A comparative study of reactive and proactive routing
1. A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF
REACTIVE AND PROACTIVE
ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET
PRESENTED BY
ABHIRAM.S
S3 MTECH CE
ROLL NO:01
2. Add-Hoc Network
• Ad-hoc is a Latin word which means "for this purpose"
• It is a decentralized type of wireless network.
• It does not rely on a pre-existing infrastructure, such as routers in wired
networks or access points in wireless networks.
• The routing decisions are made by the node itself.
• Ad-hoc network can be broadly classified into MANET and VANET.
3. MANET
• mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a self-routing, infrastructure less
network of mobile devices connected wirelessly
• MANETs have many applications : such as
military communication,
in search and rescue operations,
in home and enterprise networks,
in entertainment,
and in sensor networks
4. ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN MANET
• There are number of routing protocols in manet such as AODV,DSDV,DSR
etc..
• The routing protocols in MANET is classified into four types
1) PROACTIVE ROUTING
2) REACTIVE ROUTING
3) HYBRID ROUTING
4) HIERARCHICAL ROUTING
5. PROACTIVE ROUTING
• This type of protocols maintains a routing table; so it is otherwise called table
driven routing protocol.
• The address of nodes are periodically updated in the routing tables of all
nodes throughout the network.
• Nodes transmit hello message periodically to update routing table
• Eg: DSDV
6. • ADVANTAGES
1) Fast route discovery
2) Good reliability in packet delivery
• DISADVANTAGES
1) It need large routing overhead
2) It requires periodic hello message to find routing changes
7. REACTIVE ROUTING
• This protocol do not have any pre determined routing table, it is otherwise
called On Demand Routing Protocol
• Here node initiates a route discovery process throughout the network, only
when it wants to send packets to its destination.
• Route discovery is done by using flooding of route request packets
• Eg: AODV
8. • ADVANTAGES
1) It requires less routing overhead
2) It consume less resources due to the absence of large routing tables
• DISADVANTAGES
1) High latency time in route finding.
2) Excessive flooding can lead to network clogging.
9. HIERARCHICAL ROUTING
• This type of protocol combines the advantages of proactive and reactive
routing.
• The routing is initially established with proactive routing and then serves
reactive routing for additionally activated nodes by flooding.
HYBRID ROUTING
• It is similar to hybrid protocol but the choice of proactive and of reactive
routing depends on the hierarchic level in which a node resides
10. DSDV (DESTINATION SEQUENCE DISTANCE
VECTOR)
• It is a type of the PROACTIVE Routing Protocol
• It is developed by modifying the Distributed Bellman Ford algorithm for
using in mobile wireless environment.
• It uses a sequence number to avoid looping; hence called ‘destination
sequence distance vector’
• Each node maintain a routing table with destination address, hope count and
sequence number.
11. AODV (AD-HOC ON DEMAND DISTANCE
VECTOR)
• It is an improvement of the DSDV protocol
• There is no routing tables are maintained here; the routing is done by
flooding route request message to the neighboring nodes.
• Next hop is calculated on the basis of delay time of route reply messages.
• It use least congested path instead of shortest path.
• it also supports both unicast and multicast packet transmissions
• The advantage of AODV is that it minimize the number of required
broadcasts.
12. SIMULATION TOOL AND PARAMETERS
• The simulation is done by using NETWORK SIMULATOR-2 (NS 2)
• The parameters of the scenario is given in the table shown below.
Parameter value
Simulator NS
Version 2.35
Protocol studied AODV & DSDV
Number of nodes 30 and 50
Simulation Time 60 sec
Simulation Area 2000x2000
Traffic Type UDP
Data Payload Bytes/packet
Bandwidth 600kbps
14. PERFORMANCE METRICS
• Here we use three parameters to compare the performance of the two routing
1) End-to-End Delay (E2E): This metric includes all possible delay that may be
caused during the transmission of packet from source to destination.
2)Packet loss: It is the number of data packets lost during transmission.
3)Throughput: it is otherwise called Packet Delivery Fraction (PDF). It is the ratio
of the data packets delivered to the destinations to those generated by the sources
19. CONCLUSION
• From the comparison between AODV and DSDV it is clear that the
performance of REACTIVE Routing protocol is much better than
PROACTIVE routing protocols.
20. REFERENCES
• Performance Analysis of MANET Routing Protocols Using An Elegant Visual Simulation Tool
Nazmus Saquib1, Md. Sabbir Rahman Sakib, and Al-Sakib Khan Pathan2Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering,
BRAC University Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BRAC University66 Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212,
Bangladesh{nsaquib, srsakib}@bracu.ac.bd, sakib.pathan@gmail.com
• Simulation and Evaluation of MANET Routing Protocols for Educational Purposes
Alexandros Kaponias, Anastasios Politis, and Constantinos Hilas, Department of Informatics and Communications T.E.I. of Serres
Serres, Greece pli1542@teiser.gr. anpol@teiser.gr, chilas@teiser.gr
• Performance analysis of AODV, DSR & TORA Routing Protocols
Anuj K. Gupta, Member, IACSIT, Dr. Harsh Sadawarti, Dr. Anil K. Verma
• A comprehensive overview about selected Ad-Hoc Networking Routing Protocols
Daniel Lang March 14, 2003