The main mechanism of action of NSAIDs is the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX). Cyclooxygenase is required to convert arachidonic acid into thromboxane's, prostaglandins, and prostacyclin’s. Thromboxane play a role in platelets adhesion, prostaglandins cause vasodilation, increase the temperature set-point in the hypothalamus, and play a role in anti-nociception.  There are two cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 gets expressed in the body, and it plays a role in maintaining gastrointestinal mucosa lining, kidney function, and platelet aggregation. COX-2 is not expressed in the body, and instead it inducible expresses during an inflammatory response. Most of the NSAIDs are nonselective and inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2. However, COX-2 selective NSAIDs (ex. celecoxib) only target COX-2 and therefore have a different side effect profile. Importantly, because COX-1 is the prime mediator for ensuring gastric mucosal integrity and COX-2 is mainly involved in inflammation, COX-2 selective NSAIDs should provide anti-inflammatory relief without compromising the gastric mucosa Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs introduction mechanism of actions NSAIDs as antibacterial agents Types contraindications Side effects Conclusion

1. NSAIDs as antibacterial agents
Presented By Amber Shaheen Abbasi
Government college university, Lahore

2. Outline
Introduction
Mechanism of Action
NSAIDs as antibacterial agents
Adverse effects of NSAIDs
Contraindication to NSAIDs
Conclusion
Synthesis of Naproxen

3. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drugs for
use as
Introduction
• Antipyretic • Anti-inflammatory • Analgesic agents

4. Mechanism of action
 The main mechanism of action of NSAIDs is the inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase
(COX). Cyclooxygenase is required to convert arachidonic acid into thromboxane's,
prostaglandins, and prostacyclin’s.
 Thromboxane play a role in platelets adhesion, prostaglandins cause vasodilation, increase
the temperature set-point in the hypothalamus, and play a role in anti-nociception.
 There are two cyclooxygenase isoenzymes, COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 gets expressed in
the body, and it plays a role in maintaining gastrointestinal mucosa lining, kidney function,
and platelet aggregation. COX-2 is not expressed in the body, and instead it inducible
expresses during an inflammatory response.
 Most of the NSAIDs are nonselective and inhibit both COX-1 and COX-2. However, COX-
2 selective NSAIDs (ex. celecoxib) only target COX-2 and therefore have a different side
effect profile.
 Importantly, because COX-1 is the prime mediator for ensuring gastric mucosal integrity
and COX-2 is mainly involved in inflammation, COX-2 selective NSAIDs should provide
anti-inflammatory relief without compromising the gastric mucosa

5. Mechanism of action
NSAIDs
COX-1/COX-2
Inhibit
Thromboxane Prostaglandins prostacyclin
Convert
Arachidonic acid

6. Synthesis of Naproxen
2-methoxynaphthalene 2-acetyl-6methoxynaphalene
Naphthyl acetic acid

7. NSAIDs as antibacterial agents
 Aspirin
 Etodolac
 Ibruphen
 Ketoprofen
 Mefenamic acid
 Naproxen
 Diclofenac
 Solindac
 Flurbiprofen
Selective
 Rofecoxib
 Valdecoxib
 Celecoxib
Non-Selective
Tooth Pain IB,APAP
Treponema denticolla
Tanneralla forsythia
Porphyromonas gingivalis
TB carprofen
Mycobaterium tuberculosis
Ibruphen,
indomethacin
Helicobactor pylori
Contact lenses/corneal
epithelial cells
pseudomonas aeruginosa
Ibruphen
Urinary tract infections
Escherichia coli
IB and amoxicillin
Entrococcus faecalis
Aspirin
Escherichia coli, Candida
albicans, Pseudomonas cepacia
Staphylococcus aureus

8. Adverse effects of NSAIDs
Gastric lining Functions Cardiovascular functions
Hematologic functions
Liver functions
Renal functions

9. Contraindications to NSAIDs
Trimester of pregnancy
Urticaria
Asthma
Coronary artery bypass graft surgery

10. Conclusion
 NSAIDs used largely for the treatment of pain, inflammation
and fever.
 Adverse effects occur at a much higher rate in patients with
specific diseases, it is crucial for physicians, nurses, and
pharmacists to pay close attention to a patient's history and to
educate the patient accordingly on risks and dosing.
 The patient should not use NSAIDs as an OTC agent.
 We should take NSAIDs with the doctor’s prescription.

11. Thanks for your Attention!