XDSA

1. �
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
١
‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
ُ‫ـــﺪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺤ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬ ُ‫ـــﻤ‬ ْ
‫اﺳ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫آب‬ ُ
‫ـــﻦ‬ْ‫ﺑ‬‫ا‬ َ‫ـــﺎل‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬
ُ‫ﺪ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ْ‫ﺣ‬َ‫أ‬ ِ‫ر‬‫ـــﻮ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ُ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻞ‬ ُ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ َ
‫اﻟﻠـــﻪ‬
‫ﻘﻰ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻮل‬ ُ
‫ﺳ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً‫ﻴ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫ﺼ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻰ‬ َ
‫ﻘ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫و‬ َ‫ذ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻪ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ ْ‫ﺤ‬ َ
‫ﺻ‬ َ‫و‬ ِ
‫ِـــﻪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫آ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ﻮم‬ ُ
‫ﻈ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ َ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ـــﺬ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ‫ـــﺪ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬ َ
‫ﺎﻟﻘ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ُ‫ـــﺪ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫و‬
ِ
‫وم‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺮ‬ُ‫آﺟ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻦ‬ْ‫ﺑ‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ر‬‫ـــﻮ‬ُ‫ﺜ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ﻴﻞ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻬ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬َ‫ﺗ‬
‫ا‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ُ
‫ﺴ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ َ
‫ﻈ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ ِ
‫ﺣ‬ َ‫اد‬َ‫ر‬َ‫أ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻦ‬ َ‫ِﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ا‬َ‫ﺮ‬ ِ‫ﺜ‬ُ‫ﻧ‬ ْ‫ـــﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ
‫ـــﻆ‬ َ
‫ﻔ‬ ْ‫ﺤ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ْ
‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻪ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬
ْ‫ﻞ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﻞ‬ ُ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ ُ
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ِ
‫ﻌ‬ َ‫ـــﺘ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬َ‫أ‬ َ
‫واﻟﻠﻪ‬
ْ‫ﻞ‬ َ
‫ﻜ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺘ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ِ
‫ﻪ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫ﺪ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻪ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ِ‫إ‬

2. �
�
�
‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
٢
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺒﺘﺪﺋﲔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎدئ‬ ‫ﺗﻔﻬﻴﻢ‬ ١
‫ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ‬ َ
‫س‬ِ‫ر‬ُ‫د‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫إﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫إﺛﺒﺎت‬ ٢
‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻐﺮض‬
‫واﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ١
‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ٢
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ٣
‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻢ‬ ٤
‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎم‬
ً‫ﺄ‬‫ﺧﻄ‬ ‫ـﺒﺒﻬﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻘﻴﺪة‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻄﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻴ‬‫اﻟﻜﺜ‬ ‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫وﻗ‬
‫؛‬‫اﻟﻘﺮآن‬‫ﺧﻠﻖ‬‫ﻣﺤﻨﺔ‬ :‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬ ،‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻴ‬‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑ‬ ‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻐ‬‫اﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ـﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺸ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺼﻮص‬ ‫اﳋﺎﻃﺊ‬ ‫ـﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻬ‬‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ـﺒﺎﺑﻬﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫أ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺘ‬‫واﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬ً‫وأﺳﻠﻮﺑ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً
‫ﻟﻔﻈ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺮب‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮم‬ ‫أﻫﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺴﺘﻈﻬﺮ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺬﻫﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﺮ‬ُ‫ﳝ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات‬ ‫ﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ٍ‫ﺻﻐﻴﺮ‬ ٍ‫ﻣﱳ‬ ‫ﻗﺮاءة‬ ١
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺴﻤﻮﻋﺔ؛‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوح‬ ‫ﻷﺣﺪ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻮاﺻﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع‬ ٢
‫ﻣﻨﻪ‬ ‫أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات؛‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺪة‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﺳﺒﻮع‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﺎع‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮار‬ ٣
‫اﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺠﻮات‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻴﻊ‬ ‫ﻟﺴﺪ‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﳌﱳ؛‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎرح‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮﻛ‬ُ‫ﳌ‬‫ا‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع‬ ٤
‫اﻟﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺮاب؛‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺎرح‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺒﺎق‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻷﺧﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎع‬ ٥
‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺮاﺋﻖ‬ ‫أﻓﻀﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻪ‬ ‫وﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺪم‬ ١
‫وإﲤﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮوﺣﺎت‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﳌﺘﻮن‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎل‬ ٢
‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬ ‫دراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫أﺧﻄﺎء‬
‫ﻮﰲ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ،‫ﻫـ‬٦٧٢ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺪ‬ ِ‫ﻟ‬ُ‫و‬ .‫اﳌﻐﺮب‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ،‫اﻟﺼﻨﻬﺎﺟﻲ‬ ‫داود‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬
‫واﻟﺜﺎﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺮﻧﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ،‫ﻫـ‬٧٢٣ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﺗﻮﰲ‬ .‫اﻷﻟﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺻﺎﺣﺐ‬ :‫ﻣﺎﻟﻚ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻪ‬
‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺆﻟﻒ‬

3. �
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
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‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
٣
‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
ْ
‫ﻊ‬ ِ‫ﻤ‬ َ‫ـــﺘ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ َ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ ِ‫ﻋ‬ َ
‫م‬َ‫ﻼ‬ َ
‫اﻟـــﻜ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
ْ
‫ﻊ‬ ِ
‫ﺿ‬ ُ‫و‬ ْ‫ـــﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ٌ‫ﻴـــﺪ‬ ِ
‫ﻔ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ
‫ـــﺐ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻛ‬َ‫ﺮ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ
‫ـــﻆ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ‫ﺘ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬ُ‫ـــﺎﻣ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫ﻗ‬َ‫أ‬
‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ُ
‫ف‬ْ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬ ٌ‫ـــﻞ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ْ
‫ِﺳ‬‫ا‬
ْ
‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ِ
‫ﻳﻦ‬ ِ
‫ﻮ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺎﻟﺘ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫و‬ ِ
‫ﺾ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ َ‫ﺎﻟﺨ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ
‫ﻢ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬ ِ
‫ﺎﻻ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻮا‬ َ
‫ﻔ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ُ
‫ﻒ‬ ْ
‫ﺎﻗ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ُ
‫ف‬َ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ْ‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ ِ
‫ﻮل‬ُ‫ﺧ‬ُ‫د‬
‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ِ‫إ‬ ْ
‫ﻦ‬ ِ‫ﻣ‬ َ
‫ـــﻲ‬ ْ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﺮ‬ َ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ِ
‫وف‬ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ُ‫ﺤ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﻰ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﺒ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ب‬ُ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ـــﻦ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫او‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫و‬ ُ
‫م‬َ‫ﻼ‬‫ـــ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫وا‬ ُ
‫ﺎف‬ َ
‫اﻟـــﻜ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ﺣﺘـــﻰ‬ ّ‫ـــﻞ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫ـــﺬ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫وﻣـــﺬ‬
ْ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻘ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫و‬ َ
‫ف‬ ْ
‫ﻮ‬ َ
‫ﺳ‬ َ‫و‬ ِ
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ﺎﻟﺴ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ‫ﻞ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ ِ
‫اﻟﻔ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ‫د‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫ُه‬‫ﺰ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ِ
‫ِﻴـــﺚ‬‫ﻧ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ ْ
‫ﺎﻋ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
َ‫ﻼ‬‫ـــ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ ْ
‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻻ‬َ‫ﺄ‬‫ـــ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ
‫ف‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ُ
‫ف‬ْ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬َ‫اﻟﺤ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﻰ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ َ‫ﻛ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ِﻴـــ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫د‬ ٍ
‫ـــﻞ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ َ‫ﻻ‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬ ِ
‫ﻻ‬

4. �
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
٤
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
‫واﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬
‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ‬
:‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
« ِ
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ُ‫اﳌﻔﻴﺪ‬ ، ُ
‫اﳌﺮﻛﺐ‬ ُ
‫اﻟﻠﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ُ‫»اﻟﻜﻼم‬
:‫اﻟﻜﻼم‬ ‫ﺷﺮوط‬
‫ﺑﺤﺮوف‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﻮت‬:‫ﺎ‬ ً
‫ﻟﻔﻈ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬
‫واﺣﺪة‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬:‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻣﺮﻛﺒ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬
‫ﺗﺎم‬ ‫وﻣﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬:‫ا‬ ً
‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫أي‬:‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬ ‫أن‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫أﻗﺴﺎم‬
:‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
:‫ﺛﻼﺛﺔ‬ ‫»وأﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‬
ٌ
‫اﺳﻢ‬
ٌ
‫وﻓﻌﻞ‬
«‫ﳌﻌﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ ٌ
‫وﺣﺮف‬
‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬
١
، ِ
‫ـﺾ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻔ‬‫ﺑﺎﳋ‬ : ُ
‫ـﺮف‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ُ‫ـﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫»ﻓﺎﻻ‬ :‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟـــﺮ‬ ‫اﺑـــﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘـــﻮل‬
.« ِ
‫اﳋﻔﺾ‬ ُ
‫ـﺮوف‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣ‬‫و‬ ، ِ‫واﻟﻼم‬ ِ
‫ـﻒ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬‫اﻷ‬ ِ
‫ـﻮل‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ود‬ ، ِ
‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳ‬‫واﻟﺘﻨﻮ‬
‫أو‬ ، ٍ
‫أف‬ - ٌ
‫ﺟﻠﻮس‬ :‫ﻧﺤـــﻮ‬ ،‫اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫اﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣـــﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺳـــﻢ‬
،‫)ﻣﻦ‬ :‫وﻫﻲ‬ ‫اﳋﻔﺾ‬ ‫أوﺣﺮوف‬ ،‫اﻟﺬي‬ :‫ﻧﺤـــﻮ‬ ،‫واﻟﻼم‬ ‫اﻷﻟﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ،‫واﻟﻼم‬ ،‫اﻟﻜﺎف‬ ،‫اﻟﺒﺎء‬ ، ‫ﱡ‬
‫رب‬ ،‫ﰲ‬ ،‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ﻋﻦ‬ ،‫إﻟﻰ‬
ٍ
‫ﺟﺎﻟﺲ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ُ‫ﻤﺖ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺳ‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،(‫واﻟﺘﺎء‬ ،‫واﻟﺒﺎء‬ ،‫اﻟﻮاو‬ :‫وﻫﻲ‬
٢
،‫ـﺎرة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺷ‬‫اﻹ‬ ‫ـﻤﺎء‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫أ‬ ،‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬) :‫ـﻤﺎء‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫أﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
،‫ـﺎدر‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺼ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫ـﻤﺎء‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫أ‬ ،‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺴ‬‫اﳋﻤ‬ ‫ـﻤﺎء‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫اﻷ‬ ،‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬‫اﳌﻮﺻﻮ‬ ‫ـﻤﺎء‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫اﻷ‬
،‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬‫و‬ ‫ـﺰة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫اﻟﻬ‬ ‫ـﺪا‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ـﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫اﻻ‬ ‫ـﻤﺎء‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫أ‬ ،‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎ‬ ‫ـﻤﺎء‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫أ‬
(‫إن‬ ‫ﻋﺪا‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮط‬ ‫أدوات‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬
١
، ِ
‫ـﲔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺴ‬‫واﻟ‬ ،‫ـﻘﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬ ِ‫ﺑ‬ : ُ
‫ـﺮف‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ُ‫»واﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬:‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟـــﺮ‬‫اﺑﻦ‬‫ﻳﻘـــﻮل‬
- ‫ﺳـــﺄذﻫﺐ‬ - ‫أﻓﻠﺢ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ :«‫ـﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟ‬ ِ
‫اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ‬ ِ‫وﺗﺎء‬ ، َ
‫ـﻮف‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫و‬
ْ‫ذﻫﺒﺖ‬ - ‫أﲢﺮك‬ ‫ﺳﻮف‬
٢
:‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻷﻧﻮاع‬ ‫اﳌﻤﻴﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬
ْ‫ذﻫﺒﺖ‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫اﻟﺴﺎﻛﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﺗﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ :‫اﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺠﻠﺲ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ :‫اﳌﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪﻻﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻣـــﻊ‬ ‫اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒـــﺔ‬ ‫ﻳـــﺎء‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬ :‫اﻷﻣـــﺮ‬‫ﻓﻌـــﻞ‬
‫اﺟﻠﺴﻲ‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫اﻟﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫اﳊﺮف‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬
١
ُ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ُ‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ﺢ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬‫ﻳﺼ‬ ‫ـﺎﻻ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ُ
‫»واﳊﺮف‬ :‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫آﺟـــﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
‫إﳕﺎ‬ ،‫وﺟﻮدﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ .« ِ
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ُ‫دﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻄﺒﻖ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫أي‬ :‫أي‬ ،‫ﻋﺪﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﻬـــﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺳﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
٢
،‫اﻟﻨﺪاء‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ،‫اﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬) :‫اﻷﺣﺮف‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫أﻫﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ،‫ﻗﺪ‬ ،‫اﳌﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫وﺟﺰم‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫أدوات‬ ،‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫إن‬
(‫وأﺟﻞ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ‫ﻧﻌﻢ‬ :‫اﳉﻮاب‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻮاﺑﻂ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻤﻴﻴﺰ‬ - ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﺴﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻤﻴﺰة‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎت‬

