The Impact of Islam on the Shaping of Islamic Architecture

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index
Introduction of Holy Quran
Abstract
Type
1. Arche types of the spatial organizations and historical developments
2. Prototype or Antitype
3. Forming a Mental Image in the mind
4. Fields of spatial organization
a- Spatial organization types in architecture design
b- Spatial organization types in interior design
4. Spatial organization properties
5. Islamic religion
The principles of the Islamic faith :
(Monotheism, balance, Straightness, unity and variety, Regularity within the
community (group).
Worships : (ablutions, Prayer, Zakat or Charity, fasting, pilgrimage or Hajj )
Doctrine : (musts ,Widgets, improvements . )
6. Buildings rules : (Rights, rules prevent damage, Spatial relationship types, etc )
7. Islamic architecture Between theory and Application
8. Conclusion
9. References

Here comes your footer  Page 3
the structure of islamic architecture is areligion (faith, thought)
these Beliefs led to produce the islamic architecture (art,shape)
we can not measure (Evaluate) by shape of architecture (form)
1832 - ‫الخشني‬ ‫ثعلبة‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫وعن‬
‫جرثوم‬
‫قال‬ ‫سلم‬ ‫و‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عنه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رضي‬ ‫ناشر‬ ‫بن‬ : [ ‫تعالى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫إن‬
‫فال‬ ‫حدودا‬ ‫وحد‬ ‫تضيعوها‬ ‫فال‬ ‫فرائض‬ ‫فرض‬
‫تعتدوها‬
‫تبح‬ ‫فال‬ ‫نسيان‬ ‫غير‬ ‫لكم‬ ‫رحمة‬ ‫أشياء‬ ‫عن‬ ‫وسكت‬ ‫تنتهكوها‬ ‫فال‬ ‫أشياء‬ ‫وحرم‬
‫ثوا‬
‫عنها‬ ] ‫رواه‬ ‫حسن‬ ‫حديث‬
‫الدارقطني‬
‫وغيره‬
1832. Abu Tha`labah Al-Khushani (May Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of
Allah(PBUH) said, "Allah, the Exalted, has laid down certain duties which you should not
neglect, and has put certain limits which you should not transgress, and has kept silent
about other matters out of mercy for you and not out of forgetfulness, so do not seek to
investigate them.''
[Ad-Daraqutni and others]
According to Imam As-Sam`ani, this Hadith is very important, as the details of important
things have been given here. Whosoever leads his life accordingly, will surely succeed in
this life and the Hereafter.

Type: It is the main kind that the thing are from it.
type of plans, shapes, forms, etc....
Islamic typology : meaning study the types and
symbols of islamic

1. Arche types of the spatial organizations and historical developments
Archetype: meaning imagination and visual for aggregation
It are the original types that product architecture by linking everything to the
nature, like a mountains , caves, huts , etc….
mountain hut built from wood and with sharply and sloping roof,
house or cottage were built in the same style.
Stonehenge

The first type or the first trying for changing to the physical shape .
a- Al Kaaba
2. Prototype or Antitype
The first mosque in Islam was built before 1800 bc

B- Medina
The second mosque in Islam was built in the 1 HJ (622 AD)

Intuitive : it is velocity transition from principles to demands
knowledge of solution types
Forming a Mental Image in the mind
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_image#Philosophical_ideas

1- Ching study: architecture: Form,space & order
And (ching ) believes that architecture consist of a set of spaces that are
associated with each other to achieve the purpose of function, convergence
of proximity , or be used as circulation paths , and these spaces can be
classified in to four groups : (ching 1979,p.194
2- Rob krier divided these types to seven types
a- central axial type
b- linear type
c- central linear over lap type
d- bracketing type
e- network type
f- super imposition type
g- labyrinth type
A- Central type
B- Linear type
C- Radial type
D- Clustered type
E- Grid type
The following organizations are basic ways to create new architecture.

The principles of the Islamic faith
Monotheism (Pantheism)
the polytheism was the religion of the ancient people
and they believe in the conflict among the gods.
After that, the islam came to change the life and these wrong beliefs.
Islam is one of the ancient monotheistic religions,
the islam brought monotheism the god in the world (the god is one only) .
monotheism is belief in one God rather than many .
This monotheism , this religion of the one, of course has universal appeal.
The unequivocal monotheism of Islam served to unite all.
allah is the sole god in the cosmos.
by the way, islam is a belief in a Supreme Being - a monotheist god or absolute reality.
‫ء‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ش‬ ِ‫ُل‬‫ك‬ ُّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ًّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫غ‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫أ‬ ِ ‫ه‬
‫اَّلل‬ َ‫ْر‬‫ي‬َ‫غ‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬
164) Say, "Is it other than Allah I should desire as a lord while He is the Lord of all things?
the islamic architecture reflected the principle of monotheism
by using the concept of abstraction (divestiture) in the islamic art and architecture
so it is not similar to other architecture styles, like a Christianity architecture, roman , etc.
the monotheism is the original of abstraction and the basic that creat the unity in the islamic city,
islamic architecture
‫تعالى‬ ‫قال‬ ( ‫الحج‬
32 ) : { ‫القلوب‬ ‫تقوى‬ ‫من‬ ‫فإنها‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫شعائر‬ ‫يعظم‬ ‫ومن‬ }
"And whosoever honours the Symbols of Allah, then it is truly from the piety of the heart".

