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Chapter 3. Deviance and Crime.pptx
1.
2. OBJECTIVES OF THE REPORT :
At the end of the lesson , students are able to:
Identify the difference between Deviance and
Crime
Determine the differences of Types of Crime
Evaluate Social Control as Government and
Discipline
3. TABLE OF CONTENTS:
Deviance and Crime
Types of Crime:
1. Violent crimes
2. Nonviolent crimes
3. Street crimes
4. Corporate crimes
5. Victimless crime
Social Control as Government and
Discipline
4. Deviance and Crime
Deviance is a violation of social norms, it’s not
always punishable and, it’s not necessarily bad.
Crime is a behavior that violates official law and is
punishable through formal sanctions. Not all
crimes are given equal weight. Society generally
socializes its members to view certain crimes as
more severe than others.
5. All societies have informal and formal ways of
maintaining social control. Within these systems of
norms, societies have legal codes that maintain
formal social control through laws, which are rules
adopted and enforced by a political authority. Those
who violate these rules incur negative formal
sanctions.
Normally, punishments are relative to the degree of
the crime and the importance to society of the value
underlying the law. As we will see, however, there
are other factors that influence criminal sentencing.
6. Types of Crime
Violent crimes - (also known as & “crimes
against a person”) are based on the use of
force or the threat of force. Rape, murder, and
armed robbery fall under this category.
Nonviolent crimes - involve the destruction
or theft of property, but do not use force or
the threat of force. Because of this, they are
also sometimes called “property crimes”
Larceny, car theft, and vandalism are all types
of nonviolent crimes.
Street crimes- are offenses committed by
ordinary people against other people or
organizations, usually in public spaces.
7. Corporate crimes - are crimes committed
by white-collar workers in a business
environment. Embezzlement, insider
trading, and identity theft are all types of
corporate crime.
Victimless crimes - are crimes wherein the
perpetrator is not explicitly harming another
person. Acts like drinking beer at a minor
age or selling a sexual act do not result in
injury to anyone other than the individual
who engages in them, although they are
illegal.
8. Social Control as Government and
Discipline
Michel Foucault notes that from a period of early
modernity onward, European society became
increasingly concerned with social control as a
practice of government. In this sense of the term,
government does not simply refer to the activities
of the state, but to all the practices by which
individuals or organizations seek to govern the
behavior of others or themselves.
Government refers to the strategies by which one
seeks to direct or guide the conduct of another or
others.
9. In the 15th and 16th centuries, numerous
treatises were written, on:
how to govern and educate children,
how to govern the poor and beggars,
how to govern a family or an estate,
how to govern an army or a city,
how to govern a state and run an economy,
how to govern one's own conscience and
conduct.
10. These treatises described the burgeoning arts of government,
which defined the different ways in which the conduct of
individuals or groups might be directed.
These modern forms of government as disciplinary social
control because they each rely on the detailed continuous
training, control, and observation of individuals to improve
their capabilities: to transform criminals into law abiding
citizens, children into educated and productive adults, recruits
into disciplined soldiers, patients into healthy people, etc.
Foucault argues that the ideal of discipline as a means of social
control is to render individuals docile. That does not mean that
they become passive or sheep-like, but that disciplinary
training simultaneously increases their abilities, skills, and
usefulness while making them more compliant and
manipulate.
11. INSIGHTS
Any misconduct that involves a violation of
the law is referred to be a crime. Any
wrongdoing that is a violation of societal
norms is referred to be deviance