5. �
�
�
‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
٥
‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
ْ
‫ِـــﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫اﻟﻜ‬ ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ِ‫اﺧ‬ َ‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴﻴـــ‬ ْ
‫ﻐ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ُ
‫اب‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﻋ‬ ِ
‫اﻻ‬
‫ِﻢ‬‫ﻨ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ
‫اﻏ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺪ‬َ‫اﻟﺤ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ـــﺬ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً
‫ﻈ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ْ
‫او‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳـــ‬ ِ‫ﺪ‬ ْ
‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﺗ‬
ِ
‫اب‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ِ
‫ﻄ‬ ْ
‫ﺿ‬ ِ
‫ﻻ‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴـــ‬ِ‫ﻴ‬ ْ
‫ﻐ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ َ
‫ِـــﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬ َ‫ذ‬ َ‫و‬
ِ
‫اب‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﻋ‬ ِ
‫ِﻺ‬‫ﻟ‬ ُ‫ـــﻞ‬ُ‫ﺧ‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ٍ
‫ـــﻞ‬ ِ‫اﻣ‬ َ‫ﻮ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬
‫ﱡ‬
‫م‬ َ
‫ـــﺆ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ ٌ‫ـــﺔ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ﻪ‬ُ‫ـــﺎﻣ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫أﻗ‬
ُ
‫م‬ْ‫ـــﺰ‬َ‫ﺟ‬ ٌ
‫ـــﺾ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬ ٌ
‫ـــﺐ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫رﻓـــﻊ‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ
‫ـــﺐ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬َ‫ر‬ َ
‫ون‬ُ‫د‬ ِ
‫ن‬َ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫و‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ِ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻀ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ِ
‫ﻞ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ ِ
‫اﻟﻔ‬ َ‫و‬ ِ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬ ِ
‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﱢ‬‫ﺮ‬ َ‫ﺎﻟﺠ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ َ
‫ﺺ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ﺼ‬ُ‫ﺧ‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ُ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬ ِ
‫ﺎﻻ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ ْ
‫ﺎﻋ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ٍ
‫م‬ْ‫ـــﺰ‬ َ‫ﺠ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ‫ﻞ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ ِ
‫اﻟﻔ‬ َ
‫ـــﺺ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ﺼ‬ُ‫ﺧ‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬

6. �
�
�
‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
٦
‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
١
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ،‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ ،‫)ﺣﺮف‬ :‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫اﻟﻜﻠ‬ ‫ـﻮع‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ذ‬
(‫اﳌﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﳌﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ،‫اﳌﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ،‫أﻣﺮ‬
٢
،‫ـﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬‫اﻟﺮ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫)ﰲ‬ :‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫اﻹﻋﺮا‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺣﻜﻤ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ذ‬
‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ا‬ ،‫ـﺰم‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ا‬ ،‫ـﺐ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺼ‬‫اﻟﻨ‬
(‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬
٣
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫أرﻛﺎن‬
‫اﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬‫و‬ ‫اﳊﺮوف‬
‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ = ‫إﻋﺮاﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬
‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬
‫واﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫إﻋﺮاﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﻜﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺪ‬ُ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫وﺣﺮف‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ١
‫وﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺮب‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ ٢
‫ﺿﺮورﺗﺎن‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺤﻮ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﺑﺔ‬
‫إﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫واﺿﺢ؛‬ ‫إﻋﺮاﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫إﻋﺮاﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻈﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ل‬ ُ‫ﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫إﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻣﺾ؛‬ ‫إﻋﺮاﺑﻬﺎ‬
‫إﻋﺮاﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻈﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ل‬ ُ‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺮف‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳊﺮوف‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫آﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫اﳌﺎﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫اﳌﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺰم‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬
ْ‫ﺐ‬‫اذﻫ‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫اﻷﻏﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ١
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮن‬‫ﺣﺮف‬‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬
،(‫اﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫)واو‬‫اذﻫﺒــــﻮا‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫اﳋﻤﺴـــﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌـــﺎل‬
(‫اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒﺔ‬ ‫)ﻳﺎء‬ ‫اذﻫﺒﻲ‬ ،(‫اﻻﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫)أﻟﻒ‬ ‫اذﻫﺒﺎ‬
٢
‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫آﺧﺮه‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫اﻟﻌ‬‫ﺣﺮف‬‫ﺣﺬف‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬
ِ‫م‬‫ار‬ ،(‫)ﻳﺨﺸـــﻰ‬ َ‫ﺶ‬‫اﺧـــ‬ ،(‫)ﻳﺪﻋـــﻮ‬ ُ‫ع‬‫اد‬ :‫ﻧﺤـــﻮ‬ ،‫ـــﺔ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬
(‫)ﻳﺮﻣﻲ‬
٣
‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬
‫ﺴﺘﺜﻨﻰ‬ُ‫وﻳ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﺻﻞ‬
‫آﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ُﺒﻨﻰ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬ ١٠
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
:‫ﺣﺎﻟﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫وﻳﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻌﺮب‬ ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫أﻧﻪ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺴﻮة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﻮن‬ ‫اﺗﺼﻞ‬ ‫إذا‬
‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬
: َ‫ﻋﻠﻴـﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼم‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻮﻟﺔ‬
(‫ﻌﺮب‬ُ‫ﻣ‬) ‫اﳌﺜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻮى‬
‫اﻟﻠﺘﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻠﺬان‬ ‫ﻛـ‬
:‫أﺣﺒﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴـــﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠـــﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻮﻳﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻮم‬
:ِ‫ﺳﻴﺒﻮﻳﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨـــﻲ‬ ‫اﺳـــﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺤـــﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴـــﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﺑﺔ‬ :(‫)أي‬ ‫ﺳﻮى‬
:‫أﺑﻮك؟‬ ْ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫اﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬
‫اﻹﺷﺎرة‬
(‫ﻌﺮب‬ُ‫ﻣ‬) ‫اﳌﺜﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻮى‬
‫ﻫﺎﺗﺎن‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻫﺬان‬ ‫ﻛـ‬
:ِ‫ﻫﺆﻻء‬ ُ‫أﻛﺮﻣﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫إﺷﺎرة‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺒﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻋﺪاد‬
١٩ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ١١ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
(‫ﻌﺮﺑﺔ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬) ١٢ ‫ﺳﻮى‬
:َ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻋﺸ‬ َ‫ﺔ‬‫ﺧﻤﺴ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨـــﻲ‬ ‫اﺳـــﻢ‬
‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﳉﺰﺋـــﲔ‬ ‫ﻓﺘـــﺢ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮط‬
‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﺑﺔ‬ :(‫)أي‬ ‫ﺳﻮى‬
:‫ﻳﻨﺠﺢ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺘﻬﺪ‬ ْ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺷﺮط‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬
‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬
:‫ﺳﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬
‫وﻣﻌﻨﺎﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻔﻈﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
ٍ
‫أف‬ - ْ‫ﻪ‬‫ﺻ‬ - َ‫ﲔ‬‫آﻣ‬