Equilibrium (balance)
Human psychology is comfort with the equilibrium (balance)
the balance between the Absolute human bondage and the High status to humans
the balance between Absolute divine will and human will, Ltd.
balance between Sources of revelation which is unseen and Occult with The sources of knowledge
which is the universe and life
the human is in balance situation in the shape from outside,balance in function from inside , and
every thing in this univers (symmetric) .
‫سورة‬ Sura ‫الحديد‬ Al-Hadid 25
ِ‫ط‬ْ‫س‬ِ‫ق‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬ ُ‫اس‬‫ه‬‫ن‬‫ال‬ َ‫م‬‫و‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ل‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫يز‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ َ‫اب‬َ‫ت‬ِ‫ك‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫م‬ُ‫ه‬َ‫ع‬َ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫نز‬َ‫أ‬َ‫و‬
and sent down with them the Scripture and the balance that the people may maintain [their affairs] in
justice.
‫سورة‬ Sura ‫الحجر‬ Al-Hijr 19
‫ون‬ُ‫ز‬ ْ‫و‬‫ه‬‫م‬ ‫ء‬ْ‫ي‬َ‫ش‬ ِ‫ُل‬‫ك‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ب‬‫ن‬َ‫أ‬َ‫و‬
(
19 )
and caused to grow therein [something] of every well-balanced thing.
‫سورة‬ Sura ‫البقرة‬ Al-Baqara 143
‫ا‬ً‫ط‬َ‫س‬َ‫و‬ ً‫ة‬‫ه‬‫م‬ُ‫أ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ا‬َ‫ن‬ْ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ج‬ َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬ََٰ‫ذ‬َ‫ك‬َ‫و‬
And thus we have made you a just community
The balance produce the symmetry concept in one axis and two axises

Straightness (‫)االستقامة‬
allah command the people to take straightness, the way to god is the straightness.
allah said "(‫مستقيم‬ ‫صراط‬ ‫")وهذا‬. mean ( and this is a Straight Path ), this was mentioned in the 33
aya(texts) in the Koran
Guide us to the straight path -
a muslim ask god to guide him straight path (straight way) no less than seventeen times a day (and
that when he reading alfatyeh in prayer)
and god said (‫سبيله‬ ‫عن‬ ‫بكم‬ ‫فتفرق‬ ‫السبل‬ ‫والتتبعوا‬ ‫فاتبعوه‬ ‫مستقيم‬ ‫صراطي‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫)وان‬
ۚ ‫ا‬ً‫ف‬‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬َ‫ح‬ َ‫م‬‫ي‬ِ‫ه‬‫ا‬َ‫ْر‬‫ب‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫ة‬‫ه‬‫ل‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ا‬ً‫م‬َ‫ي‬ِ‫ق‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ن‬‫ِي‬‫د‬ ‫يم‬ِ‫ق‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬ُّ‫م‬ ‫اط‬َ‫ر‬ ِ
‫ص‬ َٰ
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫د‬َ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ن‬‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬
ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫َان‬‫ك‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ك‬ ِ
‫ْر‬‫ش‬ (161)
(161) Say, "Indeed, my Lord has guided me to a straight path - a correct religion - the way of Abraham,
inclining toward truth. And he was not among those who associated others with Allah.“
straight Path is a bridge that will appear in the doomsday (Day of Judgment ) and be above hell.
The straight path is leading to all duties in belief and morality and slavery
after all these verses and saying, the concept of straightness be in the visual of islamic architecture ,
then it impact in the spatial organization
These ideas and concepts when they settle in the muslim mind then it be cram, and be like a rule,
basic, etc ,,,,.
taking the balance of things
become automatically emit awareness or collective unconscious when Muslims
generally reflecting it on their production style , including architecture and artistic expression
And thus led to the integrity(straightness) commitment to religion ,
and the use of the straight line and regular shapes to expression
that designed regular buildings from straights ribs

