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Prepared By: Atul V. Singh & Sunil Jain
Action For Social Advancement (ASA), Bhopal
çLrkouk
Òkjr nsÓ d`fÔ çÌ ku nsÓ gS tgk¡ dh 70%tula[;k dh vkthfodk d`fÔ ij
vkÌ kfjr gSA ;gk¡
oÔkZ esa dkQh vlekurk gS vkSj T;knkrj Âsrh oÔkZ ij gh vkÌ kfjr
gSA ÂjhQ ekSle esa Ì ku dh Âsrh çeq :i ls gksrh gS ftl ij d`Ôdksa
dh vkthfodk ,d cM+h lhek rd vkÌ kfjr gSA Hkkjr esa /kku
dh[ksrh 450 yk[k gSDVs- esa gkrh gSA blesa flafpr /kku dk
Õs= 49-6 çfrÓr gSA
Ì ku dh ijEijkxr Âsrh ds fy, ikuh dh vfÌ d vko’;drk gSA Ì ku ds Âsr
esa ikuh 2&3 bap
rd Òj dj jÂuk iM+rk gS ftlds fy, Òjiwj ikuh pkfg,A ;gk¡ Ì ku dk
vkSlr mRiknu 20 ls 25
fDaoVy çfr gSDVs;j gS tks fd dkQh de gSA ikuh dh c<+rh ekax
rÉk Òfo"; esa ikuh dh deh dks nsÂrs gq, Ì ku dh Âsrh dh ,d u;h fofÌ
fodflr dh tk jgh gS tks fd fdlkuksa o nsÓ ds fy, dkQh mi;ksxh
gSA bl fofÌ esa de cht o de ikuh ls vfÌ d mRiknu gksrk gSA
flLVe vkWQ jkbl bUVsfUlfQdsÓu ¼,l-vkj-vkÃ-½;kfu Ì ku
lÄuhdjÆfofÌ A
,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd Ì ku vfÌ d ikuh esa iuius okyk ikSÌ k gS vkSj
vPNh Qly ds fy, Âsr
esa ikuh Òj dj jÂus dh vko;d’rk gksrh gSA u;s vuqlUÌ kuksa ls
fu"dÔZ fudyk gS fd ijEijkxr fofÌ esa ikSÌ ksa dh tM+ksa dks mfpr
ek=k esa gok ugha feyrhA blfy, vfÌ dkaÓ tM+sa ckfy;ksa ds
fudyus rd detksj gks tkrh gSa ftlls dÒh&dÒh Qly gok ls fxj tkrh
gS vkSj mRiknu de gks tkrk gSA ,lvkj-vkÃ- fof/k esa Âsr esa
ikuh ugha jgus ij feV~Vh esa ok;q dk lapkj gksus ls ikSÌ ksa dh
tM+ksa dh c<+ksÙkjhvfÌ d vPNh gksrh gS A blls lEiwÆZ ikSÌ s LoLÉ
jgrs gSa vkSj mudk vPNk fodkl gksrk gS ftldk Ì kuds mRiknu ij
ldkjkRed çÒko iM+rk gSA
bl u;h i)fr ls Ì ku ds ,d ikSÌ s esa de ls de 20 ls 25 ckfy;ka
vklkuh ls vk tkrh gSa
tcfd dà ikSÌ ksa esa 50 o mlls Òh vfÌ d ckfy;ka fudyrh gSaA bu
eq[; foÓsÔrkvksa ds dkjÆbl
i)fr ls Ì ku dh Âsrh djus ls mit c<+rh gS ftlls fdlkuksa ds ykÒ
esa o`f) gksrh gSA
bl ekxZ nfÓZdk }kjk ,l-vkj-vkÃ- ds fl)kUr ,ao fof/k ds ckjs
tkudkjh izLrqr dh tk jgh gSA
Ì ku lÄuhdjÆfofÌ ¼,l-vkj-vkÃ-½dk bfrgkl
,l- vkj- vkÃ- Ýkalhlh iknjh Qknj gsujh Ms ykMykuh }kjk 1980
ds n'kd dh 'kq:vkr esa
esMkxkLdj esa fodflr dh xÃA ftlesa 15 o"kksZa rd esMkxkLdj
esa bl fof/k ij tkap ,oa iz;ksx gq,A,l-vkj-vkbZ- dk fodkl fiNys
,d nÓd esa rsth ls 29 ns'kksa es gqvk gSA
,l-vkj-vkÃ- fofÌ ls Ì ku dh T;knk iSnkokj ds dkj.k
çfr ikSÌ k dYyksa dh la[;k T;knk A
