Embedded systems

1. VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“Jnana Sangama”, Belagavi, Karnataka - 590018
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
RNS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(AICTE Approved, VTU Affiliated and NAAC "A+ " Accredited)
(UG programs – CSE, ECE, ISE, EIE and EEE have been accredited by NBA UPTO 30/06/2025)
Channasandra, Dr. Vishnuvardhan Road, Bengaluru – 560098
Internship Presentation on:
Embedded System Practical Approach &
IOT
Carried out at Take it Smart
By,
DHARSHAN A Y
1RN19EE010
Under the Guidance of
P BALAJI CHAKRAVARTHY
Asst professor
EEE Department
RNSIT

2. INTRODUCTION
About company:
TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD is an Indian based engineering and Software Company headquartered in Bangalore,
Karnataka, India. It is both product and service oriented software company. All offices employ an experienced team of
professionals, with an outstanding track record of handling complex web & Apps development projects.
2.2 COMPANY STRATERGY
 Purpose: To be a leader in the software Industry by providing enhanced services, relationship and profitability.
 Vision: To provide quality services that exceeds the expectations of our esteemed customers.
 Mission: To build long term relationships with our customers and clients and provide exceptional customer services by
pursuing business through innovation and advanced technology.
Core values:
 To incorporate good business practices in order to achieve customer satisfaction and treating the customers with respect and
faith.
 To grow through creativity, invention and innovation.

3. Services and Goals:
COMPANY SERVICES
TAKE IT SMART (OPC) PVT.LTD have its own services such as,
• Embedded Applications development
 Web design and development
 IT Service
 Android app Development.
Goals:
 To improve, grow and become more efficient in the field electronics engineering and software development and develop a
strong base of key clients.
 To understand customer requirements and fulfill them.
 Increase the assets and investments of the organization to support the development of services and expansion of the
organization.
 To increase the productivity and improve the customer service satisfaction.

4. 1. ABOUT EMBEDDED SYSTEM
The combination of hardware and software either fixed in capability or programmable is know
Embedded system , that is designed for a specific function. Embedded systems is device used
to control, monitor the operation of equipment’s , machinery or plant. “Embedded” refers to
the internal part.
These are classified into different steps :
Based on the Performance and Functional Requirement:
1. REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEMS: type of systems are defined as these
systems in which the truthfulness of the system depends not only on the logical result
computation, but also the results are produced on time.
 Hard real-time systems (e.g., Avionic control).
 Firm real-time systems (e.g., Banking).
 Soft real-time systems (e.g., Video on demand).

5. DETACHED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:
 This systems do not require a host like a computer, depends on itself.
 It takes the inputs from the either analog or digital and processes, calculates and modified thedata and
gives the end data through the link device which either controls, drives and displays the linked devices.
 examples: mp3 music players, digital cameras, video game , microwave ovens andtemperature
checkup systems.
 NETWORKED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:
 These systems are branch to a network to access the resources . Connected network can be LAN, WAN, or
the internet. The connection maybe wireless orwired. This system is highest growing area in embedded
system applications.
 MOBILE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:.
 The basic limitations of these devices is the other resources and limitations.
 Mobile embedded systems are used in portable embedded devices like cell phone, mobiles,digital
cameras, mp3 players and personal digital assistants, etc

6. 1. IOT:
 The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers (UIDs) and the ability
to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer
interaction.
 A thing in the internet of things can be a person with a heart monitor implant, a farm animal with
a biochip transponder, an automobile that has built-in sensors to alert the driver when tire pressure
is low or any other natural or man-made object that can be assigned an Internet Protocol (IP)
address and is able to transfer data over a network.

7.  How does IoT work?
 An IoT ecosystem consists of web-enabled smart devices that use embedded systems, such as
processors, sensors and communication hardware, to collect, send and act on data they acquire
from their environments.
 IoT devices share the sensor data they collect by connecting to an IoT gateway or other edge
device where data is either sent to the cloud to be analyzed or analyzed locally. Sometimes, these
devices communicate with other related devices and act on the information they get from one
another.
 The devices do most of the work without human intervention, although people can interact with
the devices -- for instance, to set them up, give them instructions or access the data.

8.  HARDWARE COMPONENTS
 The hardware components used in our project is listed below.
 Arduino uno(Atmega328 microcontroller)
 Power Supply
 Relay
 BLUETOOTH transceiver.
DC motor
 Flame Sensor
MQ135
IR sensor
 NodeMCU

9. 2.1 Arduino Uno
 Arduino is an open source, PC paraphernalia and programming organization, endeavour, and client group that plans and
produce microcontroller packs for constructing programmed devices and intelligent object that can detect and control
questions in the real world. The inception of the Arduino extend began at the Interaction Design Institute in Ivrea, Italy.
The equipment reference plans are appropriated under a Creative Commons Attribution Share.