Regularity within the community (group)
Unity and pluralism
many Tribes, clans and nationalities embraced in the islam
islam be their religion and style life
every group (ethnic) of people have mores and traditional in the life,
The islam stay the good manners that Compatible with the principles of the religion.
that led to produce a new concept is called (variety in unity), it is one of properties of islamic
architecture and in the Islamic society
‫وا‬ُ‫ق‬‫ه‬‫ر‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ت‬ َ
‫ال‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ع‬‫ي‬ِ‫م‬َ‫ج‬ ِ ‫ه‬
‫اَّلل‬ ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫ح‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫م‬ ِ
‫ص‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫ع‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬
(
103 )
And hold firmly to the rope of Allah all together and do not become divided
‫سلم‬ ‫و‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬ ‫قال‬ ‫عنه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رضي‬ ‫موسى‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫وعن‬ : [ ‫بعضا‬ ‫بعضه‬ ‫يشد‬ ‫كالبنيان‬ ‫للمؤمن‬ ‫المؤمن‬ ] ‫بين‬ ‫وشبك‬
‫أصابعه‬
.
‫عليه‬ ‫متفق‬ )
Abu Musa (May Allah be pleased with him)reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said, "The relationship
of the believer with another believer is like (the bricks of) a building, each strengthens the other.''
He (PBUH) illustrated this by interlacing the fingers of both his hands.
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith enjoins unity in the Muslim community, each member of which is like a brick,
which, when they are all combined, lend strength to each other. Similarly, Muslims are like hands and
arms, which physically joined together, are bound to co-operate with one another

224 - ‫سلم‬ ‫و‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬ ‫قال‬ ‫عنه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رضي‬ ‫بشير‬ ‫بن‬ ‫النعمان‬ ‫وعن‬ : [ ‫وتعاطفهم‬ ‫وتراحمهم‬ ‫توادهم‬ ‫في‬ ‫المؤمنين‬ ‫مثل‬
‫والحمى‬ ‫بالسهر‬ ‫الجسد‬ ‫سائر‬ ‫تداعى‬ ‫عضو‬ ‫منه‬ ‫اشتكى‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫الجسد‬ ‫مثل‬ ] ‫عليه‬ ‫متفق‬.
224. Nu`man bin Bashir (May Allah bepleased with them) reported: Messenger of Allah (PBUH) said,
"The believers in their mutual kindness, compassion and sympathy are just like one body. When one of
the limbs suffers, the whole body responds to it with wakefulness and fever".
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim].
Commentary: This Hadith has the same purport which is mentioned in the previous Hadith. It says that
Muslims are akin to a living person. When he feels pain in one of his eyes, for example, his entire body
feels it. When he suffers from a headache, he feels its pain throughout his body

Sanctity spaces (privacy)
‫و‬ُ‫م‬ِ‫ل‬َ‫س‬ُ‫ت‬َ‫و‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫س‬ِ‫ن‬ْ‫أ‬َ‫ت‬ْ‫س‬َ‫ت‬ َٰ
‫ى‬‫ه‬‫ت‬َ‫ح‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ت‬‫و‬ُ‫ي‬ُ‫ب‬ َ‫ْر‬‫ي‬َ‫غ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ت‬‫و‬ُ‫ي‬ُ‫ب‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ل‬ُ‫خ‬ْ‫د‬َ‫ت‬ َ
‫َل‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫م‬‫آ‬ َ‫ِين‬‫ذ‬‫ه‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُّ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬
ۚ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ه‬َ‫أ‬ َٰ
‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ‫ا‬
َ‫ون‬ُ‫هر‬‫ك‬َ‫ذ‬َ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ه‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ه‬‫ل‬ ‫ْر‬‫ي‬َ‫خ‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬ََٰ‫ذ‬
(
27 )
(27) O you who have believed, do not enter houses other than your own houses until you
ascertain welcome and greet their inhabitants. That is best for you; perhaps you will be
reminded.
‫سورة‬ Sura ‫المائدة‬ Al-Maaida 45 an eye for an eye,ِ‫ْن‬‫ي‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ْن‬‫ي‬َ‫ع‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬
‫تعالى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫قال‬ ( ‫الحج‬
30 ) : { ‫ربه‬ ‫عند‬ ‫له‬ ‫خير‬ ‫فهو‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫حرمات‬ ‫يعظم‬ ‫ومن‬ }
Reverence towards the Sanctity of the Muslims
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"And whosoever honours the sacred things of Allah, then that is better for him with his Rubb(God) ".
‫و‬ُ‫ي‬ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫أ‬َ‫و‬ ۗ َٰ
‫ى‬َ‫ق‬‫ه‬‫ت‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ‫ه‬‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫ك‬ََٰ‫ل‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ ِ
‫ور‬ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ظ‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫وت‬ُ‫ي‬ُ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ت‬ْ‫أ‬َ‫ت‬ ‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ِ‫ب‬ ُّ‫ر‬ِ‫ب‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ
‫ْس‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬َ‫و‬
ِ‫ب‬‫ا‬َ‫ْو‬‫ب‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ت‬
َ‫ون‬ُ‫ح‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ف‬ُ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ه‬‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ َ ‫ه‬
‫اَّلل‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ق‬‫ه‬‫ت‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ۚ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬
(
189 )
And it is not righteousness to enter houses from the back, but righteousness is [in] one who fears Allah.
And enter houses from their doors.
: ﴿ ْ‫م‬ِ‫ه‬ ِ
‫ار‬َ‫ص‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ُّوا‬‫ض‬ُ‫غ‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ِين‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬ ﴾[ ‫النور‬
:
30 ]
﴿ ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫ه‬ ِ
‫ار‬َ‫ص‬ْ‫ب‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ْن‬‫ض‬ُ‫ض‬ْ‫غ‬َ‫ي‬ ِ‫ت‬‫َا‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ْ‫ؤ‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬ِ‫ل‬ ْ‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬ َ‫و‬ ﴾[ ‫النور‬
:
31 ]
(30) Tell the believing men to reduce [some] of their vision
and guard their private parts. That is purer for them. Indeed, Allah is Acquainted with what they do.
(31) And tell the believing women to reduce [some] of their vision and guard their private parts and not
expose their adornment except that which [necessarily] appears thereof
and to wrap [a portion of] their head covers over their chests and not expose their adornment except to
their husbands,
﴿ ُ‫ُور‬‫د‬ُّ‫ص‬‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ْ‫خ‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ َ‫و‬ ِ‫ُن‬‫ي‬ْ‫ع‬َ ْ
‫اْل‬ َ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬ِ‫ئ‬‫َا‬‫خ‬ ُ‫م‬َ‫ل‬ْ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ﴾[ ‫غافر‬
:
19 ]
(19) He knows that which deceives the eyes and what the breasts conceal.