ckfy;ksa dh T;knk yEckÃA
nkusa okyh ckfy;ksa dh la[;k T;knkA
izfr ckfy ]nkuksa dh la[;k T;knkA
izfr 100 nkuksa dk otu T;knkA
,l- vkj- vkÃ- rduhd ds ykHk
lkekU;r% ,d fdyksxzke pkoy dh iSnkokj esa yxÒx 5000 yhVj ikuh
dh vko';drk gksrh
gSA nsÓ esa ikuh dh deh ds dkjÆdÃjkT;ksa esa Ì ku dh Âsrh ds
Õs=Qy esa deh gks jgh gSA ;fn ,lvkj-vkÃ- fofÌ viukÃtkrh gS
rks ge orZeku esa Ì ku ds fy, bLrseky gks jgs ikuh ls flafpr
Õs= esa 50 çfrÓr dh c<+ksÙkjh dj ldrs gSaA blls Ì ku dh
iSnkokj esa Òh de ls de 50 çfrÓr dh vfrfjDr c<+ksÙkjh gksxhA
•• de cht dh vkoÓ;drk & bl fof/k
esa ikSÌ Ókyk esa cht ls cht dks
vfÌ d nwjh ij cks;k tkrk gS ftlls
cht dh Â[kir de gksrh gSA
• de ikuh dh vkoÓ;drk & bl fofÌ
esa [ksr esa ikuh Òjdj ugha
j[krsA [ksr dÒh lw[kk o dÒh ue
j[kukiM+rk gSA blfy, ikuh dh de
vkoÓ;drk
• de mez ds ikSÌ ksa dk jksiÆ&
8-12 fnu ds ikSÌ ksa dk jksiÆde
xgjkÃij fd;k tkrk gS ftlls
ikSÌ ksa esa tM+sa o u;s dYys
vfÌ d la[;k esa ,oa de le; esa
fudyrs gSa vkSj iSnkokj vfÌ d
gksrh gSA
• vf/kd nwjh ij ikS/k jksibZ & ikS/ks
ls ikS/ks dh nwjh de ls de 25 ls-eh-
¼vf/kdre 50 ls-eh-½ gksus ls lw;Z dk
çdk’k çR;sd ikS/ks rd vklkuh ls
igq¡prk gS ftlls ikS/ksa esa ikuh]
LFkku ,oa iks"k.k ds fy, çfrLi)kZ
ugha gksrhA ikSÌs dh tM+sa Bhd
<ax ls QSyrh gSa vkSj ikSÓs dks
T;knk iksÔd rRo çkIr gksrs gSa ftlls
ikS/ks l’kDr ,oa vf/kd mRiknu gksrk
gSAÂ
• [kjirokj dks feV~Vh esa
feykuk & ohMj dhenn ls fujkÃ
djus ij Â[kjirokj Â[kkn esa cny
tkrh gS ,oa ikS/ks ds fy, iks"k.k
dk dke djrh gSA bl çfØ;k ls
ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa esa gok dk
vkokxeu T;knk gksrk gS ftlls
tM+sa rsth ls QSyrh gSaA
• tSfod Â[kkn dk mi;ksx & tSfod
Â[kkn ds ç;ksx ls Òwfe esa gok
dk vkokxeu ,oa lw{e thok.kqvks
dh la[;k esa o`f) gksrh gS tks
dkcZfud inkFkksZ dks iks"kd
rRo esa cnyus esa enn djrs
gSa ftlls ikS/kksa dk fodkl vPNk
gksrk gSA
,l- vkj- vkÃ- ds fl)kUr
de cht dh vkoÓ;d rk & bl fofÌ esa
ikSÌ Ókyk esa
cht ls cht dks vfÌ d nwjh ij cks;k tkrk gS
ftlls
cht dh Âir de gksrh gSA
de ikuh dh vkoÓ;drk & bl fofÌ esa Âsr
esa ikuh
Òjdj ugha jÂrsA Âsr dÒh lwÂk o dÒh ue jÂuk
iM+rk gSA blfy, ikuh dh de vkoÓ;drk gksrh
gSA
de mez ds ikSÌ ksa dk jksiÆ& 8-12 fnu ds
ikSÌ ksa dk jksiÆ
de xgjkÃij fd;k tkrk gS ftlls ikSÌ ksa esa
tM+sa o u;s
dYys vfÌ d la[;k esa ,oa de le; esa fudyrs gSa vkSj
iSnkokj vfÌ d gksrh gSA
