This document provides an overview of mental health, including: - Definitions of mental health and common disorders like depression and anxiety. - Factors that can affect mental health like genetics, life experiences, and stress. - Signs of poor mental health like changes in mood and behavior. - Ways to manage stress and mental health through lifestyle changes, social support, and professional treatment if needed. - The consequences of untreated poor mental health on relationships, health, and work. - Features of good mental health like self-esteem, emotional control, and satisfying relationships. It emphasizes the importance of mental health as part of overall health and well-being.

1. MENTAL HEALTH
By Dr Usoro
Edidiongobong U.T

2. CONTENT
• INTRODUCTION
• DEFINITION OF MENTAL HEALTH
• HISTORY
• EPIDEMIOLOGY
• FACTORS AFFECTING MENTAL HEALTH
• COMMON MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS
• DEPRESSION
• SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION
• STRESS
• MANAGEMENT OF STRESS AND POOR MENTAL HEALTH
• FEATURES OF GOOD MENTAL HEALTH
• CONSEQUENCES OF POOR MENTAL HEALTH
• TREATMENT
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
• QUESTIONS
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3. INTRODUCTION
•The brain, known as the command centre is the most intricate and complex
organ of the human body.
.It is responsible for the function of other body organs including one’s mental state.
. It controls our thoughts, feelings, likes, dislikes.
. It alerts us when we are hungry, thirsty, happy, upset, tired and well- rested.
. Just like the body needs exercise to stay in shape, the brain also requires work in order
to function well, hence, it’s important for individuals to work towards keeping their
brain healthy.
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5. DEFINITION
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6. HISTORY
• Mental illnesses were once considered to be due
to demonic possession.
• Patients were locked up in tall jail like buildings ,
monasterys and isolated in remote regions far
away from civilization.
• It was until the 20th century, psychiatry began to
make scientific advances.
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8. EPIDEMIOLOGY
• Mental and Behavioral disorders are found in people of all
regions, all countries, all societies.
• An analysis done by WHO shows that neuropsychiatric
conditions had an aggregate point prevalence of 10% for
adults
• It’s a fact that about half of mental disorders begin before the
age of 14, about 20% of the children and adolescent in the
world are estimated to have mental problems across
cultures.
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9. GLOBAL STATISTICS OF THE DISEASE BURDEN 9

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FACTORS AFFECTING MENTAL HEALTH
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL / SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
Genetic (hereditary) Severe psychological trauma or
or stress
Dysfunctional Family(i.e siblings
siblings and parents)
Brain defects or injuries Sexual, physical or emotional
abuse
Death or Divorce
Infections by certain bacteria and
and viruses
Neglect, lack of support from
family and friends
Traditional and Cultural
expectations
Poor nutrition (Lack of certain
nutrients while growing up such
such as omega-3
Poor social relationships and
Peer group
Substance abuse by family
members
(Often parents)
Exposure to toxins
Drug and substance abuse
Early loss of a close family
member or dear friend
Change of environment
Homelessness
Loneliness
Prenatal damage Economic status
Stress
School work and Education
Medications effect Beliefs(Religious and Poverty or debt
Genetic vulnerability Personality and self esteem
Stigmatization and discrimination
Chronic work stress
Unemployment
Lost of job
Co-morbidity Romantic failure or heart break Geographical regions

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13. COMMON MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS
• Mood disorders – Depression,Bipolar disorders etc
• Anxiety disorders -Generalized anxiety disorder, Panic disorder, Post
Post traumatic stress disorders, Obsessive-compulsive disorder.
• Substance Abuse Disorders
• Psychotic Disorders
• Personality Disorders : Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
• Eating Disorders –Anorexia, Bulimia, Binge, Pica etc.
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15. GLOBAL DISABILITY-ADJUSTED LIFE YEARS (DALYs) attributed to mental disorder by
the Lancet Psychiatry
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16. DEPRESSION
• Depression is a very common mental disorder that presents
with low mood, loss of interest in previously pleasurable
activities, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, disturbance with
sleep, low energy, poor concentration, change in appetite.
• Globally, more than 264 million people of all ages suffer from
depression.
•Depression is the leading contributor to the global burden
of disease.
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18. SIGNS OF DEPRESSION&POOR MENTAL HEALTH
5 or more of these signs persistently for 2 weeks
•Persistent sad,mood swings , anxious, or "empty" mood.
•Sleeping too little, early morning awakening, or sleeping too much.
•Reduced appetite and/or weight loss, or increased appetite and weight gain.
•Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, including sex.
•Restlessness, irritability.
•Persistent physical symptoms that don't respond to treatment (such as headaches, chronic pain or digestive disorders).
•Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions.
•Fatigue or loss of energy.
•Feeling guilty, Outbursts of anger, hopeless or worthless.
•Thoughts of suicide or death
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22. STRESS
• Stress is the process of adjusting to or dealing with circumstances that disrupt or
threaten to disrupt a person’s physical or psychological functioning.
• Stress is tension, strain, or pressure from a situation that requires us to use, adapt or
develop coping mechanisms.
• A Stressor is the stimulus preceeding or precipitating a change. It may be internal or
external.
• If not addressed could lead to poor mental health.
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23. TYPES OF STRESS
• Good stress also known as Eustress. The
optimal amount of stress which helps to
promote health and growth based on
coping skills.
Getting married, starting a new job etc.
• Distress is stress due to an aversive,
negative state in which coping and
adaptation processes fail to return an
organism to “normal state”.
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24. HOW DO WE MANAGE THIS ?