Houses
‫فق‬ ‫قبة‬ ‫قالوا‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫ما‬ ‫فقال‬ ‫األنصار‬ ‫من‬ ‫لرجل‬ ‫قبة‬ ‫ببنية‬ ‫مر‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫أن‬ ‫عنه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رضي‬ ‫مالك‬ ‫بن‬ ‫أنس‬ ‫عن‬
‫النبي‬ ‫ال‬
‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬
(
‫القيامة‬ ‫يوم‬ ‫صاحبه‬ ‫على‬ ‫وبال‬ ‫فهو‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫من‬ ‫أكبر‬ ‫رأسه‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫وأشار‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫كل‬
)
(
[
1
]
)
.
Anas bin Malik may Allah be pleased with him that the Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him
said ( what is this ? and he pointed at the dome structure
anas said : It is dome of a man from the Ansar, messenger said, (each building and pointed to dome
bigger than this is the PAL to the owner in the doomsday).
‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫النبي‬ ‫فقال‬ ‫غرفة‬ ‫بنا‬ ‫المطلب‬ ‫عبد‬ ‫بن‬ ‫العباس‬ ‫أن‬ ‫العالية‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫وعن‬
(
‫بثمنها‬ ‫أتصدق‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أهدمها‬ ‫فقال‬ ‫أهدمها‬
‫فقال‬
‫أهدمها‬
)
(
[
2
]
)
.
‫األدلة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫من‬ ‫يظهر‬ ‫فالذي‬
–
‫غرض‬ ‫لغير‬ ‫كان‬ ‫أو‬ ‫تعالى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫طاعة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يشغل‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫البناء‬ ‫من‬ ‫يحذر‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫الرسول‬ ‫أن‬
ً‫ا‬‫إسراف‬ ‫يعد‬ ‫مما‬ ‫حاجته‬ ‫قدر‬ ‫على‬ ‫فيه‬ ‫زاد‬ ‫أو‬ ‫والترف‬ ‫كالمباهاة‬ ‫شرعي‬
.
And Abu alyaa that Abbas son Abdul Muttalib built room
the Prophet, peace be upon him said (destroy it or dole it) .
It seems from this evidence - that the Prophet peace be upon him warns of construction,
which is distracting far of the obey god way or had a legitimate purpose is increased it to as much as he
needs, which is wasteful.
the prophet mohammad (p) deprived ostentation in the buildings

