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Merangka Pertuduhan
dan Fakta Kes
Bahagian Undang-Undang
Kementerian Kesejahteraan Bandar,
Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan
Objektif Pertuduhan
Memaklumkan kepada OKT/OKS dan
Mahkamah tentang kesalahan yang
dipertuduhkan.
Kepentingan Pertuduhan di dalam
Pendakwaan
1.Pertuduhan adalah asas sesebuah kes daripada:
2.Perspektif pendakwaan;
3.Perspektif pembelaan; dan
4.Perspektif mahkamah.
Perspektif Pendakwaan
1.Menjelaskan intipati kesalahan yang hendak
dibuktikan;
2.Memberi panduan tentang keterangan untuk
membuktikan kes;
3.Mengelakkan keterangan yang boleh
memprejudiskan OKT/OKS; dan
PP v. LKI Holidays Leisure Sdn. Bhd.
[1998] 1 MLJ 315,
• di mana diputuskan bahawa:
• “Pegawai Pendakwa tidak patut memandang ringan terhadap tugas
mendraf pertuduhan.
• Sikap bahawa mendraf pertuduhan hanyalah tugas mekanikal patut
dibuang.
• Pegawai Pendakwa mestilah teliti dan memastikan bahawa
peruntukan-peruntukan ss. 152, 153 dan 154 KTJ dipatuhi secara
ketat dan seharusnya dari masa ke semasa meminta nasihat
Timbalan Pendakwa Raya terutamanya apabila ia berhubung
dengan mendraf kesalahan yang tidak begitu umum.”
Perspektif Pembelaan
1.Membolehkan OKT/OKS menyediakan
pembelaan.
2.Memastikan pertuduhan tidak memprejudiskan
OKT/OKS.
Lim Beh v Opium Farmer
[1842] 3 Ky. 110
• di mana diputuskan bahawa:
• “if there be any one principle of criminal law and justice
clearer and more obvious than all others, it is that the
offence imputed must be positively and precisely stated,
so that the accused may certainly know with what he is
charged and may be prepared to answer the charge in
the best way.”
Perspektif Mahkamah
1.Mahkamah dapat menjangkakan keterangan
yang dikemukakan oleh pendakwa;
2.Memastikan pertuduhan mematuhi peruntukan
undang-undang;
PP v. Leong Yoon Meow
[1953] MLJ xxxv
• di mana diputuskan bahawa:
• “… as far as the Magistrate is concerned, he should scrutinize
every charge brought before him and compare it with the
wording of the section under which it is brought. If it does not
set out all the ingredients of the alleged offence as described
in the section, he should refuse to proceed further with it, and
if it cannot be amended so as to bring it in accordance with
the section, it should be dismissed.”
Undang-Undang Berkaitan dengan
Pertuduhan
• Seksyen 152 hingga 172 Kanun Prosedur
Jenayah memperuntukkan bahawa:
• “merangkumi perkara-perkara yang wajib
disebutkan di dalam setiap pertuduhan.”
Intipati di dalam Pertuduhan
• Pertuduhan mestilah mengandungi:
i. Tarikh;
ii. Masa;
iii. Tempat;
iv. Apakah kesalahan yang dilakukan;
v. Ringkasan bagaimana kesalahan dilakukan;
vi. Harta jika ada;
vii. Mangsa jika ada;
viii. Kesalahan telah melanggar peruntukan
undang-undang yang mana; dan
ix. Peruntukan hukuman sekiranya melanggar
peruntukan undang-undang tersebut.
Apa akan jadi sekiranya Pertuduhan
salah (kes kepada Pendakwaan)
1. Pembuktian intipati kesalahan tidak dapat
dilakukan.
2. Tiada sabitan.
3. OKT/OKS akan dilepaskan dan dibebaskan.
4. Tiada pertuduhan semula boleh dilakukan.
Merangka Pertuduhan
Objektif Fakta Kes
1. Fakta kes memberikan penerangan lanjut berkaitan dengan
Pertuduhan kepada OKT/OKS
2. Pertuduhan cuma mengandungi ringkasan bagaimana kesalahan
dilakukan mengikut peruntukan undang-undang di dalam akta
3. Sebaliknya Fakta Kes lebih mendalam dan terperinci menjelaskan
bagaimana OKS/OKT telah melakukan kesalahan tersebut.
4. Fakta Kes adalah bertujuan mempercepatkan proses perbicaraan
di Mahkamah.
5. Fakta Kes dikemukakan kepada Mahkamah setelah diakui oleh
OKS/OKT bagi tujuan penerimaan pengakuan salah OKS/OKT di
Mahkamah.
