"Spermidine: A Natural Compound with Anti-Aging and Health-Boosting Properties"

1. Autophagy and Brain
Plasticity

2. Introduction
Autophagy
• Autophagy, a catabolic degradation system, is utilized for
destroying and recycling the damaged or unnecessary cellular
components.
• Autophagy is a lysosome-reliant degradation mechanism that
regulate many biological courses, such as neuroprotection and
cellular stress reactions

4. Brain plasticity
• The remarkable characteristics of brain neurons that change
their structure and function according to previous experience
• They are changes of functional interaction between different
types of cells, astrocytes, neurons, and oligodendrocytes
• Brain plasticity can be divided into:
1. structure plasticity
2. function plasticity.

5. • The structural plasticity of the brain refers to the fact that the
connections between synapses and neurons in the brain can
be established due to the influence of learning and
experience.
• Functional plasticity is the brain's ability to move functions
from a damaged area of the brain after trauma, to other
undamaged areas

6. THENEUROPROTECTIVEEFFECTOF
AUTOPHAGYIN NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES
• Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) is the phenomenon
whereby brief episodes of ischemia-reperfusion applied in
distant tissues or organs render the myocardium resistant to
a subsequent sustained episode of ischemia.
• Remote ischemic perconditioning has obvious neuroprotective
effect on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and the
autophagic lysosomal pathway is activated by RIP.
• Autophagy activation promotes the neuroprotective effect of
RIP on focal cerebral ischemia
• activation of autophagy flux in astrocytes might conduce to
neural recovery mechanisms and endogenous neuroprotective
following stroke

7. • autophagy dysfunction leads to the accumulation of damaged
organelles and/or abnormal proteins
• This accumulation is associated with synaptic functional
disorder, neuronal death, and cellular stress

8. Autophagy and Neurodegenerative
Disease
• Autophagy is the core regulator of neurodegeneration
• The delivery of organelles and toxic molecules to lysosomes by
autophagy is critical for the health and survival of neurons
• Most of the neurodegenerative diseases are related to the
intracytoplasmic deposition of proteins that tend to
accumulate in neurons and autophagy is a powerful process
for removing these proteins
• autophagy defects arise in the early stage of Alzheimer’s
disease (AD)

9. Autophagy and Cerebral Tumor
• Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and invasive
primary brain tumor.
• Autophagy played a critical role in the formation of
vasculogenic mimicry (a newly defined pattern of tumor
blood perfusion) via Glioma stem cells (GSCs), which could be
used as a therapeutic target for drug-resistant gliomas
• The inhibition of autophagy promotes the antitumor activity
of ibrutinib in GBM

10. Autophagy and mTOR
• As a key regulator of autophagy, the mTOR plays an important
role in autophagy, translation, cell growth and survival
• Mammalian target of rapamycin and autophagy are tightly
bound within cells, and defects of mTOR and autophagy
process might lead to a variety of human diseases
• there is a close relationship among mTOR, brain plasticity and
autophagy

11. Product Proposal

12. Spermidine
• a natural polyamine present in all living organisms
• critically involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis
• affects numerous biological processes, including cell growth
and proliferation, tissue regeneration, DNA and RNA
stabilization, enzymatic modulation, and regulation of
translation
• exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties,
enhances mitochondrial metabolic function and respiration
• Spermidine induces autophagy through the inhibition of
several acetyltransferases (the main negative regulators of
autophagy)

13. Effects of spermidine
• An Anti-Inflammatory effect (stimulate the production of
anti-inflammatory cytokines and decrease the production of
pro-inflammatory ones)
• Act As A Calorie Restriction Mimetic
• Aging (can extend the life span)
• Cognition and memory improvement
• Against Cancer (As spermidine is a caloric restriction
“mimicker” as well as an autophagy activator, spermidine has
multiple pathways by which to affect tumor growth as well as
prevention)

14. Of the nine hallmarks of aging, spermidine has the natural
capability to inhibit 6:
• Stem Cell Exhaustion.
• Loss of Proteostasis.
• Mitochondrial Dysfunction.
• Telomere Attrition.
• Altered Extracellular Communication.
• Epigenetic Alterations.

15. Other benefits of spermidine
• Better Cardiovascular Health.
• Optimal Sleep Patterns.
• Enhanced Hair Growth.
• Improved Nail Health.

16. REFERENCES
• https://nutriop.com/blogs/news/spermidine-and-its-effects-
on-human-health-and-wellbeing
• The Relationship Between Autophagy and Brain Plasticity in
Neurological Diseases by:
(Man-Man Wang, Ya-Shuo Feng, Si-Dong Yang, Ying Xing, Jing Zhang, Fang Dong
and Feng Zhang)