‫والمكانية‬ ‫الزمانية‬ ‫وظروفه‬ ‫عصره‬ ‫يناسب‬ ‫بما‬ ‫مسكنه‬ ‫اإلنسان‬ ‫بنى‬ ‫لو‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫فعلى‬
.
‫عليه‬ ‫حرج‬ ‫فال‬
–
‫م‬ ‫ويحل‬ ‫ليؤجر‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫ومن‬
‫شكلة‬
‫عليه‬ ‫حرج‬ ‫فال‬ ‫السكنية‬ ‫المسلمين‬
–
‫م‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫دام‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫حرج‬ ‫فال‬ ‫متعددة‬ ‫طوابق‬ ‫ولو‬ ‫أعلى‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫وارتفع‬ ‫األرض‬ ‫ت‬‫شح‬ ‫ولو‬
‫صلحة‬
‫ذلك‬ ‫على‬ ‫ويستدل‬
.
‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫عنه‬ ‫روى‬ ‫بما‬
" .
‫ب‬ ‫انتفع‬ ‫ما‬ ‫جار‬ ‫أجر‬ ‫له‬ ‫كان‬ ‫اعتداء‬ ‫وَل‬ ‫ظلم‬ ‫غير‬ ‫في‬ ً‫ا‬‫بنيان‬ ‫بنى‬ ‫من‬
‫من‬ ‫ه‬
‫الرحمن‬ ‫خلق‬
"
(
[
1
]
)
.
if anyone built building without injustice or an assault to his neighbours , it will be a
benevolent building for him when people using it (like a puplic building)
" ‫قال‬ ‫اْلنصاري‬ ‫طلحة‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫وعن‬
:
‫يقول‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫النبي‬ ‫سمعت‬
" :
‫تمثال‬ ‫وال‬ ‫كلب‬ ‫فيه‬ ً‫ا‬‫بيت‬ ‫المالئكة‬ ‫تدخل‬ ‫ال‬
"And Abu Talha al-Ansari said: I heard the Prophet peace be upon him said:" angels do not enter a
house in which a statue
And his peace be upon him (angels do not enter a house in which a picture)
Indecent image or picture are forbad in the islam because it is sin
‫سورة‬ Sura ‫األعراف‬ Al-A'raaf ‫آية‬ Aya 31
َ‫ين‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ
‫ر‬ْ‫س‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُّ‫ب‬ ِ‫ح‬ُ‫ي‬ َ
‫َل‬ ُ‫ه‬‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
(
31 )
Indeed, He likes not those who commit excess.
‫سورة‬ Sura ‫اإلسراء‬ Al-Israa ‫آية‬ Aya 27
‫ا‬ً‫ور‬ُ‫ف‬َ‫ك‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ِ‫ل‬ ُ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ط‬ْ‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ش‬‫ال‬ َ‫َان‬‫ك‬َ‫و‬ ۖ ِ‫ين‬ِ‫اط‬َ‫ي‬‫ه‬‫ش‬‫ال‬ َ‫ان‬َ‫و‬ْ‫خ‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬‫َا‬‫ك‬ َ‫ين‬ ِ
‫ِر‬‫ذ‬َ‫ب‬ُ‫م‬ْ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ه‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
(
27 )
(27) Indeed, the wasteful are brothers of the devils, and ever has Satan been to his Lord ungrateful.

Entrance
‫قال‬ ‫اْلنصاري‬ ‫سعد‬ ‫بن‬ ‫سهل‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ومسلم‬ ‫البخاري‬ ‫روى‬
( :
‫البصر‬ ‫أجل‬ ‫من‬ ‫اإلذن‬ ‫جعل‬ ‫إنما‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫قال‬ )
Bukhari and Muslim narrated from Sahl ibn Sa'd al-Ansari said: (The Messenger of Allah peace be upon
him, but in order to make the permission of sight)
‫الخدري‬ ‫سعيد‬ ‫أبي‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ماروي‬
-
‫وسـلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسـول‬ ‫عن‬ ‫عنهما‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رضي‬ ‫اْلشعري‬ ‫موسى‬ ‫وأبي‬
( :
ً‫ا‬‫ثالث‬ ‫أحـدكـم‬ ‫اسـتأذن‬ ‫إذا‬
‫فليرجع‬ ‫له‬ ‫يؤذن‬ ‫فلم‬ ) ( )
Aj Khudri - and Abu Musa al-Ash'ari, may Allah be pleased said the Messenger of Allah peace be upon
him said:
(If you ask permissions three times and the house's owner did not answer, then it is Preferred to leave)
the position of person who knock at the door
‫قال‬ ‫بشر‬ ‫بن‬ ‫عبدهللا‬ ‫عن‬
( :
‫يقول‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫سمعت‬
:
‫ائت‬ ‫ولكن‬ ‫أبوابها‬ ‫من‬ ‫البيوت‬ ‫تأتوا‬ ‫َل‬
‫من‬ ‫وها‬
‫فارجعوا‬ ‫وإَل‬ ‫فادخلوا‬ ‫لكم‬ ‫أذن‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫فاستئذنوا‬ ‫جوانبها‬
. )
Do not come the houses doors, take the side of the wall (aspects) and permission from the occupants
(owner) , if you authorized to enter then enter, otherwise you must go back).
(
‫تلقاء‬ ‫من‬ ‫الباب‬ ‫يستقبل‬ ‫لم‬ ‫قوم‬ َ‫باب‬ ‫أتى‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫كان‬ ‫قال‬ ‫بشر‬ ‫بن‬ ‫عبدهللا‬ ‫عن‬ ‫داود‬ ‫أبو‬ ‫روى‬
‫ولكن‬ ‫وجهه‬
‫األيـسـر‬ ‫أو‬ ‫األيمن‬ ‫ركنه‬ ‫من‬ ‫كان‬
"
‫عليكـم‬ ‫الســالم‬ ‫عليكـم‬ ‫الســالم‬ ‫فـيقـول‬
" .
‫ستور‬ ‫يومئذ‬ ‫عليهـا‬ ‫يكـن‬ ‫لم‬ ‫الدور‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ذلك‬
)
(
[
1
]
)
‫كان‬ ‫وإن‬
‫ويستأذن‬ ‫شاء‬ ‫مكان‬ ‫أي‬ ‫في‬ ‫الوقوف‬ ‫فله‬ ً‫ال‬‫مقف‬ ‫الباب‬
(
[
2
]
)
when you knock at the door don't stand in front of door, stand beside the right wall or left side, and ask
permission.