7. �
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
٧
‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
ُ
‫ـــﻮن‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ
‫ِـــﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫أ‬ ٌ‫او‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ﱞ‬
‫ـــﻢ‬ َ
‫ﺿ‬
ُ
‫ـــﻮن‬ ُ
‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ِ‫ـــﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬ ُ‫ـــﺔ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻼ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬
ِ
‫ﺎء‬ َ‫ـــﻤ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ َ‫د‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﱟ‬
‫ـــﻢ‬ َ
‫ﻀ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻊ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ْ‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
ِ
‫ء‬َ‫ﻼ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫اﻟﻌ‬ ُ
‫ـــﺐ‬ ِ
‫ﺎﺣ‬ َ
‫ﺻ‬ ٌ‫ـــﺪ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬َ‫ز‬ ‫ﺠـــﺎء‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺴ‬ َ
‫ﻜ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ َ
‫ﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻪ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫ﻊ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ْ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬
‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ِﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ٍ
‫ـــﺚ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻧ‬ َ
‫ﺆ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻦ‬ ِ‫ﻣ‬ َ
‫ـــﻊ‬ ِ‫ﻤ‬ُ‫ﺟ‬
ْ‫ﻞ‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫ﺬ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻀ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ـــﺬ‬ َ‫ﻛ‬
ْ‫ﻞ‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬ َ‫ﻴ‬ َ‫ﻛ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫ـــﺪ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ
‫ﻬ‬ َ‫ﻴ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ ِ
‫ﻪ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـــﻲء‬ َ
‫ﺷ‬
َ
‫ك‬ ْ
‫ـــﻮ‬ُ‫ﺑ‬َ‫أ‬ ً
‫ـــﺔ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ ٍ‫او‬ َ‫ـــﻮ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻊ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ْ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬
َ
‫ـــﻮك‬ ُ
‫ﻓ‬ َ
‫ـــﻮك‬ ُ‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ٍ
‫ـــﺎل‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫و‬ ُ‫ذ‬ َ
‫ـــﻮك‬ُ‫ﺧ‬َ‫أ‬
ِ
‫ف‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﺎﻋ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ُ‫ﻴﺢ‬ ِ
‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﺼ‬ ُ
‫ﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ﺬ‬ َ
‫ﻜ‬ َ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫و‬
ِ
‫ِـــﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺎ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ُ
‫ـــﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬
ْ
‫ﻮن‬ُ‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ِ
‫ن‬َ‫ﻼ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ٍ
‫ُـــﻮن‬‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻊ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ْ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬
ْ
‫ـــﻮن‬ُ‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ َ
‫ِﻴـــﻦ‬‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ِ
‫ن‬َ‫ﻼ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ َ‫و‬

8. ٨
�
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
١
:‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬
(...‫ﺧﺒﺮ‬ ،‫)ﻣﺒﺘﺪأ‬ :‫ﻌﺮﺑﺔ‬ُ‫ﳌ‬‫ا‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ (‫أ‬
(‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫)ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻀﺎرﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ (‫ب‬
٢
،‫ـﺐ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺼ‬‫اﻟﻨ‬ ،‫ـﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻓ‬‫)اﻟﺮ‬ :‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫اﻹﻋﺮا‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﺣﻜﻤ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ذ‬
(‫اﳉﺮ‬ ،‫اﳉﺰم‬
٣
‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫ذﻛﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮب‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫أرﻛﺎن‬
‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎم‬
‫اﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﳊـــﺮوف‬ ‫إﻋﺮاب‬ :‫اﻟﺴـــﻬﻞ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫وﻓﻌﻞ‬
١
‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ :‫ﻨﻀﺒﻂ‬ُ‫ﳌ‬‫ا‬ ٢
‫ﻞ‬ ِ
‫ﺸﻜ‬ُ‫ﳌ‬‫ا‬ ٣
‫ـﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻘ‬‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻘﺎ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬‫و‬ ،‫ـﺔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻋﻼ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻣﻔﺮد‬
‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺮاﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﳊﻜﻢ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ،‫اﻷدﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻜﻠﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻌﺮﺑﺔ‬ُ‫ﳌ‬‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ‬
‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎم‬
‫أﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫وﻧﺼﺒﻬﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻀﻤﺔ‬ ‫رﻓﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺮﺑﺎت‬ ‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬ ‫وﺟﺰﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮة‬ ‫وﺟﺮﻫﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬
،‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ،‫اﳌﺜﻨﻰ‬ ،‫اﳋﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ :‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ٌ‫ﺧﻤﺴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻤﻨﻮع‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺆﻧﺚ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬
‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﻌﺘﻞ‬ ‫اﳌﻀﺎرع‬ ،‫اﳋﻤﺴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ :‫اﳌﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎن‬
:‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
ٌ‫وﺟﺰم‬ ٌ
‫وﺧﻔﺾ‬ ٌ
‫وﻧﺼﺐ‬ ٌ‫رﻓﻊ‬ :‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫»وأﻗﺴﺎﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ َ‫م‬‫ﺟﺰ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ُ
‫واﳋﻔﺾ‬ ُ
‫واﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ُ‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ :‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ُ‫ﻓﻠﻸﺳﻤﺎء‬
«‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‬ َ
‫ﺧﻔﺾ‬ ‫وﻻ‬ ُ‫واﳉﺰم‬ ُ
‫واﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ُ‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ :‫ذﻟﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫وﻟﻸﻓﻌﺎل‬
‫اﻹﻋﺮاﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻜﺎم‬

9. �
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
٩
‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
‫ﻴﺎ‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬ ْ‫ﺤ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ْ
‫ﻦ‬ ُ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ِ
‫ـــﺐ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ‬ ُ
‫ﺔ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻼ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬
‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬ َ
‫ﻜ‬ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬ ُ
‫ِـــﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫ـــﺢ‬ ْ‫ﺘ‬ َ
‫اﻟﻔ‬
ِ
‫ﻪ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ‫ﺢ‬ ْ‫ﺘ‬ َ
‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫ـــﺬ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ٍ
‫ُﻮن‬‫ﻧ‬ ُ
‫ف‬ ْ‫ـــﺬ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ َ‫و‬
ِ
‫ـــﻪ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ـــﻰ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ذ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ٌ‫ـــﺔ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻼ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬
ُ‫د‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬ ِ‫ع‬‫ـــﻮ‬ ُ‫ﻤ‬ُ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺴ‬ َ
‫ﻜ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
ُ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ـــﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ َ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫ـــﺬ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻀ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬
ْ
‫م‬ِ‫ﺰ‬ َ‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ َ
‫ـــﺔ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫اﻟﺨ‬ ِ
‫ِـــﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ﺎ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬
ْ
‫ِﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫ﺳ‬ ٍ
‫ِﻴﺚ‬‫ﻧ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ َ
‫ﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫ﺟ‬ ٍ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬ َ
‫ﻜ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫ﺐ‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬ْ‫اﻧ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﻰ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬ َ‫ﺜ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ َ‫و‬ َ
‫ـــﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ن‬َ‫ﺄ‬‫ـــ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ ْ
‫اﻋ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﻰ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ُ
‫ـــﺚ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ِ
‫ـــﺎء‬ َ‫ﺎﻟﻴ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ُ
‫ﻬ‬ُ‫ﺒ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻧ‬
ْ
‫ﺖ‬َ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬ُ‫ﺒ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ ُ‫ﺎل‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ﺔ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫اﻟﺨ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ
‫ـــﺖ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ ِ
‫ُﺼ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ِﻬ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬ ِ
‫ف‬ ْ‫ـــﺬ‬َ‫ﺤ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬

10. �
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
١٠
‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ‫ﺘ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ِ
‫ـــﺾ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ َ‫اﻟﺨ‬ ُ‫ـــﺔ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻼ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬
ِ
‫ـــﻒ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ
‫ﺎﻗ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ٌ‫ـــﺢ‬ ْ‫ﺘ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬ ٌ
‫ـــﺎء‬َ‫ﻳ‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ‫د‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ ُ‫ِﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬ ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬ َ
‫ﺎﻟﻜ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ
‫ـــﺾ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ َ‫ﺎﻟﺨ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﺮ‬ َ
‫ﺼ‬ْ‫اﻧ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ ٍ‫ـــﻴﺮ‬ ِ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ِ‫ـــﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺟ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﻰ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬ َ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ِ
‫ِﻴﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﺳ‬ ٍ
‫ِﻴـــﺚ‬‫ﻧ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ِ‫ـــﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫ﺟ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬ َ‫ﺜ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ِ‫ﺧ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ٍ
‫ﺎء‬ َ‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫ـــﺾ‬ ِ
‫ﻔ‬ ْ‫اﺧ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ
‫ف‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ
‫اﻋ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ف‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﺎﻋ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ َ
‫ﺔ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫اﻟﺨ‬ َ‫و‬ َ
‫ﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫اﻟﺠ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ
‫ف‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ َ
‫ﺼ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ َ‫ﻻ‬‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻞ‬ ُ‫ﻛ‬ ٍ‫ﺢ‬ ْ‫ﺘ‬ َ
‫ﻔ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫ﺾ‬ ِ
‫ﻔ‬ ْ‫اﺧ‬ َ‫و‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰم‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
ِ
‫ـــﺎن‬ َ
‫ﻫ‬ ْ
‫ذ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫و‬ َ‫ذ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ َ
‫ﻮن‬ َ
‫ـــﻜ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺴ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
ِ
‫ـــﺎن‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻼ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ِ
‫م‬ْ‫ـــﺰ‬ َ‫ِﻠﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬ َ
‫اﻟﺤـــﺬف‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﻰ‬َ‫ﺗ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ ً‫ﻋ‬ِ‫ر‬‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻀ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ٍ
‫ﻴﻦ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻜ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫م‬ِ‫ﺰ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ‫ﺎﺟ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻰ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ُ
‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ِ‫اﻵﺧ‬ َ‫ﻴـــﺢ‬ ِ
‫ﺤ‬ َ
‫ﺻ‬
َ‫ﻻ‬َ‫ﻼ‬ ِ‫ﺘ‬ ْ
‫اﻋ‬ ‫ـــﻰ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ
‫اﻛ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ٍ
‫ف‬ ْ‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﺤ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫م‬ِ‫ﺰ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ‫اﺟ‬ َ‫و‬
َ‫ﻻ‬‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ َ
‫ـــﺔ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫اﻟﺨ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ِ‫آﺧ‬

