This document discusses anti-viral drugs used to treat various viral infections. It describes the life cycle of viruses and classification of anti-viral drugs for herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Acyclovir is discussed in more detail, including its mechanism of action which involves phosphorylation to inhibit viral DNA polymerase and cause chain termination during viral DNA synthesis. Therapeutic uses of acyclovir include treatment of HSV encephalitis, neonatal HSV infection, and suppressive therapy in pregnant women. Potential adverse effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache, and intravenous infusion related renal toxicity or neurologic effects.

1. ANTI-VIRAL DRUGS
DR.FOUZIA

2. LIFE CYCLE OF VIRUS

3. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-VIRAL DRUGS
A-Drugs for HSV & VZV
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
B-Drugs for CMV
Ganciclovir
Valganciclovir
C-Drugs for HIV
Enfuvirtide
Maraviroc
Lamivudine
Zidovudine

4. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTI-VIRAL DRUGS
C-Drugs for HIV
Nevirapine
Lopinavir
Hepatitis B
INF alfa-2b
Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)
Hepatitis C
Sofosbuvir
Ledipasvir

5. ACYCLOVIR
MOA:
It requires three phosphorylation steps for activation
Acyclovir(virus)Monophosphate diphostriphosphate(host)
Acyclovir triphosphate inhibits viral DNA synthesis
1-Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
2-Chain termination (incorporation)

7. ACYCLOVIR
Therapeutic indication:
1-HSV encephalitis
2-Neonatal HSV infection
3-Serious HSV,VZV infection
4-↓ cutaneous ,visceral VZV dissemination in immunocompromised
5-Suppressive therapy beginning at 36 week in pregnant women with active
recurrent genital herpes to ↓ risk of recurrence at delivery and ↓ need for cesarean
section

8. ACYCLOVIR
Adverse effects:
1-Nausea, diarrhea, headache
2-I/V infusion related effects:
A-Reversible renal toxicity:
Adequate hydration,
Slow infusion
B-Neurologic effects:
Tremors
Delirium
Seizures