10.  Atmega328 microcontroller
 The microcontroller is at the core of every embedded module. Hence, great care must be exercised in
choosing the right microcontroller without compromising on functionality. Few crucial reasons may be cited
so as to justify our choice of this microcontroller.
 The first being, that all AVR microcontrollers are designed to deliver more performance at lesser power
consumption. It is compatible with popular protocols like I2C and SPI. It also has advanced features like an
on chip analog to digital converter, six pulse width modulation channels, and data retention is supported up
to a hundred years at 25º C.
 The CPU is designed for the stellar combination of parallelism and performance. Thus the CPU uses the
Harvard architecture (separate memories and buses for program and data). The CPU also accommodates a
32 general purpose 8-bit registers.

11.  Architecture :
 The Atmega328 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR enhanced RISC architecture. By
executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega88 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per
MHz allowing the system designer to optimize power consumption versus processing speed.
 The AVR core combines a rich instruction set with 32 general purpose working registers. All the 32 registers are
directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), allowing two independent registers to be accessed in one single
instruction executed in one clock cycle.
 The resulting architecture is more code efficient while achieving throughputs up to ten times faster than conventional
CISC microcontrollers. The architectural block diagram is as shown in the next page.

13.  Pin Configurations:

14. 4. Crystal Oscillator - 16MHz :
A crystal oscillator is an electronic circuit that uses the mechanical resonance of a
vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical signal with a very
precise frequency. This frequency is commonly used to keep track of time, to provide
a stable clock signal for digital integrated circuits, and to stabilize frequencies for
radio transmitters and receivers.
 The most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so
oscillator circuits designed around them were called "crystal oscillators“ . A crystal is
a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly
ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions.

15.  BLUETOOTH (TRANSRECIEVER):
 BLUETOOTH was created to address the market need for a cost-effective, standards-based wireless
networking solution that supports low data-rates, low-power consumption-users expect battery to last
months to years, security, and reliability. BLUETOOTH is the only standards-based technology that
addresses the unique needs of most remote monitoring and control and sensory network applications.
 The initial markets for the BLUETOOTH Alliance include Consumer Electronics, Energy Management
and Efficiency, Health Care, Home Automation, Building Automation and Industrial Automation.

16.  Flame Sensor:
 A sensor which is most sensitive to a normal light is known as a flame sensor. That’s why this sensor module is
used in flame alarms. This sensor detects flame otherwise wavelength within the range of 760 nm – 1100 nm
from the light source. This sensor can be easily damaged to high temperature. So this sensor can be placed at a
certain distance from the flame. The flame detection can be done from a 100cm distance and the detection angle
will be 600. The output of this sensor is an analog signal or digital signal. These sensors are used in fire fighting
robots like as a flame alarm.

17.  DHT11:

 The requirement of a sensor is to react for input physical property and convert it into
an electrical signal that is suitable with electronic circuits (Fraden 2010, 2). Sensors are
electronic devices that measure a physical quality such as light or temperature and
convert it to a voltage. There are two types of sensors: digital and analog.
The output of digital sensor where is between 0 and 1 which can translate to sensors
voltage range. Analog sensor can output any value between its voltage ranges.
According to the reading from the sensor changes its output. Digital sensor output is
ON (1) often 5v, or OFF (0), 0v.
Analog sensor is used to measure precise numerical information like temperature or
speed. Analog sensors can output almost an infinite range of values. Output pin of
sensor connected to input pinafore denim show the digital form is obtained by the
conversion of data.



18. The best way to develop quickly an iot application with less integrated circuits to add is to choose this
circuit “nodemcu”. Today we will give a detailed introduction on nodemcu V3. It is an open-source
firmware and development kit that plays a vital role in designing a proper iot product using a few script
lines.
The module is mainly based on ESP8266 that is a low-cost wi-fi microchip incorporating both a full
TCP/IP stack and microcontroller capability. It is introduced by manufacturer espressif systems. The
ESP8266 nodemcu is a complex device, which combines some features of the ordinary arduino board
with the possibility of connecting to the internet.
 NodeMCU V3 For Fast IoT Application Development


19. The board incorporates status LED that blinks and turns off immediately, giving you the current status of the module if it is running
properly when connected with the computer.
The ability of module to establish a flawless wifi connection between two
channels makes it an ideal choice for incorporating it with other embedded devices like raspberry pi.
There is a candid difference between vin and VU where former is the regulated voltage that may stand somewhere between 7 to 12 V
while later is the power voltage for USB that must be kept around 5 V.
 NodeMCU V3 Pinout:

20.  SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS
 The software components used in our project is listed below.
 1. Arduino ide
 2.Embedded C
 Arduino IDE: You will be needing Arduino IDE software to write and upload the programminglogic onto
the Arduino Uno board.
 Embedded C: Embedded C is extensive and contains many advanced concepts. The range of modules
covers a full introduction to C, real-time and embedded systems concepts through to the design and
implementation of real time embedded or standalone systems based on real-time operating systems and
their device drivers. The modules include an introduction to the development of Linux device drivers.
Embedded C covers all of the important features of the C language as well as a good grounding in the
principles and practices of real-time systems development including the POSIX threads (pthreads)
specification.