11. ١١
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬
‫اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺎء‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫اﻻﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫أﻟﻒ‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫اﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫واو‬ :‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺛﺒﻮت‬ :‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺟﺘﻬﺎد‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬ :‫اﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻴﻮم‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮا‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻨﻮن‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬ :‫اﳉﺰم‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻴﻮم‬ ‫ﻳﻌﻤﻠﻮا‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫اﻵﺧﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺘﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬
(‫اﻟﻴﺎء‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫اﻷﻟﻒ‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫)اﻟﻮاو‬ :‫ﺔ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
:‫اﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬
َ‫ﻲ‬‫ﻳﺮﻣ‬ ‫ﻛﻲ‬ - َ‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳﺪﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﻦ‬
‫ﻇﻬﻮرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨـــﻊ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﳌﻘﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴـــﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ـــﺔ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﳌﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﻟـــﻒ‬ ‫ر؛‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌـــﺬ‬
‫ﻳﺨﺸﻰ‬ ‫أن‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫ﲢﺮﻳﻜﻬﺎ‬
‫ﱠﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ ‫ﺣﺬف‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬
:‫اﳉﺰم‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
َ
‫ﻳﺨﺶ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ - ِ‫ﻳﺮم‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ - ُ‫ع‬‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬
:‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻇﻬﻮرﻫﺎ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﻣﻨـــﻊ‬‫ة‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﳌﻘﺪر‬‫اﻟﻀﻤـــﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻌﻬﺎ‬ ‫وﻣﺴﺘﻮرة‬ ‫ﺎة‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻐﻄ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻘﻞ؛‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫اﳌﺠﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻈﻬﻮر‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻳﺮﻣﻲ‬ - ‫ﻳﺪﻋﻮ‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫اﻟﺜﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻇﻬﻮرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣـــﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻊ‬ ‫ة‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﳌﻘﺪر‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤـــﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺴـــﺘﺤﻴﻞ‬ ‫ـــﺔ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻳ‬‫اﳌﺪ‬ ‫اﻷﻟـــﻒ‬ ‫ر؛‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌـــﺬ‬
‫ﻳﺨﺸﻰ‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫ﲢﺮﻳﻜﻬﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻤﺴﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬
‫ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻮاو‬ :‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻟﻒ‬ :‫اﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎء‬ :‫اﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻤﺎك‬ ُ‫أﻛﺮﻣﺖ‬
‫أﺑـﻴـﻚ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ُ‫ﻤﺖ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫أﺧـﻮك‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫اﻷﻟﻒ‬ :‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎء‬ :‫اﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎء‬ :‫اﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﶈﻤﺪﻳـﻦ‬ ُ‫رأﻳﺖ‬
‫اﶈﻤﺪﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ُ‫ﻤﺖ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫اﶈﻤﺪان‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺬﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺎﺗﻪ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻮاو‬ :‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎء‬ :‫اﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻴﺎء‬ :‫اﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﳌﻬﻨﺪﺳـﻴـﻦ‬ ُ‫أﻛﺮﻣﺖ‬
‫اﳌﺠﺘﻬﺪﻳـﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ُ‫ﻤﺖ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫اﶈﻤﺪون‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺴﺎﻟﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﻧﺚ‬
‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮة‬ :‫اﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
ِ‫ت‬‫اﳌﻌﻠﻤﺎ‬ ُ‫أﻛﺮﻣﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻜﺴﺮة‬ :‫اﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
ِ‫ت‬‫ﺑﺎﳌﻌﻠﻤﺎ‬ ُ‫ﻣﺮرت‬
‫اﻟﻀﻤﺔ‬ :‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
ُ‫ت‬‫اﳌﻌﻠﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺟﺎءت‬
‫اﻟﺼﺮف‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻤﻨﻮع‬
‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻌﺖ‬ ِ‫ﻨ‬ ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫أﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺸﺒﻬﻬﺎ‬
(‫ﺑﺎﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫)واﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻀﻤﺔ‬ :‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
ُ‫ﺪ‬‫أﺣﻤ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬ :‫اﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
َ‫ﺪ‬‫أﺣﻤ‬ ُ‫أﻛﺮﻣﺖ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺘﺤﺔ‬ :‫اﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻣﺔ‬
َ‫ﺪ‬‫أﺣﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ُ‫ﻤﺖ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺳ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔ‬

12. �
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
١٢
‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫وأﺣﻜﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﺴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
َ‫ﻼ‬‫ـــ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ ْ‫ـــﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﱞ‬
‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻀ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ
‫ـــﺔ‬َ‫ﺛ‬َ‫ﻼ‬َ‫ﺛ‬ َ
‫ـــﻲ‬ ْ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫و‬
َ‫ﻼ‬‫ـــ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ٌ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻀ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ‫ـــﺮ‬ ْ‫ﻣ‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ـــﻞ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ا‬ َ‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﺑ‬َ‫أ‬ ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴـــ‬ ِ‫ﺧ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ـــﻮح‬ُ‫ﺘ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﺎﺿ‬ َ‫ﺎﻟﻤ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
‫ى‬ َ‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ِ
‫ﺾ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺒ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ى‬ َ‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ِ
‫م‬ْ‫ﺰ‬ َ‫ﺎﻟﺠ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬ ْ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫ﺬ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻀ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ر‬ ْ‫ـــﺎد‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ُ
‫ـــﺖ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬َ‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ ِ
‫ِـــﺪ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬َ‫ز‬ ‫ى‬ َ‫ـــﺪ‬ ْ‫ﺣ‬ِ‫إ‬
ُ‫د‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ َ‫ﺠ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ
‫ـــﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ ُ‫ﻤ‬ ْ
‫ﻜ‬ُ‫ﺣ‬ َ‫و‬
ُ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ـــﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ ٍ
‫م‬ِ‫ز‬‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﺟ‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ
‫ـــﺐ‬ ِ
‫ﺎﺻ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻦ‬ ِ‫ﻣ‬

13. ١٣
�
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
‫اﻟﺼﻴﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻷرﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺰواﺋﺪ‬ ‫ـﺪى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺣ‬‫إ‬ ‫أوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ :‫»واﳌﻀﺎرع‬ :‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫آﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘـــﻮل‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺧ‬‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺘﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫ـﺪ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫أ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫ـﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬‫و‬ ،(ُ‫أﻧﻴﺖ‬) :‫ـﻚ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻗﻮ‬ ‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻳﺠﻤﻌ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺘ‬‫اﻟ‬
«‫ﺟﺎزم‬ ‫أو‬ ،‫ﻧﺎﺻﺐ‬
‫ـﺎء‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻨ‬‫واﻟﺒ‬ ‫ـﺮاب‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬‫اﻹ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ـﻢ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺳ‬‫اﻻ‬ ‫ـﺎﺑﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺸ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ـﻲ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻳﻌ‬ :‫ـﺎﺑﻪ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺸ‬ ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫أي‬ ‫ـﺎرع‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻀ‬‫ﻣ‬
،‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫أﻟﻒ‬ :‫اﳌﻀﺎرﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺮف‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪأ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺑﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻼ‬ ‫ـﺎرع‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻀ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﻟﻮا‬ ‫ـﻒ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺻ‬‫و‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﻀﺎرع؛‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﺼﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﳊـــﺮوف‬ ‫ﻫﺬه‬) ‫ﺨﺎﻃﺐ‬ ُ‫ﻟﻠﻤ‬ ‫ﺗﺎء‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ـﺎء‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳ‬ ،‫ـﲔ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻜﻠ‬ ‫ـﻮن‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧ‬
(‫ﻧﺼﺮ‬ - ‫أﻛﻞ‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫ﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺒﺪأ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬
َ‫ﺐ‬‫ذﻫ‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬،‫اﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ :‫إﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً‫داﺋﻤ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻰ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬
:‫ﺣﺎﻻت‬ ‫ﺛﻼث‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﳌﻘﺪ‬ ‫أو‬
‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻇﻬﻮر‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻨ‬‫)ﻣ‬ ‫رﻣـــﻰ‬ - ‫دﻋـــﺎ‬ :‫ـــﺎ‬ً‫ﻔ‬‫أﻟ‬ ‫آﺧـــﺮه‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬
(‫ر‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺬﱡ‬
١
‫ﻇﻬﻮرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫)ﻣﻨﻊ‬ ‫ذﻫﺒﻮا‬ :‫اﳉﻤﺎﻋـــﺔ‬ ‫واو‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﻠـــﺖ‬ ‫أو‬
(‫اﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻛﺔ‬
٢
‫ﻧﻮن‬ ،‫ذﻫﺒﻨﺎ‬ :‫اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻳﺎء‬ ، ُ‫ذﻫﺒﺖ‬ :‫اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﻠﺖ‬ ‫أو‬
(‫اﻟﺜﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻠﺺ‬ ‫ﻇﻬﻮرﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫)ﻣﻨﻊ‬ ْ
‫ذﻫﱭ‬ :‫اﻟﻨﺴﻮة‬
٣
‫اﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
«‫ا‬ ً‫أﺑﺪ‬ ٌ‫ﻣﺠﺰوم‬ :‫»واﻷﻣﺮ‬ :‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫آﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
‫اﳉﺰم‬ ‫وإﻋﺮاﺑﻪ‬ ‫ـﺮب‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وم‬‫ﱡ‬‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺟ‬‫آ‬ ‫ـﻦ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ا‬ ‫ـﺮى‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻳ‬
،‫واﳉﻤﻬﻮر‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﲔ‬ ‫ـﻮل‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻗ‬ ‫أﻣﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﻜﻮﻓﻴﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ـﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬‫و‬
‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺠﺰم‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫ـﺢ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻴ‬‫اﻟﺼﺤ‬ ‫ـﻮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬‫و‬
‫اﳌﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬

14. �
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
١٤
‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﻧﻮاﺻﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
ْ
‫ـــﻲ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ن‬ َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻦ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ن‬َ‫ﺄ‬‫ـــ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ُ‫ﺒ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ
‫ﻲ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ُ‫أ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ِ‫ـــﻮد‬ُ‫ﺤ‬ ُ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ِ
‫م‬َ‫ﻻ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻲ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ ِ
‫م‬َ‫ﻻ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﺎﻟﻔ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ
‫اب‬ َ‫ـــﻮ‬ َ‫اﻟﺠ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ َ
‫اك‬ َ‫ـــﺬ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻔ‬ ْ
‫ﻄ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﻠ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ
‫ـــﺖ‬ ْ
‫ﻗ‬ِ‫ز‬ُ‫ر‬ ْ
‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬ ِ‫او‬ َ‫اﻟـــﻮ‬ َ‫و‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫ﺟﻮازم‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﺰ‬ َ‫اﻟﺠ‬ َ
‫ت‬ ْ‫د‬َ‫ر‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ْ‫ﺰ‬ َ‫ﺟ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﻟ‬َ‫أ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬َ‫ﻟ‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬
َ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬ ِ
‫ـــﺎء‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻟﺪ‬ َ‫و‬ ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ِ
‫م‬َ‫ﻻ‬ َ‫و‬
َ‫ﻼ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ َ
‫ـــﺖ‬ْ‫ِﻠ‬‫ﻧ‬ ِ
‫ـــﺎء‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻟﺪ‬ َ‫و‬ ِ
‫ـــﻲ‬ ْ
‫ﻬ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ْ
‫ﻬ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﻰ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ـــﻦ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ْ
‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ َ
‫ـــﻦ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬َ‫أ‬ َ
‫ـــﺎن‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻳ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ـــﻰ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﱟ‬
‫أي‬
‫ا‬ َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ َ
‫ﻔ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ُ‫ﺜ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ا‬ َ‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬ َ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ِ‫ر‬ ْ‫ﺎد‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ِ‫ﺮ‬ ْ‫ﺜ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ َ‫ﻻ‬ ِ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫اﻟﺸ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬

