EDUCATION

1. Nursing Profession: A Promising Route to
International Migration
By:
Prof. Smita Bhutani
Amandeep Kaur (Research Fellow)
Department of Geography
Panjab University, Chandigarh

2. Organisation of Material:
 Introduction
 Methodology and Sources of Data
 Discussion and Results
 Nursing Education and its Privatization and Market Orientation in
Punjab
 Nursing Profession and International Migration from Punjab
 Major Findings

3. Introduction:
 Issue of health care workers in Global Context
 Qualified Nurse and their emigration and international scenario
 Indian nurses and their demand overseas

4. Methodology and Sources of Data:

5. Discussion and Results:
1. Nursing Education and its Privatization and Market
Orientation in Punjab
2. Nursing Profession and International Migration from
Punjab

6. Nursing Education and its Privatization and Market
Orientation in Punjab
 Increase in the number of :
a) Private and public nursing institutes
b) Private hospitals
c) Emigration agencies (IELTS training, CGFNS
coaching, NCLEX coaching )

7. 0
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Number
of
Nursing
Educational
Institutes
Year
Growth of Nursing Institutes in Punjab, 2004-2012
ANM
GNM
B.Sc.(Nursing)
P.B.B.Sc.(Nursing)
M.Sc.(Nursing)
Short term courses
Speciality course

8.  Every nook and corner of the country including newspapers are
filled with advertisements by emigration agencies .(Plate 1 & 2).
 Immigration agencies and travel agents are also guiding their
clients to adopt the nursing profession as a swift and sure way to a
permanent settlement abroad.
Plate 1: Source: Field work, 2016 Plate 2: Source: Advertisement

9. Transformation of nursing education
 Through provision of nursing education and training to work in
foreign destinations.
 Example: INSCOL Academy (international agreements and
partnerships)
 By conducting seminars and information sessions for giving an
international orientation to nursing students.
 Example: Royal Institute of Nursing, Batala
 By running programmes under joint partnerships
 Examples: Tarn-Taran International College of Nursing and Kular
Academy, Ludhiana

10. Limitation of transformation practices:
 Quality of nursing education is being deteriorated
 Such institutes are becoming huge profit earning
centres by alluring the aspirants with a promise to take
them to overseas destinations.
 Transformation practices are NOT being monitored
and regulated by any government authority.

11. Nursing Profession and
International Migration from
Punjab

12.  Respondents Demographic and Social Characteristics:
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
<20 20-25 25-30 >30
Number
of
Students
Surveyed
Age-Group (in years)
Punjab: Nursing Students
Surveyed, 2016
(Age-Group)
3%
9% 0%
88%
Punjab: Nursing Students
Surveyed, 2016
(By Religion)
Christian
Hindu
Muslim
Sikh

13. Choice of Nursing Profession:
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Demand
of
Nursing
Abroad
Self
Interest
On
the
Advise
of
Relatives/Friends/Parents
To
serve
humanity
Failure
in
taking
admission
in
other
medical
profession
Better
matrimonial
prospects
Others
Multiple
reasons
Percentage
of
Surveyed
Nursing
Students
Reasons

14. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
BSc. Nursing GNM Post Basic ANM MSc. Nursing
Number
of
Students
Surveyed
Classes
Punjab: Nursing Students Surveyed, 2016
(Class-wise)

15. Reasons for Moving Abroad:
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
For better standards
of living
For better
employment
opportunities
For better status To earn money Multiple Options Others
Percentage
of
Surveyed
Nursing
Students
Reasons

16. Choice of Foreign Destination:
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Canada Australia United States
of America
New Zealand United
Kingdom
Middle East Others Multiple
Percentage
of
Surveyed
Nursing
Students
Preferred Country/Countries for Emigration

17. Major Findings:
 Demand of Nursing Profession and Reshaping of Nursing
Profession
 Mushrooming of Private Nursing Institutes
 Transformation of Nursing Institutes
 Nursing profession has thus been seen in the state as a
promising route to move overseas.

18.  It may thus all be concluded that women in the state, who
earlier were a part of family migration or were being sponsored
by male members (preferably father, brother, husband), are
now choosing the nursing profession as a means to move
abroad independently with the ambition not only to settle there
permanently, but also to sponsor and support other family
members at a later stage.