Hypertension during pregnancy occurs when blood pressure rises to unhealthy levels, and is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Hypertension disorders in pregnancy include: Gestational hypertension - elevated blood pressure arising after 20 weeks gestation without proteinuria. Preeclampsia - hypertension with proteinuria and/or end-organ dysfunction arising after 20 weeks gestation in previously normotensive woman. Can lead to eclampsia (seizures). Chronic hypertension - high blood pressure predating pregnancy or arising before 20 weeks gestation. Increases preeclampsia risk. Risk factors for hypertension in pregnancy include obesity, diabetes, kidney disease, first pregnancy, family history, and age over 40. Complications include placental abruption, preterm delivery, slowed fetal growth, and future maternal heart disease. Signs of preeclampsia include high blood pressure, swelling, sudden weight gain, headaches and visual disturbances. Routine prenatal blood pressure monitoring can detect hypertension. Definitive treatment is delivery of baby and placenta. Before term, management aims to optimize maternal health and fetal outcomes. Delivery is indicated for severe features. Having high blood pressure during pregnancy requires more intense monitoring, lifestyle changes, and possibly antihypertensives. Following childbirth, blood pressure usually normalizes. Awareness of future cardiovascular disease risk is important. With proper care, many women with hypertension can have good pregnancy outcomes.

1. Hypertension during
Pregnancy
BY WAKIB AMIN MAZUMDER, GROUP-18

2. Introduction
• Define Hypertension during Pregnancy:
• Hypertension during pregnancy refers to elevated blood pressure that occurs during the
gestational period. It's a condition that requires careful monitoring and management to
ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome.
• Prevalence and Significance:
• Hypertensive disorders complicate approximately 10% of pregnancies worldwide,
making it one of the most common pregnancy complications. The significance of this
condition lies in its potential to lead to severe maternal and fetal complications if not
managed properly.
• Source: ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists)

3. Types of Hypertension
• Discuss Different Types:
• Hypertension during pregnancy can manifest in various forms, including chronic
hypertension (existing high blood pressure before pregnancy), gestational hypertension
(elevated blood pressure that develops after 20 weeks of pregnancy), and preeclampsia
(a severe condition characterized by high blood pressure and organ damage).
• Differences and Implications:
• It's crucial to understand the differences between these types, as their management
and potential risks may vary. Chronic hypertension often requires ongoing treatment,
while gestational hypertension and preeclampsia can develop suddenly and lead to
more severe complications.
• Source: CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

4. Risk Factors
• Identify Common Risk Factors:
• Various factors increase the risk of developing hypertension
during pregnancy. These include a history of high blood pressure,
obesity, multiple pregnancies (e.g., twins or triplets), and certain
medical conditions like diabetes.
• Importance of Early Identification:
• Early identification of these risk factors is essential as it allows
healthcare providers to monitor and intervene appropriately.
Women with known risk factors should receive special attention
during prenatal care.
• Source: WHO (World Health Organization)

5. Complications
• List Potential Complications:
• Hypertension during pregnancy can lead to a range of
complications for both the mother and the baby. These
complications may include premature birth, low birth weight,
placental abruption (separation of the placenta from the uterus),
and maternal complications like seizures (eclampsia).
• Importance of Prevention:
• Prevention is paramount, as these complications can have lasting
effects on both the mother and the child. Timely interventions and
effective management can significantly reduce the risks associated
with hypertension during pregnancy.
• Source: Mayo Clinic

6. Prevention through Lifestyle
• Discuss Healthy Lifestyle Choices:
• A key component of preventing hypertension during
pregnancy is making healthy lifestyle choices. Encourage a
balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
Promote regular exercise as advised by your healthcare
provider. Maintaining a healthy weight is also crucial.
• Stress the Importance of Regular Prenatal Care:
• Regular prenatal check-ups are essential for early detection
of hypertension. Your healthcare provider will monitor your
blood pressure and other vital signs throughout your
pregnancy. They can also provide guidance on diet,
exercise, and any necessary interventions.
• Source: NIH (National Institutes of Health)

7. Medication and Medical Intervention
• Explain When Medication May Be Necessary:
• In some cases, lifestyle changes and regular prenatal care may not be
sufficient to control hypertension during pregnancy. Medication may
be prescribed to manage high blood pressure safely. It's essential to
follow your healthcare provider's recommendations regarding
medication.
• Discuss the Role of Healthcare Professionals:
• Obstetricians and maternal-fetal medicine specialists play a vital role
in managing hypertension during pregnancy. They will carefully
monitor your condition, adjust treatment as needed, and make
decisions that prioritize the well-being of both you and your baby.
• Source: ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and
Gynecologists)

8. Monitoring and Self-Care
• Inform About the Importance of Self-Monitoring and Record-Keeping:
• If you have hypertension during pregnancy, your healthcare provider may recommend
self-monitoring of blood pressure. Keeping a record of your blood pressure readings,
symptoms, and any changes in your condition helps in early detection of any issues.
• Mention the Role of Home Blood Pressure Monitoring:
• Home blood pressure monitors can be useful in tracking your blood pressure regularly.
They can provide valuable data for your healthcare provider, aiding in timely
interventions.
• Source: March of Dimes

9. Supporting Pregnant Individuals
• Encourage Family and Community Support:
• Emotional support from family and friends is crucial
during pregnancy, especially when dealing with a
medical condition. Encourage open communication and
understanding within your support network.
• Highlight the Emotional Aspects:
• Dealing with hypertension during pregnancy can be
emotionally challenging. Share resources for mental
health and stress management to help individuals cope
with the added stress and uncertainty.
• Source: NHS (National Health Service)

10. Conclusion and Resources
• Summarize Key Points and the Importance of Prevention:
• preventing hypertension during pregnancy is essential for a healthy outcome. Key
points include early identification, healthy lifestyle choices, regular prenatal care, and
the importance of medical intervention when needed. Self-monitoring and a strong
support system also play vital roles in reducing risks and ensuring a successful
pregnancy. Prioritizing prevention is the cornerstone of a healthy pregnancy when
dealing with hypertension.

11. Thank Your for your
Attention