vfÌ d nwjh ij ikSÌ jksiÆ& ikSÌ s ls ikSÌ s
dh nwjh de ls
de 25 ls-eh- ¼vfÌ dre 50 ls-eh-½gksus ls
lw;Z dk çdkÓ
çR;sd ikSÌ s rd vklkuh ls igq¡ prk gS ftlls
ikSÌ ksa esa ikuh]
LÉku ,oa iksÔÆds fy, çfrLi)kZ ugha
gksrhA ikSÌ s dh tM+sa
Bhd <ax ls QSyrh gSa vkSj ikSÌ s dks T;knk iksÔd rRo çkIr
gksrs gSa ftlls ikSÌ s LoLÉ,oa vfÌ d mRiknu gksrk gSA
Âjirokj dks feV~Vh esa feykuk & ohMj dh enn ls fujkÃdjus
ij Âjirokj Âkn esa cnytkrh gS ,oa ikSÌ s ds fy, iksÔÆdk dke
djrhgSA bl çfØ;k ls ikSÌ ksa dh tM+ksa esa
gok dk
vkokxeu T;knk gksrk gS ftlls tM+sa rsth
ls
QSyrh gSaA
tSfod Âkn dk mi;ksx & tSfod Âkn ds
ç;ksxls Òwfe esa gok dk vkokxeu ,oa lw{e
thokÆqvksa dhla[;k esa o`f) gksrh gS tks
dkcZfud inkÉksZa dks iksÔÆesa cnyus esa enn djrs gSa ftlls
ikSÌ ksa dk fodkl
vPNk gksrk gSA
jksx o dhVksa dk tSfod
fu;a=Æ&
,l- vkj-vkÃ-fofÌ esa ikSÌ ksa
dk jksiÆvfÌ d nwjh ij djus ls
lw;Z dk çdkÓ o gok mfpr ek=k
esafeyrh gS ftlls jksx o
dhVksa dk çdksi de gksrk
gSA ;fn jksx o dhVksa dk çdksi gksrk gS rks tSfod i)fr }kjk
mldk funku fd;k tkrk gSA
,l- vkj- vkÃ- o ijEijkxr fofÌ dh rqyuk
,l- vkj- vkÃ- ijEijkxr fofÌ
ulZjh esa D;kjh cukdj vadqfjr
cht dk
fNM+dko fd;k tkrk gS o de ikuh
yxrk gSA
ulZjh esa lhÌ s cht dk fNM+dko
fd;k tkrk gS
o vfÌ d ikuh yxrk gSA
de cht dh vkoÓ;drk ¼çfr gS- 5
fd-xzk-½
gksrh gSA
vfÌ d cht dh vkoÓ;drk ¼çfr gS-
35 ls 40
fd-xzk-½gksrh gSA
8&12 fnu ds ikSÌ dk jksiÆfd;k
tkrk gSA
25&35 fnu ds ikSÌ dk jksiÆfd;k
tkrk gSA
ikSÌ s ls ikSÌ s o iafDr ls iafDr ikSÌ s ls ikSÌ s o iafDr ls iafDr
dh nwjh 10 bap
rd jÂrs gSaA
dh nwjh dksÃ
fufÓpr ugha gSA
Âsr dks Ì ku esa ckyh vkus rd
ckjh&ckjh ls
ue ,oa lwÂk jÂk tkrk gSA
blesa vfÌ dkaÓ le; ikuh Òjdj jÂrs
gSA
Âjirokj fu;a=ÆohMj eÓhu ds
}kjkA
Âjirokj fu;a=ÆgkÉls djrs
gSaA
de ikuh dh vkoÓ;d’rk ¼1&3 ls-
eh- ckfy;ka
fudyrs le;½A
vfÌ d ikuh dh vkoÓ;d rk
¼vfÌ dkaÓ le; 3-
5 ls-eh- ikuh Òjk jÂrs gSa½A
,l- vkj- vkÃ- ds pj.k
1- mfpr Òwfe dk p;u 2- Âsr dk leryhdjÆ3- Òwfe dh xqÆoÙkk esa
o`f) djuk
4- cht dk p;u 5- ulZjh dh rS;kjh 6- cht cqvkÃ
7- [ksr dh rS;kjh 8- ikSÌ jksiÆ9- [kjirokj fu;a=-k
10- flapkÃo ty çcUÌ u 11- dYyksa dk fudyuk 12- jksx o dhV çcUÌ u
13- dVkÃ
mfpr Òwfe dk p;u
bl fofÌ ds fy, vPNh ty fudkl okyh nkseV feV~Vh mi;qDr gksrh gSA
vEyh; o Õkjh; Òwfe
esa bldh Âsrh ugha djuh pkfg,A blds fy, mi;qDr ih- ,p- eku 5-5
ls 7-5 rd gSA Òkjh o dkyh feV~Vh okys Âsr esa ohMj pykus esa
ÉksM+h leL;k gksrh gSA
