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- 2. who has no affiliation with any government office or any other interest group. The NITAG and ICC guide the EPI cell to make changes in the program as necessary. Table 2. Trends in Vaccination Coverage Percentage of Children Age 12β23 Months Who Received Specific Vaccines, Pakistan Name of survey BCG DPT Polio Measles Fully immunized 1 2 3 1 2 3 PDHS (1990- 69.7 64.1 60.0 42.7 64.8
- 3. Immunization Program The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) has existed for nearly thirty years. The basic objective of the program is to reduce death, disease, and disability due to vaccine- preventable diseases (VPDs), and to contribute to the strengthening of national health systems and the attainment of Millennium Development Goal 4 (MDG-4). 1 EPI services are provided most exclusively through the public health delivery network through fixed centers and outreach services. The centers are managed by vaccinators with support from lady health workers (LHWs), BHU and other hospital staff; some of the EPI centers in the PPHI-managed basic health units are managed by vaccinators with limited assistance from the BHU staff. Table 1. EPI Schedule Age Vaccines At birth BCG and OPV 0 6 weeks OPV 1 Pentavalent 1 10 weeks OPV 2 Pentavalent 2 14 weeks OPV 3 Pentavalent 3 9 months Measles Second year of life Measles Source: Federal EPI Cell The EPI currently aims to immunize all children between 0 and 23 months against eight vaccine-preventable diseases that include infant tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, pertussis, neonatal tetanus, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib), and measles (table 1). Immunization coverage in Pakistan has stagnated over the last decade.. Table 2 provides information on childhood immunization coverage from various surveys conducted in Pakistan. The data indicates that the different surveys report widely varying results, most likely due to different survey methodologies, including differences in questionnaire design. Based on the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) findings, the coverage rate increase between 1990 and 2006/07 has been marginal from 35 percent to 47 percent.