21.  GENERAL ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES :
 I was interned at the Embedded Department where i was provided exposure to various
microcontroller boards that were available for development of various IOT application
areas like consumer, home automation, security, surveillance, health care, etc. The
main agenda of the department to bond the gap between the company and the students
by providing them with practical experience by considering the various constraints that
comes into effect duringthe physical implementation of a project.
 The department where I was interned helped me bridge the gap between the
industry and academia by providing the complete experience to on board using the
various microcontroller boards like AVR microcontroller, nodemcu microcontroller etc.

22. The internet of things (iot) is connecting the devices and tools to the internet networkto be controlled by
websites and smart phone applications remotely, also, to control tools and instruments by codes and
algorithms structures for artificial intelligence issues.
Farther than just using the iot as a smart home to operate lamps or other home-use devices, it can be used as
a security system or an industrial-use system. A huge industrial facilities or governmental institutions have
much of lamps.
Employees sometimes forget to turn them off in the end of the day. This research suggests a solution that
can save energy by letting the security to control lighting of the building with his smart home by application.
The lamps can be controlled by switches distributed in the building and wifi android app application at the
same time with a certain electrical installation.
This researchpresents a simple prototype of smart home, or the easy way and low cost to control loads by
wi-fi connection generally.
INTERNSHIP PROJECT
 A SMART HOME BASED ON IOT USING NODEMCU AND ANDROID
 ABSTRACT:

23. This smart home is an internet of things (IOT) project that controls loads with internet connection via
wireless fidelity WIFI connection. A smart phone connected to internet with wifi android app application as
a control panel, and Nodemcu microcontroller kit in other side as a controller that receives control
commands via WIFI signal. Nodemcu kit is built with ESP8266 WIFI receiver that able to process and
analyze WIFI signal to input the microcontroller. The WIFI receiver and microcontroller are built in one kit
to be used as iot project. It’s called Nodemcu.
To connect the system to the internet, needs a wifi receiver. In my case I used ESP8266that is connected as
built-in in the Nodemcu board that contains a firmware runs with the ESP8266. The firmware is a low-
level control computer software.
The Nodemcu is coded via arduino integrated development environment (IDE) withthe universal serial bus
port (USB) to tell the Nodemcu what to do, I want to make the Nodemcu controls four-channel relay kit by
wifi android app hand phone application and shows the temperature that measured by LM35 sensor.
 INTRODUCTION:

24. Block Diagram:

25. Circuit Diagram:

26. Working:
First Bluetooth module connected to the phone by the Bluetooth.
Bluetooth phone already have a application to provide the interference between mobile and the Bluetooth
module .
By using the application , the mobile send the command signal to microcontroller by the Bluetooth .
Bluetooth and relay IC is connect to the microcontroller by its pins .
The relay is connected to the load by its pins .
When microcontroller receives the command from mobile , it operate the load.

28. New era in energy use.
Home security goes wireless.
Wearable technology is the new black.
Voice commands rule.
Scope:

29. APPLICATIONS
• Monitoring and control are one of the most common applications for IoT in embedded
systems. Connecting sensors and actuators to the internet make monitoring and controlling a
system remotely possible. This is used for monitoring everything from the room's
temperature to controlling a conveyor belt's speed.
• Asset tracking is another common application for IoT in embedded systems. By attaching
tracking devices to assets, it’s possible to track their location in real-time. For example,
monitoring the location of a fleet of vehicles or keeping track of high-value inventory.
• Predictive maintenance is a relatively new application for IoT in embedded systems. By
connecting sensors to the internet, it’s possible to collect data about the condition of a
system. Engineers can analyse this data to predict and schedule maintenance. Reducing the
downtime and lowering the overall cost of ownership.

30. Conclusion
This internship has been a excellent learning experience for me. During the internship I get meet new students from
different colleges. I learnt most importantly time management and team work.
Our internship company provided me good hands-on experience on IOT and embedded system very well..
Finally I learnt how to use arduino uno board which is used for different application. This will definitely help in my
final year project.

31. References
[1] www.takeitsmart.in-About company.
[2] About Embedded system:--http://en.m.Wikipedia.org.
[3] http://www.electronics-notes.com
[4] http://www.informit.com
[5] http://www.wiresmithtech.com
[6] About software http://en.wikipedia.org

32. THANK YOU