Âsr dk leryhdjÆ
Âsr dks iwÆZ :i ls lery fd;k tkuk t:jh gS rkfd iwjs Âsr esa ,d
leku flapkÃnh tk
lds vkSj dgha Òh vuko;d ikuh u tek gksA ;fn Âsr esa dgha T;knk
ikuh tek gksxk rks jksis x;s
ikSÌ s NksVs gksus ds dkjÆmuds ejus dh lEÒkouk c<+ tk,xh vkSj
tM+ksa dk fodkl vPNk ugha gksxk
ftlls çfr ikSÌ k dYyksa dh la[;k de gks tk;sxkA
Òwfe dh xqÆoÙkk esa o`f)
bl fofÌ esa tSfod rjhds ls Âsrh djus ij tksj fn;k tkrk gSA Òwfe
dh mRikndrk esa o`f) djus ds
rhu mik; uhps fn, x, gSa %
¼d½dEiksLV dh Âkn & vPNh lM+h gq;h Âkn 15 Vu çfr gSDVs;j ds
fglkc ls ¼8 Vªkyh çfr
gSDVs;j½Mkyuk vkoÓ;d gSA ;fn xkscj dh Âkn ds lkÉoehZ
dEiksLV] ukMsi dEiksLV ;fn miyCÌ gksrks nksuksa dks feykdj
mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A bldslkÉ iapxO; o ve`r ty dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk
gSA çÉe] f}rh; o r`rh; ohfMax ds iÓpkr iapxO; o ve`r ty dk ç;ksx
Øeokj djuk pkfg, ftlls Òwfe esa lw{e cSDVhfj;k dh la[;k esa o`f)
gksrh gS ftlls Òwfe dh mRikndrk vkSj
mRiknu esa o`f) gksrh gSA
¼Â½gjh Âkn & Âsr esa Ì ku dh jksikÃls nks ekg iwoZ Âsr dh
tqrkÃdjds luà ( Sunhemp ½] <sapk¼Sesbaniaa½dh cqvkÃdjuh
pkfg,A 35 ls 45 fnu iÓpkr] gjh Qly dks Âsr dh tqrkÃdjds feV~Vh
esa nck nsrs gSa ftlls Òwfe esa thokÆqvksa dh la[;k esa o`f)
gksrh gSA blls Òwfe esa ukbVªkstu fLÉjhdjÆdjus okys thokÆq
ok;q e.My ls ukbVªkstu ysdj tM+ksa esa laxzfgr dj ldrs gSaA
cht dk p;u
vPNs cht ds p;u gsrq cht dks pkSM+s eq¡ g okys crZu esa ikuh
esa Mkyk tkrk gSA tks cht Åij rSjrs gSa] mUgsa fudky nsrs
gSaA blds ckn ikuh esa 12&24 ÄaVs rd cht dks fHkxksdj
vadqj.k ds fy, 24 ls 48 ?kaVs rd VkV ds cksjs esa cka/k dj
jÂk tkrk gSA cksjh ij fnu esa rhu ckj ikuh dk fNM+dko fd;k
tkuk pkfg,A ;fn ekSle B.Mk gS rks gYdk xeZ ikuh dk mi;ksx djrs
gSaA tc cht ds Åijh fljs ij gYds lQsn jax ds vadqj fnÂk;h nsus
yxrs gSa rc cht D;kjh esa cksus ds fy, mi;qDr gksrk gSA
ulZZjh dh rSS;kjh
ulZjh cukus esa cgqr lkoÌ kuh cjruh pkfg,A bl fofÌ esa 8&12
fnu ds ikSÌ ksa dk jksiÆfd;k
tkrk gSA ,d gSDVs;j Ì ku ds Õs=Qy ds fy, 100 oxZehVj ulZjh Õs= o
5 fdyksxzke cht dh
vkoÓ;d’rk gksrh gSAulZjh ds D;kjh cukrs le; bl ckr dk /;ku
jÂuk pkfg, fd D;kjh Âsr ds e/; ;k dksus esa cukÃtk; tgk¡ ikSÌ k
jksiÆdjuk gSA D;kjh dh yEckbZ 125 ls-eh- ls T;knk ugha gksuh
pkfg;sA yEckbZ fLFkfr ds vuqlkj o cSM dh Å¡ pkbZ vk/kkj ry ls 6
bap gksuh pkfg;sA
1- izFke ijr & 1 bap xkscj dh vPNh [kkn
