This document discusses how increasing the angle of attack on an airfoil can improve aerodynamic downforce through a technique called Vortaflow. Standard airfoils produce less downforce at higher angles of attack due to separation of air, but Vortaflow reattaches the flow to increase downforce even at high angles. Tests on a Porsche showed a 5% increase in cornering speed with Vortaflow by generating more downforce at high speeds through corners.
And this is why my project concern aerodynamic downforce and how to increase this within the limitations of regulation but outside the limitations of normal airflow.
This is how downforce is generated from a wing during normal operation conditions.
The blue arrows are air flowing over the airfoil. The red arrow represent the negative lift generated.
When the angle is increased the amount of downforce generated increase and this is all within normal operation of a wing.
So to increase the downforce you just have keep increasing the angle of attack of the wing?
Sadly this is not the case. What happens is that the flow over the wing separates as represented here by the blue arrows that no longer follows the surface of the wing.
What happens is that the wing stalls and generate an area of irregular flow represented by the red area behind the wing.
This separation of flow causes a limitation in how much downforce a wing can generate.
By attaching Vortaflow this problem is solved. The flow is now reattached and the amount of downforce generated by the wing is increased beyond the limitations of normal flow.
This picture is just to illustrate the different angles, airflow and amount of downforce generated by different conditions.
This is all nice in theory but does it actually work?
Actually it does, I have performed a series of windtunnel tests to test my theory and the result…
…is presented in these movies.
The one to the left illustrate the flow over a separated area with “stalled” airflow. As you can see there are a large area of airflow behind the body that is not attached to the surface.
To the right we can see what happens by adding Vortaflow to the body. The flow is now reattached and follows the surface of the body.
This is all fine in theory and in a windtunnel but does it work in the real world?
Acually I had the opportunity, through a college of mine, to test it on a Porsche 996 race car in the GTB series.
Vortaflow was mounted onto the wing and the driver who previously had experienced a nervous and instable car now found it trustworthy and secure. The corner speed was increased with 5% and laptimes were reduced and it almost beat the Viper running in the GTA series.
The design process and the work I have done so far includes
Equations that are the base for initial design
Experiments is necessary to confirm the calculated values and to optimize the design.
Experience from experiments and practical tests are beneficial for improved design process and some design parameters are best examined by trial and error.