‫قال‬ ‫عنهما‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫رضي‬ ‫عمر‬ ‫ابن‬ ‫عن‬
:
‫وسلم‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫صلى‬ ‫قال‬
[
ً‫ا‬‫قبور‬ ‫تتخذوها‬ ‫وَل‬ ‫صالتكم‬ ‫من‬ ‫بيوتكم‬ ‫في‬ ‫اجعلوا‬ ]
peace be upon him [Make of your prayers in your houses and do not be your graves]
‫قال‬
:
[ :
‫القاعد‬ ‫على‬ ‫الغازي‬ ‫كفضل‬ ‫الشاسعة‬ ‫الدار‬ ‫على‬ ‫المسجد‬ ‫من‬ ‫القريبة‬ ‫الدار‬ ‫فضل‬ ] ([1])
the difference between the close house to mosque and the far house is like the difference between
who fight for allah and who sitting in their houses
in every step you will get charity

neighbourhood
the muslim can raise his house but in determined conditions :
1- have to do not harm anyone (neighbour) not obscure the daylight or air from his neighbour.
•have to do not dominate on his neighbours.
‫هللا‬ ‫رسول‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫كما‬ r ‫قال‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫عائشة‬ ‫ترويه‬ ‫فيما‬
[ :
‫سيورثه‬ ‫أنه‬ ‫ظننت‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫بالجار‬ ‫يوصيني‬ ‫جبريل‬ ‫مازال‬ ] ([3])
the Messenger of Allah said: [still Jibril Iusini to neighbor so I thought he Ciorth] ()
‫قال‬
:
[ :
‫ض‬ ‫فليكرم‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫واليوم‬ ‫باهلل‬ ‫يؤمن‬ ‫كان‬ ‫ومن‬ ‫جاره‬ ‫يؤذ‬ ‫فال‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫واليوم‬ ‫باهلل‬ ‫يؤمن‬ ‫كان‬ ‫من‬
، ‫يفه‬
‫ليصمت‬ ‫أو‬ ً‫ا‬‫خير‬ ‫فليقل‬ ‫اآلخر‬ ‫واليوم‬ ‫باهلل‬ ‫يؤمن‬ ‫كان‬ ‫ومن‬
]
(
[
4
]
)
He said peace be upon him: Whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day must do not hurt his
neighbor
[
‫بوائقه‬ ‫جاره‬ ‫يأمن‬ ‫َل‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫يؤمن‬ ‫َل‬ ‫وهللا‬
]
(
[
5
]
)
‫ـ‬ ً‫ا‬‫معنوي‬ ‫أم‬ ً‫ا‬‫حسي‬ ‫األذى‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫نوع‬ ‫كان‬ ً‫ا‬‫اي‬ ‫جاره‬ ‫من‬ ‫واألذى‬ ‫الشر‬ ‫يأمن‬ ‫َل‬ ‫أي‬
‫عام‬ ‫فالحديث‬
.
the god Swear , if you harm your neighbour's that mean you aren't believe
whatever the type of harm are physically or morally , talk in general.

concentrate in the safety building
•confirmed to build the parapet in the roof floor (flat surface)
to protect those who inhabit and not expose them to fall from the roof floor because of sleep ,
inattention or ignorance of the small ages, therefore is forbidden from sleeping in the surface that
without parapet (boundary) .
Ali son Shiban said: The Messenger of Allah, peace be upon him said: (anyone sleep on the roof floor
that is without parapet , he will out from muslim covenant or pact ).

analogical with natural, art, knowledge,
using Metaphor in architecture to take
advantage from human experiences in the
historical period because there are many
problems now and that were in the
historical period
contribute between contemporary and
historical
combine

Architectural character are divided in to:-
First is constants .
Second is limitation (changing) .