2- f}rh; ijr & 1-5 bap ckjhd feV~Vh
3- r`rh; ijr & 1 bap lM+h xkscj dh [kkn
4- pkSFkh ijr & 2-5 bap ckjhd feV~Vh
5- efYpax & 3&4 fnu rd
lÒh ijrksa dks vPNh rjg feyk nsuk pkfg,A bl i)fr ls ikSÌ ksa dh
tM+ksa dks fudyus esa vklkuh gksrh gSA
cht cqqvkÃ
ulZjh ds D;kjh esa vadqfjr cht dk fNM+dko djus ls igys pkj
Òkxksa esa ckaV fy;k tkrk gSA
çÉe Òkx ds cht dk fNM+dko nwj&nwj fd;k tkrk gSA cht ls cht
dh nwjh bruh gksrh gS fd mlesa ,d cht dk LÉku NwV tk;A
nwljs Òkx ds cht cksrs le; ftl txg de cht iM+rk gS] ogk¡ ij
nsÂdj cqvkÃfd;k tkuk pkfg,A
rhljk Òkx pkjksa fdukjksa ij Bhd <ax ls cksuk pkfg,A
pkSÉk Òkx] tgk¡ ij cht ugha gS] ogk¡ ij cks;k tkuk pkfg,A
cht pkj Òkxksa esa blfy, ckaVrs gSa fd bl fofÌ esa de cht
dh vkoÓ;d’rk gksrh gSA ikSÌ k jksiÆds le;,d&,d ikSÌ s dks
cht lfgr ulZjh esa vyx djds feV~Vh lfgr jksik tkrk gS blfy,
ulZjh esa cht cksrs le; cht ls cht dh mfpr nwjh jÂuh vkoÓ;d
gSA
cht cqvkÃds iÓpkr vPNk lM+k gqvk Âkn ;k Ì ku dk iqvky D;kjh ds
Åij iryh ijr esa fcNk nsuk pkfg,A cht dks lhÌ h Ì wi] fpfM+;ksa
vkSj phafV;ksa ls lqjÕk djuk pkfg,A tc nks ;k rhu fnu esa cht
vadqjÆgks tk; rks iqvky dks gVk nsuk pkfg, o lqcg&Óke çfrfnu
flapkÃdjuh pkfg,A flapkÃdjrs le; ;g lkoÌ kuh cjruh pkfg, fd cht
feV~Vh ds ckgj u fudy tk;A
Âsr dh rSS;kjh
bl fofÌ esa ijEijkxr fof/k ds leku gh [ksr dh rS;kjh dh tkrh gS]
ysfdu [ksr dks lery djuk vko';d gSA ikS/k jksi.k ds 12 ls 24
?kaVs iwoZ [ksr dh rS;kjh djds ,d ls rhu lseh-
ls T;knk ikuh [ksr esa ugha jÂuk pkfg,A
ekdZj
ikS/k jksi.k ls iwoZ Âsr esa ekdZj ls 10˜ 10 bap dh nwjh ij
fu'kku yxk fn;k tkrk gSA ikSÌ ksa ds
chp mfpr nwjh jÂus ds fy, fuÓku cukrs le; Óq: esa ,d jLlh yxkdj
lhÌ h ykbu cuk fy;k
tkrk gSA blls fuÓku cukus esa vklkuh gksrh gSAfuÓku yxkus dk
dk;Z ikSÌ jksiÆls 6 Ä.Vs iwoZ dj
ysuk pkfg,A
ikSSÌ jksiÆ
bl fofÌ esa 8&12 fnu ds ikS/ks dk jksi.k fd;k tkrk gS] tc ikS/ks
esa nks iÙkh fudy vk;sA ulZjh ls ikSÌ ksa dks fudkyrs le; bl ckr
dh lkoÌ kuh jÂuh pkfg, fd ikSÌ ksa ds rus o tM+ ds lkÉ
yxk cht u VwVs o ,d&,d ikSÌ k vklkuh ls vyx djuk pkfg,A ikSÌ k
jksiÆds le; gkÉds v¡ xwBs ,oa orZuh vaxqyh ¼Index Finger½dk
ç;ksx djuk pkfg,A
Âsr esa Mkys x;s fu'kku dh izR;sd pkSdM+h ij ,d ikS/kk jksik
tkuk pkfg,A ikSÌ jksiÆds le; ,d O;fDr dsoy Øeokj pkj iafDr;ksa
esa gh ikSÌ s jksirs gSaA ikSÌ jksiÆds vxys fnu gYdh flapkÃ
djuh pkfg,A