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26. STRESS MANAGEMENT
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• Stress management involves controlling and reducing
the tension that occurs in stressful situations by
making emotional and physical changes.
• The degree of stress and the desire to make the
changes will determine how much change takes place.
• Learn to Avoid,Alter,Adapt and Accept.

27. 4 A’S OF STRESS MANAGEMENT
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28. ABC’s KEYS FOR STRESS
MANAGEMENT&POOR MENTAL HEALTH
• Always take time for yourself at least 30minutes/day.
• Be aware of your own stress meter; know when to step back and cool down.
• Concentrate on controlling your own situation, without controlling everybody else.
• Daily exercise will burn off the stress chemicals.
• Eat lots of fresh fruit, vegetables, water; give your body the best for it to perform
at its best.
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29. ABC’s KEYS FOR STRESS MANAGEMENT&POOR MENTAL
HEALTH CONT’D
• Forgive others, do not hold grudges and be tolerant; not everyone is capable as you.
• Gain perspective on things, how important is the issue?
• Hugs, kisses and laughter; have fun and don’t be afraid to share your feelings with
others.
• Identify stressors and plan to deal with them better next time.
• Judge your own performance realistically; don’t set goals out of your own reach.
• Keep a positive attitude, your outlook will influence outcomes and the way others
treat you.
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30. ABC’s KEYS FOR STRESS MANAGEMENT&POOR MENTAL HEALTH CONT’D
• Limit alcohol, drugs and other stimulants, they affect your perception and Behavior.
• Manage money well, seek advice and save a percentage of what you earn.
• No is a word you need to learn to use without feeling guilty.
• O- Outdoor activities by yourself, or with friends and families, can be a great way to relax
e.g. gardening.
• P- Play your favourite music.
• Q- Quit smoking
• Relationships; nurture and enjoy them, learn to listen more and talk less.
• Sleep well
• Treat yourself as often as possible e.g. massage, dinner out and the movies.
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31. ABC’s KEYS FOR STRESS MANAGEMENT &POOR
MENTAL HEALTH CONT’D
• Understand things from the other person’s point of view.
• Verify information from the source before exploding.
• Worry less, it really doesn’t get things completed better
or quicker.
• Yearly goal setting; plan what you want to achieve based
on your priorities in your career, relationships, etc.
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32. “
”
Zest for life; each day is a gift, smile
and be thankful that you’re the part
of the bigger picture.

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34. FEATURES OF GOOD MENTAL HEALTH
•They feel good about themselves.
•They do not become overwhelmed by emotions, such as fear,
anger, love, jealousy, guilt, or anxiety.
•They have lasting and satisfying personal relationships.
•They feel comfortable with other people.
•They can laugh at themselves and with others.
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35. FEATURES CONT’D
•They have respect for themselves and for others even if there are
differences.
•They are able to accept life’s disappointments.
•They can meet life’s demands and handle their problems when they arise.
•They make their own decisions.
•They shape their environment whenever possible and adjust to it when
necessary
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36. How we get there
ROI Niche markets Supply chains
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37. CONSEQUENCES OF POOR
MENTAL HEALTH
• Social: strained relationships (marital, parental, friends .etc)
•Health: stress related diseases, migraines, higher risk to accidents,
accelerated aging .
•Behavioral : depression, develop bad habits such as alcoholism,
smoking and drug abuse.
•Work: reduced work performance and productivity
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38. B2B market scenarios
Cloud-based opportunities
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39. TREATMENT
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40. WHAT CAN WE DO TO HELP?
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Synergise scalable e-commerce
Sep 20XX
Disseminate standardised metrics
Nov 20XX
Coordinate e-business
applications
Jan 20XX
Foster holistically superior
methodologies
Mar 20XX
Deploy strategic networks with
compelling e-business needs
May 20XX

41. CONCLUSION
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• The journey to improving mental health starts NOW.
• Mental Health is an ongoing daily journey that we all have to
take part in.
• Mental health is an integral part of health; indeed, there is
no health without mental health.
• There is no perfect solution that works for everyone in
building coping skills, it is therefore important that each
individual takes a strong stand in attaining this.
• It takes 21days to create a habit; it takes 90days to create a
lifestyle.
• WHAT MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS IS MORE ENLIGHTENMENT,
MORE CANDOUR, AND MORE UNASHAMED
CONVERSATIONS………Glenn Close

42. REFERENCES
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• https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-disorders
• https://wfmh.global/
• https://raycenter.wp.drake.edu/2020/09/15/good-stress-versus-
distress/?print=print
• https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-
0366%2821%2900395-3/fulltext
• https://nigeriahealthwatch.com/wp-content/uploads/bsk-pdf-
manager/2020/01/MENTAL-HEALTH-IN-NIGERIA-SURVEY-Conducted-by-
Africa-Polling-Institute-and-EpiAFRIC-January-2020-REPORT.pdf

43. Thank you

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•QUESTIONS!!!!!!