In Architecture exist five types of Spatial Organization:
Central Organization: this consists of numerous secondary spaces that are clustered around a
central, dominant and bigger space.
Linear Organization: It consists essentially of a series of spaces through a linear element.
Can be a straight, segmented or curve line and it can develop itself horizontally, vertically or
diagonally.
The linear organization can relate itself with other forms of its context connecting them,
working as a barrier to separate things and surrounding them to create a space field

Radial Organization: this space organization combines the central and the linear organization
to organize the space.
It consists of a dominant central space, with many radial linear organizations.
While a centralized organization is an introverted scheme that directs to the interior of its
central space, a radial organization is an extrovert scheme that escapes from its context.
The central space of a radial organization has a regular form.
Cluster Organization: use proximity to connect spaces.
Plot Organization(Grid): this organization is make it through the construction elements such as
walls and columns.

In interior design exist five types of Spatial Organization:
linear organization can create a rhythm in a space and can help to make the space feel
stable and organized.
Much like in the images below.
There are strong linear elements throughout the space so as a user walks through the
space they get a sense of repetition and order.

Radial Organization
Another way in which a designer can organize spaces is through radial organization.
Radial organization is to some extent a mixture of both centralized and linear organization.
You can expect to see elements stem from one central element of focus.
The images below are a good example of this because the lighting fixture is radial in itself and
then elements on the floor plane follow that same radial pattern.

Grid Organization
The final form of organization I decided to analyze for this chapter was grid organization.
There are times when designers rely on making a grid to organize elements in their work.
Sometimes, the organization of a grid can be easily interpreted visually.
Such as in the images below where the grid obviously plays a big role in the concept of this
space.

Spatial organization properties
Spaces must:
1. Have specific functions or require specific forms
2. Are flexible in use and can be freely manipulated
3. Are singular and unique in their function or significance to the building
organization
4. Have similar functions and can be grouped into a functional cluster or
repeated in a linear sequence
5. Required exterior exposure for light, ventilation, view or access to
outdoor spaces
6. Must be segregated for privacy
7. Must be easily accessible
how we can choose which type that suitable in the design ?
 All the literature in architecture confirmed that the intuition is the style which
used to reach the solution and choose appropriate style .
(karal poper) said that "the science cannot develop without the intuition."
question

1. Space Within a Space:
There are several different ways spaces can relate to each other, and a very common
spatial relationship is the space within a space.
We see this sort of relationship in offices most commonly, where cubicles make up the
spaces with in the greater volume of space.
The relationship between the space within the space is one where the smaller space is
dependent on the larger for its perceived place within the greater volume.
The image below is a great example of a space within a space.
This one has a very strong relationship with the greater volume, as it serves to define the
spaces around it.
Furthermore, the space within the space then creates a space within itself, as you see here!
Spatial Relationships in interior design (seeds for design)

This image specifically analyzes a space within another space.
There is a small organic pod within a bigger room that can be open to be a part of the larger
space or closed to create a more personal shelter.

2. Interlocking Spaces:
Interlocking spaces have a especially unique relationship as they become apart of each
other in a way.
These spaces interlock and create continuity through proximity.
These interlocking spaces have the flexibility to be interpreted in a number of different
manners.
That is why they are so interesting!
This image is an awesome example of interlocking spaces.
This house has many different spaces that interlock with each other, creating interest and
continuity.
It is interesting to see the way each space retains its own volume but adds a new and
unique component to the space it has now interlocked with.

The images below depict a small space placed on top of another space all interlocked with a
larger space.
This is beneficial when a designer only has a certain amount of space to use, but wants to
make use of every inch in a functional manner.