,d gSDVs;j esa ikSÌ jksiÆds fy, çÉe oÔZ 25&30 O;fDr;ksa dh
vkoÓ;drk gksrh gSA ckn ds
oÔksZa esa ikSÌ jksiÆds fy, bl fofÌ dk vH;Lr gks tkus ij ;g la[;k
de gks tkrh gSA
ikSÌ jksiÆgsrq lkoÌ kfu;ka
tM+ksa o cht dks uqdlku igq¡ pk;sa fcuk ikS/kk jksisaA
yxkus ds igys ,d&,d ikS/kk vyx dj ysaA
ulZjh ls fudkys ikS/ks dh fcuk feV~Vh /kks;s yxk;saA
/kku ds cht lfgr ikS/ks dks T;knk xgjkbZ ij jksiÆu djsaA
Âjirokj fu;a=Æ
ikS/k jksi.k ds i'pkr~ 10osa fnu esa ohMj pykuk pkfg,] nwljh
ckj 20osa fnu ij vkSj rhljh ckj
30osa fnu ohMj pykuk pkfg,A A D;ksfd ohMj pykus ls Âsr dh
feV~Vh iksyh gks tkrh gS vkSj mlesa gok dk vkokxeu T;knk
gksrk gSA blds vfrfjDr Âsrksa esa ikuh u Òjus nsus dh fLÉfr
esa Âjirokj mxus dks mi;qDr okrkojÆfeyrk gSA
ohMj eÓhu pykus ds ykÒ
Âjirokj dh jksdÉkeA
feV~Vh esa Âjirokj feykus ls gjh Âkn dhmiyCÌ rkA
ikSÌ ksa dh tM+ksa dks i;kZIr gok o ikSÌ ksa dksçdkÓ feyrk
gSA
feV~Vh esa thokÆqvksa dh fØ;k esa o`f)A
ikSÌ ksa dks vfÌ d ek=k esa iksÔÆfeyrk gSA
flapkÃ,oa ty çcUÌ u
flapkà dk vUrjky Òwfe ds çdkj ,oa oÔkZ ds vuqlkj r; djuk pkfg,A
tc tehu esa gYdh lh njkj fnÂk;h ns]rÒh flapkà djuh pkfg,A Âsr
esa ikSÌ jksiÆds ckn i;kZIr ueh cuh jgs] bruh flapkà djuh pkfg,
Âsr esa ikuh Òj dj jÂus dh vkoÓ;drk ugha gksrh gSA ohMj pykrs
le; 1&3 ls-eh ikuhdh vko';drk gksrh gSA ohMj eÓhu pykus ds ckn
Âsr dk ikuh] Âsr ls ckgj ugha fudkyuk pkfg,Ackfy;ka fudyus ls
ysdj nkus cuus rd 1 bap ikuh Òj dj 20&25 fnu rd jÂuk
pkfg,AdVkbZ ls 20&25 fnu iwoZ flapkbZ cUn dj nsuh pkfg;sA
dYyksa ¼Tillerss½dk fudyuk
18 ls 45 fnu ds chp /kku ds ikS/ks ls lcls T;knk dYys fudyrs
gSa D;ksafd bl le; ikS/kksa dks /kwi]gok o ikuh i;kZIr ek=k esa
feyrk gSA vuqÒoksa ds vkÌ kjij tgk¡ dsoy ,d ckj gh ohMj dk
mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS]ogk¡ ,d ikS/ks ls dYyksa dh la[;k 15&25 rd
çkIr gqà gSArhu ckj ohMj dk mi;ksx djus ij ,d ikS/ks ls vfÌ dre
80 rd Òh dYys fudyrs gS A
jksx o dhV çcUÌ u
bl fofÌ esa jksx o dhVksa dk çdksi çk;% de gksrk gS AD;ksafd
ikSÌ s ls ikSÌ s dh nwjh T;knk gksrh gS vkSj tSfod Âkn dk mi;ksx
fd;k tkrk gSA dhV çcUÌ u ds fy, çkd`frd rjhdksa o tSfod dhVukÓd
bLrseky fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
dVkbZ
tc ikS/kksa dh dVkbZ dh tkrh gS rks ikS/ks dk ruk gjk jgrk gS
tcfd ckfy;k¡ id tkrh gSaA ckfy;ksa dh yEckbZ o nkuksa dk otu
ijEijkxr fof/k dh vis{kk T;knk gksrk gSA ckfy;ksa esa [kkyh
