Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch

comprehension english speakers sla mediation teaching vygotsky heteroscedasticity scatterplot linear regression correlation coefficients potential pitfalls kendall's coefficient of concordance interpretation of results pearson’s correlation kendall's w positive relationship negative relationship kendall’s tau hypothesis testing degrees of freedom linear relationship interval scales critical values normal distribution observed statistics correlation dekeyser practice effect high-aptitude monosynaptic non-cognitive vocabulary learning conscious recognition strategies proceduralization cerebellar cognitive procedural knowledge gross errors ericsson declarative knowledge declarative skill acquisition theory theory english language teaching teacher involvement zone of proximal development (zpd) vygotsky the me marion williams psychology for language teachers the concept of mediation feuerstein’s theory of me tomlinson production approach (ppp) practice presentation ppp approach tomlinson & masuhara mental representation reading materials neuroscience the language-based approaches l2 reading materials grabe recognition cognitive ability metacognitive williams and moran pang reading masuhara pedagogical principles differences between l2 & l1 writing micro- and macro-skills for writing orthography authenticity narrative essay contrastive rhetoric intercultural & contrastive rhetoric intercultural rhetoric characteristics of written language discourse kaplan silva hedgcock written products teaching writing composing bilingual literature accent norm-providing monolithic english norm-dependent norm-developing dialect commonwealth countries expanding circle outer circle kachru’s “circles” theory idealization kachru english-based creoles inner circle lingua franca world englishes world english reuven feuerstein communicative language teaching mitchell & myles learning process internalization symbolic tools psychological tool lantolf artifacts feuerstein’s theory of mediation symbolic language language teachers psychology sensitivity engagement feedback educational policies educational goals classroom observation form blooms taxonomy supervising substandard performance classroom environment classroom management social classes teacher classroom activities classroom observation teaching methods english institute pre-intermediate level podcasts mobile learning self-directed learning distance learning webinars isaac pitman e-learning real-world education internet-based courses social media learning digital educational technology web-based platform managed learning environment (mle) gamification software system vle call virtual learning contextualization synthetic syllabus analytic syllabus experimentation pedagogic richards & rodgers authentic purposes negotiation of meaning grammatical contexts collaboration cooperative learning focus on form (fonf) skehan tblt communication linguistic knowledge negotiate meaning task-based task work cohesión coherence lexical and structural accuracy language assessment literacy (lal) lexical and structural range interaction task achievement questionnaire attitudes workshops language testing analytic scales benchmark performances high-stakes exams rating scale design knowledge collaborative learning scaffolding zpd zone of proximal development logical memory intrapsychological interpsychological cognition social interaction intelligence human learning sociocultural theory  observational techniques  case studies journals  diaries  interviews  ethnographies descriptive data second language research qualitative research qualitative