3. Spaces Linked by a Common Space:
This is an interesting relationship in that the space linking the common spaces is greatly
relied upon for the interpretation of all of the linked spaces.
This sort of space can also be looked at as a focal point.
The spaces that share this common focal point of connection also have unique relationships
with each other.
This image is a great example of spaces linked by a common space.
You see the home has to similar yet unique wings, or modules that make up the entirety of
the home.
Yet, if it were not for the third space in the center, the two unique parts of the whole would
become separate and unconnected.

from the study in the architecture , we can confirme that function and technique are not the
basic in determining the type, because it being added or transformed in the type
the historical types,the central, longitudinal and the resulting merged not designed to serve
practical functions, but serve deep problems that associated with the community,
so it is basic and stabile, but the type allows for change
The ideological foundations also have fixed rules and allow for change
and this is that gives the character of the building at all times and places, also allows the
historical types to develop continuously and produce many types
the type is fixed and it is linked with mind ,emotions, holds social values linked to the human
and society and mental development and the experience
But the form of specialized type varies from one community to another
thereby acting dialectically with the function ,technique ,style and personal character and
individuality of each building and every architect.
Stability and change

the idea of the relay and the constant change of models in historical architecture are applies
on this type,
and in every period happens process model shift which happen in sequence continuous to
this time
The process of change is influenced by external factors(general criticism) like social and
intellectual changes , technical and cultural
The society in general could lead to specific channels.

Space contents
furniture
1- furniture arrangement by Chinese philosophical system
The study room is a place where family members study for college or school examinations
therefore the room needs a lot of positive energies .
for the study room in order to improve concentration and productivity, there are several things
that you need to keep in mind:
How to Organize Study Room (according to Feng Shui )
•The person who sit on the study desk should face his or her auspicious direction.
•The position of the desk is crucial, place your desk in ‘commanding position’ – in such a way
that the door is visible to the person sitting at the desk.
•This will give the person a sense of security because he or she can see everyone who
passes by or enters the room.
•Make sure also that the person’s back is not facing the door or window.

The desk in the study room should be placed towards the right of the window.
But if there is no window then hang a mirror to the left of the desk.
Do not place the study desk between the window and the door.

•Sitting opposite the window of the neighbouring house is not recommended as it causes
discomfort.
Sitting right in front of the window can make you lose concentration and therefore is not
recommended.
•The chair should be comfortable and have a high back.
Behind the chair, you can place a picture that is a symbolic of water to increase the flow of
creative energy.
Avoid placing the desk under the exposed beams or a protruding air conditioner.
•Make sure your study room is free from clutters.
Cluttered room makes positive chi difficult to come in.
Studying in an untidy room can be distracting, so do make sure that your room is clean and
calm.
•Ideally, study room should be situated in a quiet part of your home.
If study areas form part of another room such as bedroom, living room or kitchen, then you can
separate them with a screen or folding doors so that the two opposing energies do not mix.
It is not a good idea to have your study area in the bedroom.

•Remove any sharp or piercing shape of objects (including pictures, paintings and statues)
that is pointing towards the person sitting at the study desk.
Sharp objects create poison arrows which is harmful.
•Many people place a bamboo or cactus plant in their study room because these plants
symbolize good fortune and can grow in harsh conditions.
Plants in the study also help to improve the air quality and add some yin balance to the yang
machines (such as computer or handphone).
Some of them place the plant orwind chime near the window to prevent bad influences and
bad luck from coming in through the window.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Feng shui is a Chinese philosophical system of harmonizing the human existence with the surrounding
environment.
The term feng shui literally translates as "wind-water" in English.
Feng shui is one of the Five Arts of Chinese Metaphysics, classified as physiognomy (observation of appearances
through formulas and calculations).
The feng shui practice discusses architecture in metaphoric terms of "invisible forces" that bind the universe,
earth, and man together, known as qi/chi/energy.
Historically, feng shui was widely used to orient buildings—often spiritually significant structures such as tombs,
but also dwellings and other structures—in an auspicious manner.
Depending on the particular style of feng shui being used, an auspicious site could be determined by reference to
local features such as bodies of water, stars, or a compass. Feng shui was suppressed in mainland China during
the cultural revolution in the 1960s, but since then has increased in popularity.
Modern reactions to feng shui are mixed.
some principles of feng shui are "quite rational".

4. Centralized Organization:
Centralized organization is one that we have seen from the beginning of architecture. We see
this sort of organization occur in its best form and example in many plans of churches.
Often they will have this central organization either in the interior or represented in a dome on
the exterior.
This image of the Pantheons plan could not exemplify centralized organization better.
All of the parts are organized around the center of the large dome.
This sort of organization is seen in many similar buildings for the sense of unity felt within the
space created by the central organization or the visual feeling one would receive from viewing
such a structure from the exterior.

5. Linear Organization:
This form of spatial organization is very interesting in that it provides a great deal of visual
continuity throughout the organization of elements in this manner.
Spaces in a series can be linked in a couple of ways when organized with linear organization.
They can either be directly related to each other, or organized a long the same linear space.
This example of the columns and statues is a prime example of linear organization.
We see the relationship of the spaces and elements in the way they are organized a long the
same linear space.
Furthermore, there is a wonderful sense of continuity that is created through the placement of
these elements and their organization.

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