nkuksa dh la[;kde gksrh gS rÉk nkus tYnh ugha >M+rsA
,l- vkj- vkÃ- rduhd }kjk lQyrkiwoZd Âsrh djus ds fy,
eq[; :i ls fuEu foUnqvksa ij /;ku nsuk t:jh
1- vEyh; o {kkjh; Hkwfe esa bldh [ksrh lQyrk iwodZ ugh dh tk
ldrh gSa A
2- [ksrh dk leryhdj-k djuk vko';d gSa A
3- LoLFk o iw-kZr% vadqfjr gksus okys cht gh ulZjh esa
cks;as A
4- ulZjh esa fujkbZ djuk vko';d gSa A
5- ty fudklh dk mfpr izcU/ku gksuk pkfg;s A
6- cht lfgr o fcuk feV~Vh /kks;s ikS/ks dk jksi.k djuk pkfg;sA
7- 8&12 fnu ds ikS/ksa dk jksi.k djuk vko';d gS A
8- fu'kku ds pkSdksj [kkus ij gh ikS/kkjksi.k djuk pkfg;s A
9- ekdZj ls fu'kku yxkus ls iwoZ [ksr esa 1-2 bap ls ikuh Hkjdj
NksM+ nsuk pkfg;s A
10- ikS/kkjksi.k ds ckn 10 fnu] 20 o 30osa fnu ohMj e'khu
pykuk vko';d gSA
11- ohMj e'khu pykus ds ckn ikS/ks ds vkl&ikl ykbZu esa ls
[kjirokj dks gkFk ls fudkyuk
12- ,d O;fDr dks pkj ykbZu ysdj gh ikS/kkjksi.k dk dk;Z djuk
pkfg,A
fcgkj ds 20 fdlkuksa ds vuqÒoksa ds vk/kkj ij ,l-vkj-
vkbZ- o ijEijkxr fof/k ds rqyukRed urhts
dz Ekkud ijEijkxr
fof/k
,l-vkj-vkÃ
1 IkkS/kksa dh
la[;k¼1oxZehVj½
35&40 16
tM+ dh yEckbZ 1& 2-5 bap 5-7 bap
dYyksa dh la[;k 2&7 65
ikS/ks dh
yEckbZ
32&34 bap 48 bap
ckyh dh vkSlr
yEckbZ
7&8 bap 10 bap
,d ckyh esa
nkuksa dh
la[;k
75 140
,d ikS/ks ds
nkuksa dk otu
15 xzke 20 xzke
vkSlr mRiknu 28&30fDo 80 fDo

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Sri booklets hindi

  • 1. Prepared By: Atul V. Singh & Sunil Jain Action For Social Advancement (ASA), Bhopal çLrkouk
  • 2. Òkjr nsÓ d`fÔ çÌ ku nsÓ gS tgk¡ dh 70%tula[;k dh vkthfodk d`fÔ ij vkÌ kfjr gSA ;gk¡ oÔkZ esa dkQh vlekurk gS vkSj T;knkrj Âsrh oÔkZ ij gh vkÌ kfjr gSA ÂjhQ ekSle esa Ì ku dh Âsrh çeq :i ls gksrh gS ftl ij d`Ôdksa dh vkthfodk ,d cM+h lhek rd vkÌ kfjr gSA Hkkjr esa /kku dh[ksrh 450 yk[k gSDVs- esa gkrh gSA blesa flafpr /kku dk Õs= 49-6 çfrÓr gSA Ì ku dh ijEijkxr Âsrh ds fy, ikuh dh vfÌ d vko’;drk gSA Ì ku ds Âsr esa ikuh 2&3 bap rd Òj dj jÂuk iM+rk gS ftlds fy, Òjiwj ikuh pkfg,A ;gk¡ Ì ku dk vkSlr mRiknu 20 ls 25 fDaoVy çfr gSDVs;j gS tks fd dkQh de gSA ikuh dh c<+rh ekax rÉk Òfo"; esa ikuh dh deh dks nsÂrs gq, Ì ku dh Âsrh dh ,d u;h fofÌ fodflr dh tk jgh gS tks fd fdlkuksa o nsÓ ds fy, dkQh mi;ksxh gSA bl fofÌ esa de cht o de ikuh ls vfÌ d mRiknu gksrk gSA flLVe vkWQ jkbl bUVsfUlfQdsÓu ¼,l-vkj-vkÃ-½;kfu Ì ku lÄuhdjÆfofÌ A ,slk ekuk tkrk gS fd Ì ku vfÌ d ikuh