15. ١٥
�
�
�
‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
‫اﻷداة‬
ْ‫أن‬
ْ‫ﻟﻦ‬
‫إذن‬
‫ﻛﻲ‬
‫ﻛﻲ‬ ‫ﻻم‬
‫اﳉﺤﻮد‬ ‫ﻻم‬
‫ﻰ‬‫ﺣﺘﱠ‬
‫واﻟﻮاو‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺎء‬ ‫اﳉﻮاب‬
(‫اﻟﻌﺎﻃﻔﺔ‬ ‫)ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫أو‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫وﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫وﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاب‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫وﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫وﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫وﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﺤﻮد‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫وﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫وﻏﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫وﻧﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺟﻮاب‬ ‫ﺣﺮﻓﺎ‬
ْ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫أو‬ ْ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻻ‬‫إ‬ ‫ﲟﻌﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
‫ﻣﻌﻲ‬ َ‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗﺴﺎﻓ‬ ْ‫ن‬‫أ‬ ‫أود‬
‫دروﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ َ‫ﻞ‬‫أﻫﻤ‬ ْ‫ﻦ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻟﻚ‬ َ‫ﺪ‬‫اﺳﺘﻌ‬ ْ‫ن‬‫إذ‬ .‫ا‬ً‫ﺪ‬‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺳﺂﺗﻴﻚ‬
َ‫ﻢ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫أﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﻛﻲ‬ ُ‫ﺟﺌﺖ‬
َ‫ﻢ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺗﻌ‬ ِ
‫ﻷ‬ ُ‫ﺟﺌﺖ‬
َ‫ﻞ‬‫ِـﻴﻬﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
َ‫ﻢ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬‫أﺗﻌ‬ ‫ﱠﻰ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺣ‬ ُ‫ﺟﺌﺖ‬
َ‫ﺢ‬‫ﻓـﺘﻨﺠ‬ ‫اﺟﺘﻬﺪ‬
َ‫ﺢ‬‫أﳒ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺳﺄﺟﺘﻬﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻮاﺻﺐ‬
‫اﻷداة‬
ْ‫ﻟﻢ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﳌ‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻻم‬
‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻻم‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﳌ‬‫وأ‬ ‫أﻟﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻻ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫وﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰم‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫ﻟﻠﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫وﻧﻔﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰم‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫وأﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺰم‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫وأﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺟﺰم‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫واﺳﺘﻔﻬﺎم‬ ‫ﺟﺰم‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫وﻧﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰم‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫وﻧﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﺰم‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل‬
ْ‫ﺐ‬‫أذﻫ‬ ْ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬
{‫اب‬َ‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻮا‬ُ‫ﻗ‬‫و‬ُ‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﳌ‬ ْ‫ﻞ‬َ‫ﺑ‬}
{‫ِﻪ‬‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﻌ‬ َ‫ﺳ‬ ‫ﻦ‬ ِ‫ﻣ‬ ٍ
‫ﺔ‬َ‫ﻌ‬ َ‫ﺳ‬ ‫و‬ُ‫ذ‬ ‫ﻖ‬ِ‫ْﻔ‬‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬}
‫ﻟﻲ‬ ْ‫ﺮ‬‫ِﺘﻐﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬ ‫رﺑﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺎ‬
‫؟‬ْ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺗﺬﻫ‬ ‫ﺎ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﳌ‬‫أ‬
ْ‫ﺐ‬‫ﺗﻠﻌ‬ ‫ﻻ‬
{‫ﻧﺎ‬ْ‫ﺬ‬‫ﺗﺆاﺧ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫رﺑﻨﺎ‬}
ْ‫ﺢ‬‫ﺗﻨﺠ‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬‫ﲡﺘﻬ‬ ‫إن‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬
‫ﺟﻮاﺑﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻳﺴﻤ‬ ‫واﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺴﻤﻰ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ،‫ﻓﻌﻠﲔ‬ ‫ﲡﺰم‬ :‫اﳉﺎزﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮط‬ ‫أدوات‬
،‫أﻳﻦ‬ ،‫ﻣﺘﻰ‬ ، ‫ﱞ‬
‫أي‬ ،‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫إذ‬ ،‫ﻣﻬﻤﺎ‬ ، ْ‫ﻦ‬َ‫ﻣ‬ ،‫ﻣﺎ‬ ،ْ‫)إن‬ :‫وﻫﻲ‬ ،‫اﳉﺎزﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺮط‬ ‫وأدوات‬
(‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻌﺮ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫إذا‬ ،‫ﺗﻨﻮﻳﻦ‬ ‫دون‬ ‫إذ‬ ،‫ﻛﻴﻔﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﱠﻰ‬‫ﻧ‬‫أ‬ ،‫ﺎن‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻳ‬‫أ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﺟﻮازم‬

16. �
�
�
‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
١٦
‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
‫ا‬ َ‫ِﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬ُ‫أ‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ﻮ‬ ْ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ﻊ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ْ‫ار‬ َ‫ﻞ‬ ِ‫ﺎﻋ‬ َ
‫اﻟﻔ‬
‫ا‬ َ‫ـــﺪ‬ ِ‫ﺟ‬ ُ‫و‬ ْ‫ـــﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ٌ‫ﻓﻌـــﻞ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻪ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ِ‫إ‬
‫ا‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ْ
‫ﻀ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ِ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ِ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ِ
‫ﺎﻫ‬ َ
‫ﻇ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ا‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ُ
‫ﻔ‬ ْ
‫ﻋ‬َ‫أ‬ ُ
‫ﺖ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬َ‫ﺮ‬ َ‫ـــﺘ‬ ْ
‫اﺷ‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ـــﺪ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬َ‫ز‬ َ‫ـــﺎد‬ َ
‫ﻄ‬ ْ
‫ﺎﺻ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
َ‫ﻼ‬ ِ‫ﺎﻋ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ِ
‫م‬َ‫ﻼ‬ َ
‫اﻟـــﻜ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ َ
‫ـــﺖ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬ َ‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬
َ‫ﻼ‬‫ـــ‬ ِ
‫ﺎﻫ‬ َ‫ﺟ‬ ْ
‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ ً‫ﻤ‬ ِ
‫ﻬ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ْ
‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ‫ﺨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
ْ
‫ﻪ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻮل‬ ُ‫ﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ َ‫ِﻠﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬ َ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴـــ‬ِ‫ﺧ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ِ
‫ـــﺐ‬ِ‫ﺟ‬ ْ
‫و‬َ‫ﺄ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
ْ
‫ـــﻪ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺎﻧ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ َ
‫ـــﺎب‬َ‫ﻧ‬ ُ
‫ـــﺚ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ َ
‫ـــﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ﻦ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ُ‫ﻤ‬ ْ
‫اﺿ‬ ِ
‫ﻞ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ ِ
‫اﻟﻔ‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫و‬َ‫ﺄ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ِ‫ﺘ‬ُ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻀ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ِ‫آﺧ‬ َ‫ـــﻞ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ ُ
‫ﻗ‬
ِ‫ع‬ِ‫ر‬‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻀ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ِ‫آﺧ‬ َ‫ـــﻞ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ ُ
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬
ِ‫ع‬ِ‫ز‬‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ﻼ‬‫ـــ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ُ‫ﺤ‬ ْ‫ﺘ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ُ
‫ـــﺐ‬ ِ‫ﺠ‬َ‫ﻳ‬
ْ
‫ـــﺖ‬َ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ ً
‫ﻀ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ْ
‫ﻀ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ِ
‫ﺎﻫ‬ َ
‫ﻇ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ
‫ـــﺖ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫ﺿ‬ ٌ‫ـــﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ ِ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ـــﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ ِ
‫ﻫ‬ ْ
‫ـــﺖ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﻛ‬ُ‫ﺄ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬

17. ١٧
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
‫ﻤﻠﺔ‬ُ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
(‫)اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﻤ‬ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬
‫واﳋﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺘﺪأ‬ :‫اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫واﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ :‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
(‫ﻤﻠﺔ‬ ُ‫اﳉ‬ ‫)ﺑﺎﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﻼت‬ ْ
‫ﻀ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻔ‬
‫دروﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ٌ‫ﺢ‬‫ﻧﺎﺟ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬
‫ﺑﺘﻔﻮق‬ ‫دروﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬ َ‫ﺢ‬‫ﳒ‬
ْ‫ﻞ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ُ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬
‫اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫أﺣﺒﻚ‬ ‫أﻧﺎ‬
‫ا‬ً‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺣﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻤﻞ‬ُ‫اﻟﺠ‬ ‫ﺻﻮر‬
:‫ﺻﻮرﺗﺎن‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫وﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫إﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‬ ‫وﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫أو‬
:‫ﺻﻮر‬ ‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺠﻤﻠﺔ‬
ٌ‫ﱘ‬‫ﻛﺮ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣﺤﻤ‬ :(‫)أﺻﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﳝ‬‫ﻛﺮ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ :‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬
ٌ‫ﱘ‬‫ﻛﺮ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣﺤﻤ‬ ‫إن‬ :‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﺈن‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻛﺮﳝـ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣﺤﻤ‬ ُ‫ﻇﻨﻨﺖ‬ :‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻈﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮﺧﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬

18. ١٨
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
‫اﳌﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬
١
‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬
‫اﳌﻨﺼﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬
٢
‫اﳌﺨﻔﻮﺿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬
٣
‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫واﳋﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺘﺪأ‬
‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮ‬
‫اﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬
‫واﻻﺳﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬
:‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
‫أرﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ‬‫و‬ ،‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ﺧﺒﺮ‬‫و‬ ،‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬‫و‬ ،‫وﺧﺒﺮه‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺘﺪأ‬‫و‬ ،‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﺴﻢ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﳌﻔﻌﻮل‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ :‫وﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﺳﺒﻌﺔ‬ ‫»اﳌﺮﻓﻮﻋﺎت‬
«‫واﻟﺒﺪل‬ ،‫واﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ‬ ،‫واﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﻌﺖ‬ :‫أﺷﻴﺎء‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬

19. ١٩
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ :‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮع‬
«‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﺬﻛﻮر‬ ‫اﳌﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ :‫»اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬:‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
‫اﻷﺳﻤﺎء‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ .‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫وﺣﻜﻤﻪ‬ ،‫ﻗﺒﻠﻪ‬ ً‫ﻼ‬‫ﻓﻌ‬ ‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫أﺳﻨﺪت‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
،‫وﺿﺮﺑﺎ‬ ، ْ‫وﺿﺮﺑﺖ‬ ،‫وﺿﺮب‬ ،‫وﺿﺮﺑﺘـﻦ‬ ،‫وﺿﺮﺑﺘﻢ‬ ،‫وﺿﺮﺑﺘﻤﺎ‬ ، ِ
‫وﺿﺮﺑﺖ‬ ، َ‫وﺿﺮﺑﺖ‬ ،‫وﺿﺮﺑﻨﺎ‬ ، ُ‫ﺿﺮﺑﺖ‬ :‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻀ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ (‫ب‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ (‫أ‬ :‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬
َ‫ﻦ‬‫وﺿﺮﺑ‬ ،‫وﺿﺮﺑﻮا‬
‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬
(‫ﺗﻮاﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫)ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫اﳌﺨﺎﻃﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺎء‬ ،‫اﻟﻨﺴﻮة‬ ‫ﻧﻮن‬ ،‫اﻻﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫أﻟﻒ‬ ،‫اﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫واو‬ ،‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﺎء‬
‫اﳌﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻢ‬ ،‫ﻫﻦ‬ ،‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﻫﻮ‬ ،‫أﻧﱳ‬ ،‫أﻧﺘﻢ‬ ،‫أﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ ، ِ
‫أﻧﺖ‬ ، َ‫أﻧﺖ‬ ،‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬ ،‫أﻧﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫إﻋﺮاب‬
‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓ‬ ُ‫ﻛﻨـﺖ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ‬ :‫اﳌﺘﻜﻠﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺎء‬
‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬
‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﺎن‬ ‫اﺗﺼﻠﺖ‬ ‫إذا‬
‫ﺬوا‬ ِ
‫ﺧ‬ُ‫أ‬
‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ‬ :‫اﳉﻤﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫واو‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﻠﺖ‬ ‫إذا‬
:‫اﻟﻨﺴﻮة‬ ‫وﻧﻮن‬ ‫اﻻﺛﻨﲔ‬ ‫أﻟﻒ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫رﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺳﻮى‬ ‫)ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻤﻌﻠﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫اﺗﺼﻠﺖ‬ ‫إذا‬
(‫ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻬﻮل‬ ‫اﳌﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬
- ‫ذﻫﺒﺎ‬
‫ذﻫﺒـﻦ‬

20. ٢٠
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬ :‫اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮع‬
(‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫اﳌﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫أي‬) ‫ﺣﻜﻤﻪ‬ ‫وﻳﺄﺧﺬ‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻓﻪ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ُ‫ﻳﺤ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ .«‫ﻓﺎﻋﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻪ‬ ‫ﺬﻛﺮ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﺬي‬ ‫اﳌﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ :‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫»ﻧﺎﺋﺐ‬:‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
ُ‫ب‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻀ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ - ُ‫ب‬ِ‫ﻳﻀﺮ‬ ، َ‫ب‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫ﺿ‬ - َ‫ب‬َ‫ﺮ‬ َ
‫ﺿ‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،«‫آﺧﺮه‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ َ‫ﺢ‬ ِ‫ﺘ‬ُ‫وﻓ‬ ‫أوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻢ‬ ُ
‫ﺿ‬ :‫ﺎ‬ ً‫ﻣﻀﺎرﻋ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫وإن‬ ،‫آﺧﺮه‬ ‫ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ َ‫ﺮ‬ ِ
‫ﺴ‬ُ‫وﻛ‬ ‫أوﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻢ‬ ُ
‫ﺿ‬ :‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻣﺎﺿﻴ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫»ﻓﺈن‬ :‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫آﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
،‫ﺑﺎ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫وﺿ‬ ،‫ﺑﺖ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫وﺿ‬ ،‫ب‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫وﺿ‬ ،‫ﺑﺘـﻦ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫وﺿ‬ ،‫ُﻢ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫وﺿ‬ ،‫ُﻤﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺑ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫وﺿ‬ ، ْ‫ﺑﺖ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫وﺿ‬ ، ُ‫ﺑﺖ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫وﺿ‬ ،‫ﺑﻨﺎ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫وﺿ‬ ، ُ‫ﺿﺮﺑﺖ‬ :‫ﻋﺸﺮ‬ ‫اﺛﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬ ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻀ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ (‫ب‬ ُ‫اﻟﺒﺎب‬ َ‫ﺢ‬ِ‫ﺘ‬ُ‫ﻓ‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ (‫أ‬ :‫ﻗﺴﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫وﻫﻮ‬
‫ﺑﻦ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫وﺿ‬ ،‫ﺑﻮا‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ُ
‫وﺿ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﺿﻮاﺑﻂ‬
‫ﻇﻬﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،‫ﺑﻌﺪه‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫وإﻻ‬
:‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬
:‫ﺮ‬ َ‫ﻀﻤ‬ ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺐ‬ ‫ﲟﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﻢ‬
‫أﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮه‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ‬ :‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻛ‬‫اﳌﺬ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟﻔ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ا‬ً‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ـﻮن‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ـﺮد‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻔ‬‫اﳌ‬
‫أﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮه‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ‬
‫ـﺚ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻧ‬‫اﳌﺆ‬ ‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻣ‬‫اﻷ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟﻔ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫إﻻ‬ ‫ـﻮن‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ـﻊ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫واﳉ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻨ‬‫واﳌﺜ‬
‫ﺑﻬﻢ‬ ‫اﳌﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﻴﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺎﺋﺪة‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺮج‬
‫اذﻫﺒـﻦ‬ - ‫اذﻫﺒﺎ‬ - ‫اذﻫﺒﻲ‬
‫اﳌﺒﺪوء‬ ‫ـﺎرع‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻀ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟﻠﻔ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ا‬ً‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ـﻮن‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ـﺰة‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟﻬ‬
‫أﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮه‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ‬
‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﺒﻜ‬ ُ‫أذﻫﺐ‬
‫ـﺪوء‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺒ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫ـﺎرع‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻀ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟﻠﻔ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ا‬ً‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺿﻤ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ـﻮن‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ـﻮن‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺑﺎﻟ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮه‬ ً‫ا‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ‬
‫اﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﻧﺤﺐ‬
‫اﳌﺒﺪوء‬ ‫ـﺎرع‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻀ‬‫اﳌ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻌ‬‫ﻟﻠﻔ‬ ‫ـﻞ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻋ‬‫اﻟﻔﺎ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫اﳌﺎﺿﻲ‬ ‫واﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫واﻟﺘﺎء‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻴﺎء‬
‫أو‬ ‫ًا‬‫ز‬‫ﺑﺎر‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ـﺮ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻫ‬‫ﻇﺎ‬ ‫ـﻮن‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻳ‬
ً‫ا‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺿﻤﻴﺮ‬
:‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣﺤﻤ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ‬
:‫ﺑﺎرز‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻳﺬﻫﺒﻮن‬ ‫اﶈﻤﺪون‬
:‫ﻣﺴﺘﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺗﺬﻫﺐ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪ‬

21. �
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
٢١
‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫واﻟﺨﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
ْ
‫ِﻢ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﺳ‬ ٍ
‫ﻞ‬ ِ‫اﻣ‬ َ‫ﻮ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ْ
‫ﻦ‬ ِ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ْ
‫اﺳ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ﺪ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬
ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ِ
‫ﺳ‬ ُ‫و‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ٍ‫ـــﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﺮ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫ـــﻮ‬ ْ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ
‫ـــﺔ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻴ‬ ِ
‫ﻈ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻟ‬
‫ا‬َ‫ﺮ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ْ
‫ﻀ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ِ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ِ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ِ
‫ﺎﻫ‬ َ
‫ﻇ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ى‬َ‫ﺮ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ﻮ‬ ْ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫ﺢ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ ْ
‫ﻘ‬ َ‫ـــﺘ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ُ‫ل‬ ْ
‫ﻮ‬ َ
‫ﺎﻟﻘ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬
‫ا‬ َ‫ِﺪ‬‫ﻨ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬ُ‫أ‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫ﺬ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ُ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬ ِ
‫اﻹ‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ َ‫اﻟﺨ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ا‬ َ‫ـــﺪ‬َ‫ﺑ‬َ‫أ‬ ْ
‫م‬َ‫ﺰ‬‫اﻟـــ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ َ‫ﺎﻋ‬ َ
‫ﻔ‬ِ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ر‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬ ِ
‫ـــﻪ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ِ‫إ‬
ِ‫د‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬ َ
‫ﻏ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ِ‫ﺗ‬ْ‫ﺄ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫د‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ي‬ ِ‫ـــﺪ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ
‫ﻬ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻌ‬ َ
‫ﺳ‬ ُ‫ـــﻮ‬ ْ‫ﺤ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ ٌ‫ل‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫و‬َ‫ﺄ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
ُ‫ر‬‫و‬ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ‫ﺠ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ‫ـــﺔ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ـــﻞ‬ ُ
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ِـــﻲ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺜ‬ َ‫و‬
ُ‫ر‬‫ـــﻮ‬ُ‫ﺠ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻦ‬ َ‫ِﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬ ُ‫ـــﺔ‬َ‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬ ُ
‫ﻘ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ُ‫ـــﻮ‬ ْ‫ﺤ‬َ‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬ ْ
‫ﻫ‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ ِ‫ﻋ‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬ َ‫اﻟﺨ‬ ُ‫ﻮ‬ ْ‫ﺤ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ ُ
‫ف‬ْ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻈ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬ ْ
‫ﻮ‬ َ
‫ﻘ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ ِ
‫ِـــﻪ‬‫ﻠ‬ ِ‫ﺎﻋ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻊ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ـــﻞ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ ِ
‫اﻟﻔ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ َ‫اﻟﺨ‬ َ
‫ـــﻊ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ـــﺪ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﻰ‬َ‫ﺗ‬َ‫أ‬ ٌ‫ﻳـــﺪ‬َ‫ز‬
ْ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﻄ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ ‫و‬ ُ‫ذ‬ ُ‫ـــﻮه‬ُ‫ﺑ‬َ‫أ‬ ٌ‫ﻳـــﺪ‬َ‫ز‬ ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ِ
‫ِﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬ ْ
‫ﻮ‬ َ
‫ﻘ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬

22. ٢٢
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
‫واﻟﺨﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ‬ :‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮع‬
‫اﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ُﺴ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﳉﺰم‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﳉﺮ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺔ‬
(‫ﻣﺠﺰوﻣﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﺠﺮورة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫)ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋﺔ‬ :‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻰ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ُﺴﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻠﻐﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎم‬
‫اﳌﺴﺠﺪ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ذﻫﺐ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮل‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮل‬
‫أﻗﺴﺎﻣﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻜﻞ‬ ‫اﻷﻓﻌﺎل‬ ١
...‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫إن‬ ،‫اﳌﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫وﺟﻮازم‬ ‫ﻧﻮاﺻﺐ‬ ،‫اﳉﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ :‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﳊﺮوف‬
(‫ﻋﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻲ‬ ...‫اﻟﺘﺄﻧﻴﺚ‬ ‫وﺗﺎء‬ ‫واﻟﺴﲔ‬ ‫وﺳﻮف‬ ‫وﻗﺪ‬ ‫وﻫﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻬﻤﺰة‬ ‫)أﻣﺎ‬
٢
‫واﻟﺨﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ‬ ‫أﻗﺴﺎم‬
:‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬ ١
،‫ﻫﻮ‬ ،‫أﻧﱳ‬ ،‫أﻧﺘﻢ‬ ،‫أﻧﺘﻤﺎ‬ ، ِ
‫أﻧﺖ‬ ، َ‫أﻧﺖ‬ ،‫ﻧﺤﻦ‬ ،‫)أﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﳌﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻀﻤﺎﺋﺮ‬ ‫وﻫﻲ‬ :‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻀ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬
(‫ﱠ‬‫ﻫﻦ‬ ،‫ﻫﻢ‬ ،‫ﻫﻤﺎ‬ ،‫ﻫﻲ‬
٢
‫ﻧﻈﻴﻒ‬ ‫ﺛﻮﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬
:‫ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ١
ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬ :‫ـﺮف‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻈ‬‫اﻟ‬ ،‫اﻟﺪار‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬ :‫ـﺮور‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺠ‬‫واﳌ‬ ‫ـﺎر‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﳉ‬‫ا‬ :‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺷـــﺒﻪ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫أي‬ ،‫ﻣﻔﺮد‬ ‫ﻏﻴـــﺮ‬
‫ذاﻫﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺟﺎرﻳﺘﻪ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬ :‫ﺧﺒﺮه‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺘﺪأ‬ ،‫أﺑﻮه‬ ‫ﻗﺎم‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬ :‫ﻓﻌﻠﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬ ،‫ﻋﻨﺪك‬
٢
ٌ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻗﺎﺋ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺪأ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺒﺮ‬
«‫إﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺴﻨﺪ‬ُ‫ﳌ‬‫ا‬ ‫اﳌﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ ‫»اﳋﺒﺮ‬ ‫و‬ ،«‫اﻟﻠﻔﻈﻴﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎري‬ ‫اﳌﺮﻓﻮع‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ‬ :‫»اﳌﺒﺘﺪأ‬:‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
‫آﺧﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أوﺳﻄﻬﺎ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫أول‬ ‫وﰲ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﻤ‬‫ﻀ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ﻇﺎﻫ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ً‫ء‬‫ﺳﻮا‬ ،‫اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫وﺣﻜﻤﻪ‬ ،‫ﻣﺒﺘﺪأ‬ ‫ﻓﻬﻮ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺴﺒﻖ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ‫اﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬
‫رأﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻳﺪه‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﺟﺎء‬ :‫اﳉﻤﻠﺔ‬ ‫آﺧﺮ‬ .ٌ‫ﻢ‬‫ﻗﺎﺋ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬ :‫ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺘﺪأ‬
‫ﺧﺒﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺒﺘﺪأ‬
‫ﺧﺒﺮ‬

23. �
�
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‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
٢٣
‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
ْ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ َ‫اﻟﺨ‬ َ
‫ـــﻚ‬ُ‫ﺒ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ َ‫و‬ َ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬ ِ
‫اﻻ‬ َ
‫ـــﻚ‬ ُ‫ﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ر‬ َ‫و‬
ْ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ٌ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ْ
‫ﻜ‬ُ‫ﺣ‬ ِ
‫ـــﺎل‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ه‬ ِ‫ـــﺬ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﺤ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ ْ
‫ﺻ‬َ‫أ‬ َ
‫ـــﺎت‬َ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻞ‬ َ
‫ﻇ‬ ‫ـــﻰ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ‫ﻣ‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ َ
‫ﺎن‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻊ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ
‫ﺲ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ َ‫ر‬‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﺻ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ﻰ‬َ‫ﺤ‬ ْ
‫ﺿ‬َ‫أ‬
‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ
‫ـــﺊ‬ ِ‫ﺘ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻚ‬ َ
‫ﻔ‬ْ‫اﻧ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ال‬َ‫ز‬‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ُ
‫ﻜ‬ ْ‫اﺣ‬ َ
‫ف‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ ِ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬ َ
‫ام‬َ‫د‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ِﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ َ
‫ﺎن‬ َ
‫ﻜ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬َ‫ﻟ‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ِﻤ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﺻ‬ ْ
‫ـــﺢ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ ْ
‫ﺻ‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ًّ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻦ‬ ُ‫ﻛ‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ﻳـــﺪ‬َ‫ز‬
‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫إن‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
ْ
‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ن‬ ِ
‫ﻹ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ ُ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫ﻜ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ َ
‫ﺎن‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ ُ‫ـــﻞ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬
ْ
‫ن‬َ‫ﺄ‬ َ‫ﻛ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ـــﻞ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ َ‫و‬ َ
‫ـــﺖ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻦ‬ ِ
‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﻟ‬
ُ
‫ِـــﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً
‫ِـــﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ـــﻮل‬ ُ
‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﺗ‬
ُ
‫م‬ِ‫ـــﺎد‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ َ
‫ﻴـــﺐ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬َ‫اﻟﺤ‬ َ
‫ـــﺖ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬ ْ‫ﺜ‬ ِ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ
‫ن‬َ‫ﺄ‬ َ
‫ـــﻜ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫ﱢﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ن‬ِ‫ﺈ‬‫ـــ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ‫ـــﺪ‬ ‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻛ‬َ‫أ‬
ْ
‫ﻦ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ِ
‫اك‬َ‫ر‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬ ِ‫ـــﺘ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬ ِ
‫ِﻼ‬‫ﻟ‬ ِ‫ح‬‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻦ‬ ِ
‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﻟ‬
ْ‫ﻞ‬ َ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ْ
‫ﻢ‬ ُ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ ِ‫ﻋ‬ َ
‫ـــﺖ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬‫ﱢ‬‫ﻨ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ِﻠﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ‫ـــﻞ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ِ‫ـــﻊ‬ ‫ﱡ‬
‫ﻗ‬ َ‫ﻮ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﱢ‬َ‫ﺮ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ِﻠﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬ َ‫و‬
‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻇﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
‫ا‬ َ‫ﺪ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻮب‬ُ‫ﻠ‬ ُ
‫اﻟﻘ‬ ِ
‫ـــﺎل‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ﺄ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ
‫ـــﺐ‬ ِ
‫ﺼ‬ْ‫ِﻧ‬‫ا‬
‫ا‬ َ‫ـــﺪ‬َ‫ﺟ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ
‫ـــﺖ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ َ
‫ﻇ‬ َ
‫ـــﻲ‬ ْ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬َ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬َ‫ز‬ ُ
‫ـــﺖ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺟ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ
‫ﺖ‬ْ‫ـــﺒ‬ ِ
‫ﺴ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ى‬َ‫أ‬َ‫ر‬
‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ِﻤ‬‫ﻠ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ُ
‫ت‬ ْ‫ـــﺬ‬ َ‫ﺨ‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﺗ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ
‫ـــﺖ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬ِ‫ﺧ‬ َ
‫اك‬ َ‫ـــﺬ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ِ‫ﺎد‬ َ
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫ﻳـــﺪ‬َ‫ز‬ ُ
‫ـــﺖ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ َ
‫ﻇ‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ُ‫ـــﻮل‬ ُ
‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ِ‫ﺎذ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ُ
‫ﺖ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬ِ‫ﺧ‬ َ‫و‬ ِ
‫ِـــﻪ‬‫ﻟ‬ ْ
‫ﻮ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬

24. ٢٤
�
�
�
‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻴﻮﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‬ ‫ﻋﺒﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن‬ .‫د‬
‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺴﻢ‬ - ‫اﻟﻨﺤﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻵﺟﺮوﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺮح‬
‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ :‫اﻟﺮاﺑﻊ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮع‬
{ً‫ة‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬ َ
‫ﻀ‬ْ‫ﺨ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ُ
‫ض‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫اﻷ‬ ُ‫ﺢ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ ْ
‫ُﺼ‬‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﻓ‬} - ‫ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻃﻌﲔ‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﳋﻄ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺲ‬ - ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﳝ‬‫ﻛﺮ‬ ٌ‫ﺪ‬‫ﻣﺤﻤ‬ ‫ﻳﻜﻮن‬
‫اﻷﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ ‫إﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ُﻌﺮب‬‫ﺗ‬ :(‫و)ﻛﻦ‬ ‫اﳌﻀﺎرع‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻌﻞ‬ ‫إﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ُﻌﺮب‬‫ﺗ‬ (‫)ﻳﻜﻮن‬ :‫ﻧﺤﻮ‬ ،‫ف‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺗﺼﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫إﻋﺮاب‬ ،‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬/‫ﻧﺎﺳﺦ‬ ٍ
‫ﻣﺎض‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ :‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫إﻋﺮاب‬
‫ﺑﺮح‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺘﺊ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﻔﻚ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫زال‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺲ‬ ‫وﺻﺎر‬ ‫وﺑﺎت‬ ‫وﻇﻞ‬ ‫وأﺿﺤﻰ‬ ‫وأﺻﺒﺢ‬ ‫وأﻣﺴﻰ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ :‫وﻫﻲ‬ ،‫اﳋﺒﺮ‬ ‫وﺗﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ‬ ،‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫»ﻓﺄﻣﺎ‬:‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
«‫ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫ف‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺗﺼﺮ‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬ ،‫دام‬ ‫وﻣﺎ‬
‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫إن‬ :‫اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮع‬
ٌ‫ع‬‫ﺷﺠﺎ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺪ‬‫زﻳ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫إن‬
‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺘﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬ :‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫إنﱠ‬ ‫إﻋﺮاب‬
«‫ﻊ‬‫ﱡ‬‫واﻟﺘﻮﻗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ َ‫ﱢ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﺮﺟ‬ ّ‫وﻟﻌﻞ‬ ،‫ﱢﻲ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟﻠﺘﻤ‬ ‫وﻟﻴﺖ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺘﺸﺒﻴﻪ‬ ‫وﻛﺄنﱠ‬ ،‫ﻟﻼﺳﺘﺪراك‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫وﻟﻜﻦ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫وأنﱠ‬ ‫إنﱠ‬ :‫وﻫﻲ‬ ،‫اﳋﺒﺮ‬ ‫وﺗﺮﻓﻊ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ‬ ،‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫إنﱠ‬ ‫»وأﻣﺎ‬:‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟﺮ‬ ‫اﺑﻦ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻮل‬
‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ُ
‫ﻇﻨﻨﺖ‬ :‫اﻟﺴﺎدس‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮﻓﻮع‬
‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻌ‬‫واﺳ‬ َ‫ﺪ‬‫اﳌﺴﺠ‬ ُ‫ﺣﺴﺒﺖ‬
‫اﻹﻋﺮاب‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻜﻮن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬ /‫ﻧﺎﺳﺦ‬ ٍ
‫ﻣﺎض‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ‬ :‫وأﺧﻮاﺗﻬﺎ‬ ُ
‫ﻇﻨﻨﺖ‬ ‫إﻋﺮاب‬
ُ
‫واﺗﺨﺬت‬ ُ
‫ووﺟﺪت‬ ُ
‫ـﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻤ‬‫وﻋﻠ‬ ُ
‫ورأﻳﺖ‬ ُ
‫وزﻋﻤﺖ‬ ُ
‫ﻠﺖ‬ ِ
‫وﺧ‬ ُ
‫ـﺒﺖ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﺴ‬‫وﺣ‬ ُ
‫ﻇﻨﻨﺖ‬ :‫وﻫﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻻن‬ ‫أﻧﻬﻤﺎ‬ ‫ـﻰ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ‫واﳋﺒﺮ‬ ‫اﳌﺒﺘﺪأ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺈﻧﻬﺎ‬ ،‫ـﺎ‬‫ـ‬‫ـ‬‫ﻬ‬‫وأﺧﻮاﺗ‬ ُ
‫ﻇﻨﻨﺖ‬ ‫»وأﻣﺎ‬:‫وم‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫أﺟﺮ‬‫اﺑـــﻦ‬‫ﻳﻘـــﻮل‬
« ُ
‫وﺳﻤﻌﺖ‬ ُ
‫وﺟﻌﻠﺖ‬

