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STEMI Bypass in the Middle East
1.
2. Disclosures
Faculty, Fanshawe College, ON, Canada
Research Paramedic, National Ambulance, UAE
Paramedic Educator, CPER, ON, Canada
Faculty, Portland Community College, OR, USA
Editor, Irish Journal of Paramedicine
Vice-President, Irish College of Paramedics
Arabian gulf
Bordered by Saudi to West & South (nice buffer), Oman to East
9.7 million total. Around 1 million nationals. 2/3 of population live in Abu Dhabi and Dubai.
NE Service area
Emirates of Sharjah, Umm al-Quwain, Ras al-Khaimah, Fujairah, Ajman
The geographic area 12,100 km2
population of approximately 4.7 million persons
998 direct.
24 ambulances across 14 stations and 25 standby points.
Custom designed interior. Not all carried LP15 at the time
450 EMTs, 5 area managers. Mix of Filipino and Arabic crews, male and female. Mostly RNs with additional EMT experience and 1 year certificate of clinical practice.
Broadly similar to PCP. No ALS backup as routine. Broader pharmacological options
geographic area covers approximately 12,100 km2, and contains a
population of approximately 4.7 million
35,000 emergency medical calls per annum
Fleet of 4x4 sprinters and support vehicles
ISC workers. Filipinos account for a smaller % but also have comorbidities and ++ risk
Almost 40% of Emiratis obese
Life expectancy 77 years. Main cause of death – cardiovascular diseases, trauma, malignancy.
Lots of stuff is different
But don’t worry…you can still get a Timmies!
Life expectancy 77 years. Main cause of death – cardiovascular diseases, trauma, malignancy.
GulfRACE-2 & 3 – EMS use
Approx 3% of land – RAK
Population 300,000
2 hospitals, one PCI capable
Observational cohort –ethical considerations
Allows for normal practice
Evidence base already shows ECG and PCI work
Inclusion criteria: anyone who had an ECG performed, >18yo
Exclusion: children, cardiac arrest as initial presentation, RIP, outside RAK
998 app for geo-location
Education – 8 hour training
Phones, LifePak 15
Detailed protocol and instructions
Specific prehospital and hospital data collection forms
Aligned with AD STEMI network to allow for population of national registry
CSD
SKSH
Total 118 ECGs performed during pilot study after exclusion criteria applied (lack of data, pediatric, outside RAK etc.)
We can state that in our dataset, a previous history of CAD or presence of CAD risk factors has no relationship with having a STEMI. The incidence of diabetes was 32.58% in the STEMI group and 37.93% in the non-STEMI group, and a history of hypertension was present in 48.31% of the STEMI group and 41.38% of the non-STEMI group.
The 2 tests were not significant. In the sample of patients with dyspnoea, 15.73% did not have a STEMI and 13.79% did have a STEMI. Dyspnoea has no relationship with a STEMI presentation (2 (1, n=118) = 0.0635, p >0.05). In the sample of patients with nausea, 14.61% did not have a STEMI and 13.79% did have a STEMI. Nausea has no relationship with a STEMI presentation (2 (1, n=118) = 0.0117, p >0.05). In the sample of patients with weakness, 41.57% did not have a STEMI and 34.48% did have a STEMI. Weakness has no relationship with a STEMI presentation (2 (1, n=118) = 0.4588, p >0.05).
There was a non-significant difference in the pain scores for non-STEMI (mean 3.584, SD 3.45) and STEMI (mean 4.5926, SD 3.15) presentations (t (100)= -1.33, p = 0.1859).
One confirmed STEMI patient suffered a cardiac arrest en-route to SKSH, and in line with study protocol, was diverted to the nearest emergency department at Saif Hospital
No patient suffered any major adverse cardiac event in the period post-PCI. MACE = CABG, arrest, bleed post-PCI, stroke, IABP, ECMO etc.
STEMI Took longer to call 171 v 242 minutes
STEMI took longer to have ECG from onset, explained by longer to call 268 v 173
STEMI took longer for EMS to get ECG on – why? 11 v 17
STEMI got to hospital quicker Median 57 mins from dispatch
Median D2B 73 minutes (mean 77)
75% achieved D2B under 90 minutes
Self presentations mean 113
So what?
Western evidence can work in Middle East
STEMI bypass still works in the desert
STEMI bypass still works with a novel population
First study of it’s kind in UAE NE
One of very few studies in ME
Adds to AD STEMI network data
One of very few studies internationally to use EMTs for 12 Lead ECG and PCI activation
Northern Emirates do not have healthcare authorities unlike AD and Dubai