2. SUB TOPIC:
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3.1 ELEMENTS OF THOUGHT
3.2 REFLECTIVE THOUGHT
3.3 THOUGHT AWARENESS
3.4 EVALUATING THOUGHTS
3.5 UNHEALTHY THINKING PATTERNS
3.6 ADDRESSING NEGATIVE THOUGHTS
3.7 METHOD TO CHANGE NEGATIVE THOUGHTS
3. What is thought???
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✔AN IDEA, PLAN, OPINION, PICTURE ETC..THAT IS FORMED IN
YOUR MIND.
✔SOMETHING THAT YOU THINK OF.
⊹ “Maggie had a sudden thought.”
✔THE ACT OR PROCESS OF THINKING.
✔THE ACT OF CAREFULLY THINKING ABOUT THE DETAILS OF
SOMETHING.
⊹ “Maggie sat deep in thought.”
8. ALL REASONING
HAS A PURPOSE
ALL REASONING
IS BASED ON
ASSUMPTION
ELEMENTS OF THOUGHT
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ALL REASONING IS
AN ATTEMPT TO
FIGURE
SOMETHING OUT,
TO SETTLE SOME
QUESTION, TO
SOLVE SOME
PROBLEMS.
9. ELEMENTS OF THOUGHT
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ALL REASONING
IS BASED ON
DATA,
INFORMATION
AND EVIDENCE
ALL REASONING
IS DONE FROM
SOME POINT OF
VIEW
⊹ .
13. Reflective thought
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Reflective thinking is
the process of reflecting on one’s emotions, feelings,
experiences, reactions, and knowledge, creating connections
between them, which leads to learning.
In reflective thinking,
consciously think about and analyze what we are doing now,
what we have done previously, what we have experienced, what
we have learned, and how we have learned it.
It is an awareness of our knowledge, assumptions and past
experiences.
Past experiences and learning that make the context of our
thoughts. These are unique to us.
It is an active and dynamic process that keeps on developing
and evolving as we learn and respond to new experiences,
situations, and information.
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HAVE YOU EVER MISSED
THE BUS AND THOUGHT
“NEXT TIME I SHOULD
LEAVE THE HOUSE FIVE
MINUTES EARLIER”?
THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF
YOU BEING REFLECTIVE:
YOU THOUGHT ABOUT
AN EXPERIENCE AND
DECIDED TO LEARN
FROM IT AND DO IT
DIFFERENTLY NEXT
TIME.
15. Reflective thinking method
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The reflective-thinking method originated with John Dewey, a leading
American social philosopher.
- provides a structured way to approach decision-making and
problem-solving, especially as people are increasingly distracted
by electronics or overwhelmed by access to complex and endless
information.
- He believed that people need a scientific method and a
“disciplined mind” to both tap into the strength and to come up
with logical solutions.
- disciplined mind refers to gaining intellectual control, rather than
just being emotionally based. It should not be restrictive, but offers
intellectual freedom.
- Can be applied to individual decision-making as well as to small
group communication.
16. Reflective thinking method
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❖ USE THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD TO MAKE
DECISION,
❖ HELP TO DETERMINE AN INDIVIDUAL’S STRENGTHS
AND WEAKNESSES BY ALLOWING INDIVIDUAL TO
QUESTION VALUES AND BELIEFS,
❖ CHALLENGE ASSUMPTIONS,
❖ RECOGNISE BIASES,
❖ ACKNOWLEDGE FEARS,
❖ FIND AREAS OF IMPROVEMENT.
17. 17
REFLECTIVE THOUGHT HELPS LEARNERS TO
DEVELOP HIGHER –ORDER THINKING SKILLS BY
PROMPTING LEARNERS TO :
• RELATE NEW KNOWLEDGE TO PRIOR UNDERSTANDING
• THINK IN BOTH ABSTRACT AND CONCEPTUAL TERMS
• APPLY SPECIFIC STRATEGIES IN TASKS
• UNDERSTAND THEIR OWN THINKING AND LEARNING
STRATEGIES
19. 19
Thoughts: the product of mental
activity; that OF which, one thinks
Awareness: the state or condition
of being aware; having
knowledge; consciousness
20. Thought Awareness is the process by which
you observe your thoughts and become
aware of what is going through your head.
One way to become more aware of your
thoughts is to observe your stream of
consciousness as you think about a stressful
situation
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21. Thought awareness
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HELPS US TO IDENTIFY THE NEGATIVE THINKING,
UNPLEASANT MEMORIES AND MISINTERPRETATION OF
SITUATIONS THAT MAY INTERFERE WITH OUR
PERFORMANCE AND DAMAGE OUR SELF-CONFIDENCE.
THIS ALLOWS US TO DEAL WITH THEM.
22. 22
A brain tissue called amygdala, known as part
with neurons responding to unpleasant stimuli
way more often than to pleasant stimuli. It is after
amygdala receives information that our prefrontal
cortex; where controls our logic, language and
reasons; starts to take in and process the
message. In other words, we feel first then we
think. In such process, our awareness plays a vital
role. If we are able to emphasize our awareness
toward our feelings, we will be able to block or at
least slow down the toxic thoughts from arising.
Awareness helps us stay as neutral emotionally as
possible to allow our brain to think with reasoning.
23. 23
Daniel Goleman (1995) introduces those thoughts
that arouse negative emotions as Toxic Thoughts.