6. Fakta Kes haruslah tepat.
7. Fakta Kes hendaklah dibacakan dan diakui oleh OKS/OKT.
Isi Kandungan Fakta Kes
1. Nama OKT/OKS
2. Nama pengadu
3. Tarikh, masa dan tempat
4. Butir-butir kesalahan (cerita kejadian)
5. Peruntukan seksyen kesalahan/hukuman
6. Fakta kes hendaklah menunjukkan (disclose) kesalahan seperti
dalam pertuduhan
7. Fakta kes hendaklah mengandungi semua intipati kesalahan
8. Fakta kes hendaklah mengandungi fakta yang boleh dibuktikan
oleh pendakwaan dan yang diperlukan dalam pertuduhan
9. Tidak perlu suatu cerita yang panjang lebar
10.Panjang sesuatu fakta kes bergantung kepada jenis
kes, intipati kesalahan dan pertuduhan
Peruntukan Undang-Undang Berkaitan
dengan Penyediaan Fakta Kes
1. Tiada peruntukan di dalam mana-mana Akta;
2. Namun begitu isu Fakta Kes ini telah ditimbulkan
di dalam keputusan kes-kes di Mahkamah.
3. Di dalam kes:
Palan v PP [1932] MLJ 124
Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa :
“It was held that in a case where the accused pleads guilty to the
charge, it is the duty of the trial judge before passing sentence
to take evidence of the nature of the crime charged.”
4. Di dalam kes:
PP v Soon Tiew Choon [1976] 1 MLJ 189
Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa :
“It was held that it is elementary but nonetheless fundamental
that when an accused pleads guilty to a charge, the brief facts
given by the prosecuting officer must reflect the true and
essential elements in the charge.”
5. Di dalam kes:
Abdul Kadir bin Abdul Rahman v PP [1984] 1 MLJ 80
Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa :
“It was submitted that the prosecution must give a detailed and
complete narrative of all the facts of the case together with a
recitation in the language of the relevant section of each and
every ingredient of the offence charged. Shankar J. said that the
establish practice is that the narrative be a short and summary
of the facts of the case.”
Merangka Fakta Kes
TAMAT

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Topik_8_-_Merangka_Pertuduhan_dan_Fakta_Kes.pdf

  • 1. Merangka Pertuduhan dan Fakta Kes Bahagian Undang-Undang Kementerian Kesejahteraan Bandar, Perumahan dan Kerajaan Tempatan
  • 2. Objektif Pertuduhan Memaklumkan kepada OKT/OKS dan Mahkamah tentang kesalahan yang dipertuduhkan.
  • 3. Kepentingan Pertuduhan di dalam Pendakwaan 1.Pertuduhan adalah asas sesebuah kes daripada: 2.Perspektif pendakwaan; 3.Perspektif pembelaan; dan 4.Perspektif mahkamah.
  • 4. Perspektif Pendakwaan 1.Menjelaskan intipati kesalahan yang hendak dibuktikan; 2.Memberi panduan tentang keterangan untuk membuktikan kes; 3.Mengelakkan keterangan yang boleh memprejudiskan OKT/OKS; dan
  • 5. PP v. LKI Holidays Leisure Sdn. Bhd. [1998] 1 MLJ 315, • di mana diputuskan bahawa: • “Pegawai Pendakwa tidak patut memandang ringan terhadap tugas mendraf pertuduhan. • Sikap bahawa mendraf pertuduhan hanyalah tugas mekanikal patut dibuang.
  • 6. • Pegawai Pendakwa mestilah teliti dan memastikan bahawa peruntukan-peruntukan ss. 152, 153 dan 154 KTJ dipatuhi secara ketat dan seharusnya dari masa ke semasa meminta nasihat Timbalan Pendakwa Raya terutamanya apabila ia berhubung dengan mendraf kesalahan yang tidak begitu umum.”
  • 7. Perspektif Pembelaan 1.Membolehkan OKT/OKS menyediakan pembelaan. 2.Memastikan pertuduhan tidak memprejudiskan OKT/OKS.
  • 8. Lim Beh v Opium Farmer [1842] 3 Ky. 110 • di mana diputuskan bahawa: • “if there be any one principle of criminal law and justice clearer and more obvious than all others, it is that the offence imputed must be positively and precisely stated, so that the accused may certainly know with what he is charged and may be prepared to answer the charge in the best way.”
