Emergency Measures adopted before monsoon, during and after rainfall at World Heritage Site of Mohenjodaro during 2013 under National Fund for Mohenjodaro

1. G O V E R N M E N T O F S I N D H C U L T U R E D E P A R T M E N T NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

2. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Pre-monsoon works identified as follows:- 1. De-silting and removal of debris and mud slush out of drainage devices. 2. Renewal of mud capping and resetting of loose bricks. 3. Re-pointing with mud mortar for consolidation of wall cores i.e. grouting of cracks, filling voids in walls, etc. complete. 4. Erection of dry burnt brick masonry buttressing to the leaning walls in order to avoid from collapsing as a temporary measures. 5. Erection of steel shoring (properly designed) to the extremely tilted or out of plane walls in order to stop them from further collapsing. 6. Construction of shallow drains lined with pacca brick masonry. 7. Repair and construction of barriers/mud pushtas in mud brick masonry in order to slow down the speed of rain run off and to divert the flow of rain water towards less sensitive areas. 8. Filling up of cavities and holes of the mud capping of the walls with salt free pure clay obtained from the river Indus, to prevent the rainwater entering into the core of the walls. 9. Recording of gullies with the help of maps and the reinforcement of the same with sundried brick masonry. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

3. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Conventions adopted for site works on maps. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

4. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Conventions adopted for site works on maps in SD-Area. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator, Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

5. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Conventions adopted for site works on maps in DKG- South Area. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator, Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

6. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Conventions adopted for site works on maps in DKG- North Area. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator, Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

7. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Conventions adopted for site works on maps in VS-Area. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator, Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

8. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Conventions adopted for site works on maps in HR-Area. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator, Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

9. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO RAIN WATER IS THE MAIN CONTRIBUTOR TO THE WEAR AND DAMAGE OF RUINS AND IT CAN DAMAGE THE STRUCTURES IN SEVERAL WAY; BY WASHING AWAY THE SOIL (EROSION AND SCOURING), • BY MAKING THE SOIL LOOSE, (I.E. WEAKENING THE LOAD BEARING CAPACITY) RESULTING IN TILTING OF WALLS. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

10. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO BY DEPOSITING SOILS (SILTING) WHICH MAY OBSTRUCT THE PASSAGE OF WATER Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

11. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO BY WASHING AWAY ENTIRE SECTIONS OF THE WALLS OR PART OF STRUCTURES Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

12. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO RAIN WATER CAUSES TUNNELING, GULLIES, FURROWS AND CREVICES Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

13. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO OBVIOUSLY, THE DESIGN OF PROPER DRAINAGE RELIES ON CAREFUL STUDIES AT SITE. EQUALLY IMPORTANT, THE DRAINAGE PATTERNS AND REQUIREMENTS SHOULD BE OBSERVED DURING RAINY PERIODS, IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A REALISTIC IMPRESSION OF THE HOW, AND HOW MUCH, WATER IS MOVING IN THE VICINITY OF THE STRUCTURES. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

14. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO SIDE DRAINS AND SHALLOW DRAINS WHICH COLLECT AND LEAD THE WATER AWAY FROM WALLS. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

15. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO How to over come afore mentioned damages of rains:- Measures adopted during this ensuing monsoon season, 2013, according to plan, by constructing barriers, filling voids in capping and to maintain catch-water drains which catch surface water before it reaches the walls, building scour checks, preventing erosion and barriers by slowing down the flow of the water. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

16. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO BARRIERS Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

17. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO BARRIERS Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

18. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Designing surface drainage which enables the water to flow off out of remains smoothly. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

19. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Drainage work in progress (Shallow drain and building scour check) Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

20. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Constructing scouring checks. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

21. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Constructing scouring checks. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

22. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Damage and wear to the structures can be reduced if the flow of water is controlled. Minor damages can easily be repaired as part of the regular maintenance provided to the remains and its structures. If the flow of water is not properly managed, the deterioration of the structures will be more serious and occur more rapidly. This will lead to higher maintenance demands. An efficient drainage system is therefore essential to allow water to flow off and away from the walls as quickly as possible. This is achieved by a system consisting of the following components: Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

23. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Maintenance of drainage devices i.e cleaning, removing mud slush, dust dirt, debris and all kinds of rubbish. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

28. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Resetting work in SD Area Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

35. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Stabilization of endangered part of structures by building dry brunt brick buttressing or steel shoring. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

36. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Stabilization of endangered part of structures by building dry brunt brick buttressing. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

39. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Brushing before application of mud slurry. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

40. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Mud slurry work Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

41. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Mud slurry work Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

42. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Mud pushta in DKG Area Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

43. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Resetting work in DKG Area Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

47. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Wall base protection either with mud filling or by sundried bricks Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

48. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Wall base protection either with mud filling or by sundried bricks Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

49. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Mud brick flooring DKG-South Area Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

50. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Mud brick flooring DKG-South Area Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

51. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Mud capping and slurry in Block-29, DKG-North Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

52. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Mud capping and slurry in Block-29, DKG-North Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

53. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Mud capping in Block-29, DKG-North Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

54. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Mud capping and slurry in DKG-North Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

57. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Brushing before application of re-pointing in SD Area. Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

58. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Re-Pointing work at Stupa Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

61. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Mud pushta work at Stupa Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

62. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Resetting work at SD -Area Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

63. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Filling of gaps, voids in mud capping with pure clay in DK area Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

64. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Filling of gaps, voids in mud capping with pure clay in DK area Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

65. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Filling of gaps, voids in mud capping with pure clay in HR area Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

66. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Filling of gullies with mud bricks after rain at DKG- South - Area Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

67. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO Filling of gullies after rain at SD-Area Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

70. NATIONAL FUND FOR MOHENJODARO THANKS Prepared by: Ali Hyder, A. Conservator Designed by: Shankar Oad Rajput

Emergency Measures adopted before monsoon, during and after rainfall at World Heritage Site of Mohenjodaro during 2013 under National Fund for Mohenjodaro

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Emergency Measures adopted before monsoon, during and after rainfall at World Heritage Site of Mohenjodaro during 2013 under National Fund for Mohenjodaro