25. ٢٥
�
�
�
‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬
‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻌﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
ِ
‫ـــﺎب‬َ‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ُ‫و‬ َ‫ذ‬ َ‫ـــﺎل‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ْ‫ـــﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ُ
‫ـــﺖ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ‬
ِ
‫اب‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ْ
‫ﻋ‬ ِ
‫اﻹ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻮت‬ ُ‫ﻌ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ َ‫ِﻠﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬ ُ
‫ـــﻊ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ ْ‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﻳ‬
ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬ ِ
‫ﻜ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ِ‫و‬ ِ
‫ﻳـــﻒ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ َ
‫اك‬ َ‫ـــﺬ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬
ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴـــ‬ ِ‫ﻣ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ُ
‫ـــﺐ‬ ِ
‫ﺎﺣ‬ َ
‫ﺻ‬ ٌ‫ﻳـــﺪ‬َ‫ز‬ َ
‫ـــﺎء‬ َ‫ﺠ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬
‫واﻟﻨﻜﺮة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
ْ
‫ﻪ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ َ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ـــﺪ‬ ْ
‫ﺷ‬‫ﱡ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ
‫ﺖ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬ ِ‫ﺪ‬ ُ
‫ﻫ‬ ْ
‫ﻢ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ ْ
‫اﻋ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ
‫ﻪ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ َ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ِ
‫ﻞ‬ ْ
‫ﻫ‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ ِ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ‫ﻴ‬ ْ
‫ﺷ‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ـــﺔ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺧ‬
ُ
‫ﻢ‬َ‫ﻠ‬ َ
‫اﻟﻌ‬ ُ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬ ِ
‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬ ِ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫اﻟﻀ‬ َ
‫ـــﻲ‬ ْ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫و‬
ُ
‫ﻢ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ُ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ْ
‫ﺳ‬ ِ
‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬ ِ
‫اة‬َ‫د‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫و‬ُ‫ـــﺬ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
ْ
‫ـــﻪ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ر‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ‫ي‬ ِ‫ـــﺬ‬ َ
‫ﻫ‬ ِ‫ـــﺪ‬َ‫ﺣ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ـــﻰ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ِ‫إ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ
‫ﻪ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ ْ‫اﺗ‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ـــﺎل‬ َ‫ﺜ‬ ِ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ِ
‫ﻢ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬ ْ
‫ﺎﻓ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ َ
‫ﻴـــﻒ‬ ِ
‫ﺿ‬ُ‫أ‬
ُ
‫م‬َ‫ﻼ‬‫ـــ‬ ُ
‫اﻟﻐ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫ـــﺪ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ ِ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻧ‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ـــﻮ‬ ْ‫ﺤ‬َ‫ﻧ‬
ُ
‫ـــﺎم‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ُ
‫اﻟﻬ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻤﱢ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ُ
‫ـــﻦ‬ْ‫ﺑ‬‫ا‬ َ‫و‬ َ
‫اك‬ َ‫ذ‬ َ‫و‬
ِ
‫ﻪ‬ ِ
‫ﺴ‬ْ‫ﻨ‬ِ‫ﺟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً
‫ِﻌ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬ َ
‫ﺷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً‫ﻤ‬ ْ
‫اﺳ‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ْ
‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬
ِ
‫ـــﻪ‬ ِ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫ـــﺪ‬ ِ
‫اﺣ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ـــﻦ‬ ‫ﻴﱢ‬ َ
‫ﻌ‬ُ‫ﻳ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ َ‫و‬
ِ‫د‬ِ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ْ
‫ﻬ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﻨ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ َ‫ـــﻮ‬ ْ
‫ﻬ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
‫ي‬ ِ‫ﺪ‬ َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ِ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ْ
‫ﻬ‬ َ
‫ِﻔ‬‫ﻟ‬ ِ‫ه‬ ‫ـــﺪﱢ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ َ
‫ﻳـــﺐ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﺗ‬
ِ
‫م‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻼ‬‫اﻟـــ‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ
‫ِـــﻒ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫ﻷ‬ِ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﻞ‬ ُ
‫ـــﻜ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬
ِ
‫م‬َ‫ﻼ‬‫ـــ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻐ‬ َ‫و‬ ِ
‫س‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﺎﻟﻔ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ ُ‫ـــﺢ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻳ‬

26. ٢٦
�
�
�
‫ح‬
‫ة‬
‫ي‬
‫م‬
‫و‬‫ر‬‫ج‬ٓ��‫ا‬
‫ن‬
‫ت‬
‫م‬ ‫وﻣﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫اﻵﺟﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻄﻒ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
ُ
‫ـــﻊ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ ً
‫ﻀ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬َ‫أ‬ َ
‫ـــﻒ‬ ْ
‫ﻄ‬ َ
‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ـــﺬ‬ َ
‫ﻫ‬
ُ
‫ﻊ‬ ِ‫ـــﺎﻣ‬ َ
‫ﺳ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ٌ‫ة‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﺸ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ ُ
‫وﻓ‬ُ‫ﺮ‬ُ‫ﺣ‬
ْ‫ـــﻞ‬َ‫ﺑ‬ َ‫و‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻣ‬ِ‫إ‬ ْ
‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ـــﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ
‫اﻟﻔ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ‫او‬ َ‫اﻟـــﻮ‬
ْ‫ﻞ‬َ‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ْ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻬ‬ ْ‫ﺎﺟ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ْ
‫م‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ َ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ـــﻰ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ﻦ‬ ِ
‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﻟ‬
ْ‫ـــﺪ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ـــﺪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺤ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ﻳـــﺪ‬َ‫ز‬ َ
‫ـــﺎء‬ َ‫ﺠ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬
ْ‫ﺪ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬َ‫ﺛ‬ ْ
‫ﻦ‬ ِ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫ﺪ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬ ِ
‫ﻌ‬ َ
‫ﺳ‬ ْ
‫و‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﻤ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ُ
‫ﺖ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬ َ
‫ﻘ‬ َ
‫ﺳ‬
ْ‫د‬ َ‫ـــﺪ‬ َ
‫ﺳ‬ ٍ‫ـــﺮ‬ ِ‫ﺎﻣ‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ
‫ِـــﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ ُ‫ل‬ ْ
‫ـــﻮ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ َ‫و‬
ْ‫ﺪ‬ َ
‫ﺷ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ
‫ﻖ‬ْ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ْ
‫ﻢ‬ ِ
‫ﻘ‬ َ‫ـــﺘ‬ ْ
‫ﺴ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ َ‫و‬ ْ
‫ﺐ‬ُ‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ْ
‫ﻦ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬
‫اﻟﺘﻮﻛﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎب‬
‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ ُ‫ﻴـــﺪ‬ ِ
‫ﻮﻛ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ َ‫ـــﺪ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻛ‬ َ
‫ﺆ‬ ُ‫اﻟﻤ‬ ُ
‫ـــﻊ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ ْ‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ َ‫و‬
ِ
‫ف‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﺎﻋ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ٍ
‫ـــﺾ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﺧ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ﻢ‬ُ‫ﺛ‬ ٍ
‫ﺐ‬ ْ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ َ‫و‬ ٍ‫ـــﻊ‬ ْ
‫ﻓ‬َ‫ر‬
‫ا‬َ‫ﺮ‬َ‫ﺛ‬َ‫ﻷ‬‫ا‬ ُ
‫ﻒ‬ ْ
‫ﺎﻗ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬ ِ
‫ﻳﻒ‬ِ‫ﺮ‬ ْ
‫ﻌ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟﺘ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ِ
‫ﻓ‬ َ
‫اك‬ َ‫ﺬ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬
‫ى‬َ‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ َ
‫ﻛ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ ُ
‫ﺎﻇ‬ َ
‫ﻟﻔ‬َ‫أ‬ ِ‫ه‬ ِ‫ـــﺬ‬ َ
‫ﻫ‬ َ‫و‬
ُ
‫ـــﻊ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ْ‫ﺟ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﻞ‬ ُ‫ﻛ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ
‫ـــﻦ‬ ْ‫ﻴ‬ َ
‫اﻟﻌ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ
‫ـــﺲ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬‫اﻟ‬
ُ
‫ـــﻊ‬َ‫ﺒ‬ ْ‫ﺘ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ِ
‫ﻬ‬ْ‫ﻳ‬ َ‫ﺪ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ َ
‫ـــﻊ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ْ‫ﺟ‬َ ِ
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬
ُ‫ـــﻮل‬ ُ
‫ﺼ‬َ‫ﻳ‬ ُ‫ـــﻪ‬ ُ
‫ﺴ‬ ْ
‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻧ‬ ٌ‫ﻳـــﺪ‬َ‫ز‬ َ
‫ـــﺎء‬ َ‫ﺠ‬ َ‫ﻛ‬
ُ‫ول‬ُ‫ـــﺪ‬ ُ‫ﻋ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻢ‬ ُ
‫ﻬ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻠ‬ ُ‫ﻛ‬ ‫ـــﻲ‬ ِ‫ﻣ‬ ْ
‫ﻮ‬ َ
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﱠ‬
‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ ِ
‫ﻌ‬ َ‫ﻤ‬ ْ‫ﺟ‬َ‫أ‬ ِ
‫م‬ ْ
‫ـــﻮ‬ َ
‫ﺎﻟﻘ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ‫ا‬ َ‫ذ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ـــ‬ َ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫و‬
‫ـــﺎ‬َ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬ِ‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ـــ‬ َ
‫ﺴ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ً‫ﻻ‬‫ـــﺎ‬ َ‫ﺜ‬ ِ‫ﻣ‬ ْ
‫ـــﻆ‬ َ
‫ﻔ‬ ْ‫ﺎﺣ‬ َ
‫ﻓ‬