  • 9. Perspektif Mahkamah 1.Mahkamah dapat menjangkakan keterangan yang dikemukakan oleh pendakwa; 2.Memastikan pertuduhan mematuhi peruntukan undang-undang;
  • 10. PP v. Leong Yoon Meow [1953] MLJ xxxv • di mana diputuskan bahawa: • “… as far as the Magistrate is concerned, he should scrutinize every charge brought before him and compare it with the wording of the section under which it is brought. If it does not set out all the ingredients of the alleged offence as described in the section, he should refuse to proceed further with it, and if it cannot be amended so as to bring it in accordance with the section, it should be dismissed.”
  • 11. Undang-Undang Berkaitan dengan Pertuduhan • Seksyen 152 hingga 172 Kanun Prosedur Jenayah memperuntukkan bahawa: • “merangkumi perkara-perkara yang wajib disebutkan di dalam setiap pertuduhan.”
  • 12. Intipati di dalam Pertuduhan • Pertuduhan mestilah mengandungi: i. Tarikh; ii. Masa; iii. Tempat; iv. Apakah kesalahan yang dilakukan; v. Ringkasan bagaimana kesalahan dilakukan;
  • 13. vi. Harta jika ada; vii. Mangsa jika ada; viii. Kesalahan telah melanggar peruntukan undang-undang yang mana; dan ix. Peruntukan hukuman sekiranya melanggar peruntukan undang-undang tersebut.
  • 14. Apa akan jadi sekiranya Pertuduhan salah (kes kepada Pendakwaan) 1. Pembuktian intipati kesalahan tidak dapat dilakukan. 2. Tiada sabitan. 3. OKT/OKS akan dilepaskan dan dibebaskan. 4. Tiada pertuduhan semula boleh dilakukan.
  • 16. Objektif Fakta Kes 1. Fakta kes memberikan penerangan lanjut berkaitan dengan Pertuduhan kepada OKT/OKS 2. Pertuduhan cuma mengandungi ringkasan bagaimana kesalahan dilakukan mengikut peruntukan undang-undang di dalam akta 3. Sebaliknya Fakta Kes lebih mendalam dan terperinci menjelaskan bagaimana OKS/OKT telah melakukan kesalahan tersebut.
  • 17. 4. Fakta Kes adalah bertujuan mempercepatkan proses perbicaraan di Mahkamah. 5. Fakta Kes dikemukakan kepada Mahkamah setelah diakui oleh OKS/OKT bagi tujuan penerimaan pengakuan salah OKS/OKT di Mahkamah. 6. Fakta Kes haruslah tepat. 7. Fakta Kes hendaklah dibacakan dan diakui oleh OKS/OKT.
  • 18. Isi Kandungan Fakta Kes 1. Nama OKT/OKS 2. Nama pengadu 3. Tarikh, masa dan tempat 4. Butir-butir kesalahan (cerita kejadian) 5. Peruntukan seksyen kesalahan/hukuman
  • 19. 6. Fakta kes hendaklah menunjukkan (disclose) kesalahan seperti dalam pertuduhan 7. Fakta kes hendaklah mengandungi semua intipati kesalahan 8. Fakta kes hendaklah mengandungi fakta yang boleh dibuktikan oleh pendakwaan dan yang diperlukan dalam pertuduhan
  • 20. 9. Tidak perlu suatu cerita yang panjang lebar 10.Panjang sesuatu fakta kes bergantung kepada jenis kes, intipati kesalahan dan pertuduhan
  • 21. Peruntukan Undang-Undang Berkaitan dengan Penyediaan Fakta Kes 1. Tiada peruntukan di dalam mana-mana Akta; 2. Namun begitu isu Fakta Kes ini telah ditimbulkan di dalam keputusan kes-kes di Mahkamah.
  • 22. 3. Di dalam kes: Palan v PP [1932] MLJ 124 Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa : “It was held that in a case where the accused pleads guilty to the charge, it is the duty of the trial judge before passing sentence to take evidence of the nature of the crime charged.”
  • 23. 4. Di dalam kes: PP v Soon Tiew Choon [1976] 1 MLJ 189 Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa : “It was held that it is elementary but nonetheless fundamental that when an accused pleads guilty to a charge, the brief facts given by the prosecuting officer must reflect the true and essential elements in the charge.”
  • 24. 5. Di dalam kes: Abdul Kadir bin Abdul Rahman v PP [1984] 1 MLJ 80 Mahkamah memutuskan bahawa : “It was submitted that the prosecution must give a detailed and complete narrative of all the facts of the case together with a recitation in the language of the relevant section of each and every ingredient of the offence charged. Shankar J. said that the establish practice is that the narrative be a short and summary of the facts of the case.”
  • 26. TAMAT