Our thoughts which come from our own opinion or
value are powered to shape our mood. As its
definition points out, thoughts are a series of
outcome or product, because they appear
tangible/visible in our mind. Its form of existence is
like that of a middle agent, sandwiched between
our belief and our feelings; we tend to go oblivious
of its origin but almost instantly experience its
impact. Thoughts arise regardless of how our
moods are and their counter-effect to our emotion
is efficient.
24. 24
Awareness, on the other hand, although also
coming from our mind’s activity, is more
knowledge and consciousness-oriented. It is a
pathway to form our thoughts. In Daniel
Goleman’s book Emotional Intelligence, he said
that self-awareness is the fundamental of human’s
emotional intelligence. From such position, we can
see that for awareness to occur, it is not as direct
as how we experience our feelings. Yes, it is easy
for us to be angry, happy or sad, but not so for us
to gain awareness!
27. ISSUES TO BE AWARE
Organ transplant
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WgDzrnZGB80
Teens and risk-taking
https://familydoctor.org/understanding-your-teens-
emotional-health/
Stress and anxiety
https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/child-and
adolescent-mental-health
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BEGINNING TO THINK ABOUT YOUR
THINKING
❖ TO BEGIN TO THINK ABOUT YOUR THINKING,
MAKE A LIST OF ANY PROBLEMS YOU BELIEVE
CURRENTLY EXIST WITH YOUR THINKING.
❖ TRY TO BE AS EXPLICIT AS POSSIBLE. THE
MORE PROBLEMS YOU CAN IDENTIFY THE
BETTER.
FOR EACH PROBLEM YOU IDENTIFY,
COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS:
1. ONE PROBLEM WITH MY THINKING IS …
2. THIS IS A PROBLEM BECAUSE …
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⊹ WHEN A PERSON EXPERIENCES AN
UNHELPFUL EMOTION, SUCH AS DEPRESSION
OR ANXIETY, IT IS USUALLY PRECEDED BY A
NUMBER OF UNHELPFUL SELF-STATEMENTS
AND THOUGHTS.
⊹ OFTEN THERE IS A PATTERN TO SUCH
THOUGHTS AND WE CALL THESE
“UNHELPFUL THINKING STYLES”
3.5 UNHEALTHY THINKING PATTERNS
33. NEGATIVE THOUGHT
⊹ Negative thought is a thought process where people
tend to find the worst in everything, or reduce their
expectations by considering the worst possible
scenarios.
⊹ This approach can relieve disappointment in some
situations; but, negative thinking tends to manifest into a
pattern that can cause tremendous stress, worry, or
sadness over time.
⊹ The opposite approach would be positive thinking,
approaching situations or circumstances with a positive
attitude. 33
34. 3.7 Method to address negative thought
1. Recognize thought distortions.
Our minds have clever and persistent ways of
convincing us of something that isn't really true. These
inaccurate thoughts reinforce negative thinking. If you
can recognize them, you can learn to challenge them.
Here are four common thought distortions:
• Black and white thinking. Seeing everything as one
way or another, without any in between.
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35. • Personalizing. Assuming you are to blame for anything
that goes wrong, like thinking someone did not smile at
you because you did something to upset him/her. (It's
more likely that person is having a hard day and his/her
mood had nothing to do with you.)
• Filter thinking. Choosing to see only the negative side of
a situation.
• Catastrophizing. Assuming the worst possible outcome is
going to happen.
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36. 2. Challenge negative thoughts.
Whenever you have a distorted thought, stop and
evaluate whether it is accurate. Think about how you
would respond if a friend spoke about herself that way.
You would probably offer a good rebuttal to his or her
negative view. Apply the same logic to your own
thoughts. Ask yourself if you are assuming the worst will
happen or blaming yourself for something that has not
gone the way you wanted. And then think about other
possible outcomes or reasons that something turned
out differently than you hoped.
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37. 3. Take a break from negative thoughts.
It is possible to learn how to separate from negative
thoughts. One way to do this is to allow yourself a
certain amount of time (maybe five minutes) with
the thought. Then take a break from focusing on it
and move on with your day.
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38. 4. Release judgment.
We all judge ourselves and others, usually unconsciously.
Constantly comparing ourselves to other people or
comparing our lives to some ideal breeds dissatisfaction.
When you are able to let go of judgment (not easy, but
possible), you will likely feel more at ease. Some ways to
take a break from judgmental thoughts include recognizing
your own reaction, observing it, and then letting it go.
Another helpful technique is to "positive judge." When you
notice you are negatively judging a person, yourself, or a
situation, look for a positive quality, too.
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39. 5. Practice gratitude.
Research shows that feeling grateful has a big impact
on your levels of positivity and happiness. Even when
you are experiencing a challenging time in your life, you
can usually find things (even small things) to be grateful
for. Noticing the things that are going well and making
you feel happy will keep you in touch with them.
Keeping a gratitude journal and writing a few things in it
every day is one easy and effective way to do this.
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40. 6. Focus on your strengths.
It is human nature to dwell on the negative and overlook the
positive. The more you can practice focusing on your
strengths and not dwelling on mistakes you have made, the
easier it will be to feel positive about yourself and the
direction your life is taking. If you find yourself thinking
harsh thoughts about your personality or actions, take a
moment to stop and think about something you like about
yourself.
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41. 7. Seek out professional support.
If you are unable to manage your thoughts or find they
are interfering with your ability to meet your daily
responsibilities or enjoy life. Counseling and
therapy can help you weather life changes, reduce
emotional suffering and experience self-growth.
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