. Magic may also be limited by its danger;

5. if a powerful spell can cause grave harm if miscast, wizards are
likely to be wary of using it. Other forms of magic are limited by
consequences that, while not inherently dangerous, are at least
undesirable. In A Wizard of Earthsea, every act of magic distorts the
equilibrium of the world, which in turn has far-reaching
consequences that can affect the entire world and everything in it.
As a result, competent wizards do not use their magic frivolously.
In Terry Pratchett's Discworld series, the Law of Conservation of
Reality is a principle imposed by forces wanting wizards to not
destroy the world, and works to limit how much power it is
humanly possible to wield. Whatever your means, the effort put
into reaching the ends stays the same. For example, when the
wizards of Unseen University are chasing the hapless wizard
Rincewind in the forest of Sound, the wizards send out search
teams to go and find him on foot. The Archchancellor beats them to
it by using a powerful spell from his own office, and while he gets
there first by clever use of his spell, he has used no less effort than
the others.
Names and terminology
People who work magic are called by several names in fantasy
works, and terminology differs widely from one fantasy world to
another. While derived from real-world vocabulary, the terms
wizard, witch, warlock, enchanter/enchantress, sorcerer(ess),

6. druid(ess), magician, mage, and magus have different meanings
depending upon context and the story in question.
The term archmage is used in fantasy works as a title for a powerful
magician or a leader of magicians.
Reasons for distinguishing magicians
In the Enchanted Forest ​Chronicles​, Patricia Wrede depicts wizards
who use magic based on their staves and magicians who practice
several kinds of magic, including wizard magic; in the Regency

7. fantasies, she and Caroline Stevermer depict magicians as identical
to wizards, though inferior in skill and training.
Steve Pemberton's The Times & Life of Lucifer Jones describes the
distinction thus: "The difference between a wizard and a sorcerer is
comparable to that between, say, a lion and a tiger, but wizards are
acutely status-conscious, and to them, it's more like the difference
between a lion and a dead kitten.” In David Eddings's The Belgariad
and The Malloreon series, several protagonists refer to their
abilities powered by sheer will as "sorcery" and look down on the
term "magician", which specifically refers to summoners of
demonic agents.
In role-playing games, the types of magic-users are more
delineated and are named so that the players and game masters can
know which rules apply. Gary Gygax and Dave Arneson introduced
the term "magic-user" in the original Dungeons & Dragons as a
generic term for a practitioner of magic (in order to avoid the
connotations of terms such as wizard or warlock); this lasted until
the second edition of Advanced Dungeons & Dragons, where it was
replaced with mage (later to become wizard). The exact rules vary
from game to game. The wizard or ​mage​, as a character class, is
distinguished by the ability to cast certain kinds of magic but being
weak in combat; subclasses are distinguished by strengths in some
areas of magic and weakness in others. Sorcerers are distinguished

8. from wizards as having an innate gift with magic, as well as having
mystical or magical ancestry. Warlocks are distinguished from
wizards as creating forbidden "pacts" with powerful creatures to
harness their innate magical gifts.
Enchanters often practice a type of magic that produces no physical
effects on ​objects ​or people, but rather deceives the observer or
target through the use of illusions. Enchantresses in particular
practice this form of magic, often to seduce. For instance, the Lady
of the Green Kirtle in C.S. Lewis's The Silver Chair enchants Rilian
into forgetting his father and Narnia; when that enchantment is
broken, she attempts further enchantments with a sweet-smelling

9. smoke and a thrumming musical instrument to baffle him and his
rescuers into forgetting them again.
The term sorcerer is more frequently used when the magician in
question is evil. This may derive from its use in sword and sorcery,
where the hero would be the sword-wielder, leaving the sorcery for
his opponent.
Witch also carries evil connotations. L. Frank Baum named Glinda
the "Good Witch of the South" in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In
The Marvelous Land of Oz, he dubbed her "Glinda the Good," and
from that point forward and in subsequent books, Baum referred to
her as a sorceress rather than a witch to avoid the term that was
more regarded as evil.
Gender-based titles
Wizard usually refers to a male, while witch usually refers to a
female. In Harry Potter, a man who anomalously showed the same
abilities as a witch was called a wizard. The term wizard is
sometimes used as a male counterpart of witch in fiction. However,
either term may be used in a unisex manner, in which case there
will be members of both sexes bearing that title. If both terms are
used in the same setting, this can indicate a gender-based title for
practitioners of identical magic, such as in Harry Potter, or it can
indicate that there are people who practice different types of magic,

10. as in Discworld. Although technically, the gender-specific term
used for a male witch is actually Warlock.
Traits of magicians
A common motif in fiction is that the ability to use magic is innate
and often rare, or gained through a large amount of study and
practice. In J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth is mostly limited to
non-humans, though some people gain small amounts and become
known as sorcerers (wizards being powerful spirits). In many
writers' works, it is reserved for a select group of humans, such as
in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter books, Katherine Kurtz's Deryni
novels, or Randall Garrett's Lord Darcy universe.
Education
Magicians normally learn spells by reading ancient tomes and
grimoires, which may have magical properties of their own.
Sorcerers in Conan the Barbarian often gained powers from such
books, which are demarcated by their strange bindings. In worlds
where magic is not an innate trait, the scarcity of these strange
books may be a facet of the story; in Poul Anderson's A Midsummer
Tempest, Prince Rupert seeks out the books of the magician
Prospero to learn magic. The same occurs in the Dungeons and
Dragons-based novel series Dragonlance Chronicles, wherein
Raistlin Majere seeks out the books of the sorcerer Fistandantilus.

11. Some magicians, even after training, continue their education by
learning more spells, inventing new ones (and new magical
objects), or rediscovering ancient spells, beings, or objects. For
example, Dr. Strange from the Marvel Universe continues to learn
about magic even after being named Sorcerer Supreme. He often
encounters creatures that haven't been seen for centuries or more.
In the same universe, Dr. Doom continues to pursue magical
knowledge after mastering it by combining magic with science.
Fred and George Weasley from Harry Potter invent new magical
items and sell them as legitimate defense items.