esa iuius okyk ikSÌ k gS vkSj vPNh Qly ds fy, Âsr esa ikuh Òj dj jÂus dh vko;d’rk gksrh gSA u;s vuqlUÌ kuksa ls fu"dÔZ fudyk gS fd ijEijkxr fofÌ esa ikSÌ ksa dh tM+ksa dks mfpr ek=k esa gok ugha feyrhA blfy, vfÌ dkaÓ tM+sa ckfy;ksa ds fudyus rd detksj gks tkrh gSa ftlls dÒh&dÒh Qly gok ls fxj tkrh gS vkSj mRiknu de gks tkrk gSA ,lvkj-vkÃ- fof/k esa Âsr esa ikuh ugha jgus ij feV~Vh esa ok;q dk lapkj gksus ls ikSÌ ksa dh tM+ksa dh c<+ksÙkjhvfÌ d vPNh gksrh gS A blls lEiwÆZ ikSÌ s LoLÉ jgrs gSa vkSj mudk vPNk fodkl gksrk gS ftldk Ì kuds mRiknu ij ldkjkRed çÒko iM+rk gSA bl u;h i)fr ls Ì ku ds ,d ikSÌ s esa de ls de 20 ls 25 ckfy;ka vklkuh ls vk tkrh gSa tcfd dà ikSÌ ksa esa 50 o mlls Òh vfÌ d ckfy;ka fudyrh gSaA bu eq[; foÓsÔrkvksa ds dkjÆbl i)fr ls Ì ku dh Âsrh djus ls mit c<+rh gS ftlls fdlkuksa ds ykÒ esa o`f) gksrh gSA bl ekxZ nfÓZdk }kjk ,l-vkj-vkÃ- ds fl)kUr ,ao fof/k ds ckjs tkudkjh izLrqr dh tk jgh gSA Ì ku lÄuhdjÆfofÌ ¼,l-vkj-vkÃ-½dk bfrgkl ,l- vkj- vkÃ- Ýkalhlh iknjh Qknj gsujh Ms ykMykuh }kjk 1980 ds n'kd dh 'kq:vkr esa
  • 3. esMkxkLdj esa fodflr dh xÃA ftlesa 15 o"kksZa rd esMkxkLdj esa bl fof/k ij tkap ,oa iz;ksx gq,A,l-vkj-vkbZ- dk fodkl fiNys ,d nÓd esa rsth ls 29 ns'kksa es gqvk gSA ,l-vkj-vkÃ- fofÌ ls Ì ku dh T;knk iSnkokj ds dkj.k çfr ikSÌ k dYyksa dh la[;k T;knk A ckfy;ksa dh T;knk yEckÃA nkusa okyh ckfy;ksa dh la[;k T;knkA izfr ckfy ]nkuksa dh la[;k T;knkA izfr 100 nkuksa dk otu T;knkA ,l- vkj- vkÃ- rduhd ds ykHk lkekU;r% ,d fdyksxzke pkoy dh iSnkokj esa yxÒx 5000 yhVj ikuh dh vko';drk gksrh gSA nsÓ esa ikuh dh deh ds dkjÆdÃjkT;ksa esa Ì ku dh Âsrh ds Õs=Qy esa deh gks jgh gSA ;fn ,lvkj-vkÃ- fofÌ viukÃtkrh gS rks ge orZeku esa Ì ku ds fy, bLrseky gks jgs ikuh ls flafpr Õs= esa 50 çfrÓr dh c<+ksÙkjh dj ldrs gSaA blls Ì ku dh iSnkokj esa Òh de ls de 50 çfrÓr dh vfrfjDr c<+ksÙkjh gksxhA •• de cht dh vkoÓ;drk & bl fof/k esa ikSÌ Ókyk esa cht ls cht dks vfÌ d nwjh ij cks;k tkrk gS ftlls cht dh Â[kir de gksrh gSA • de ikuh dh vkoÓ;drk & bl fofÌ esa [ksr esa ikuh Òjdj ugha j[krsA [ksr dÒh lw[kk o dÒh ue j[kukiM+rk gSA blfy, ikuh dh de vkoÓ;drk • de mez ds ikSÌ ksa dk jksiÆ& 8-12 fnu ds ikSÌ ksa dk jksiÆde xgjkÃij fd;k tkrk gS ftlls ikSÌ ksa esa tM+sa o u;s dYys vfÌ d la[;k esa ,oa de le; esa fudyrs gSa vkSj iSnkokj vfÌ d gksrh gSA • vf/kd nwjh ij ikS/k jksibZ & ikS/ks ls ikS/ks dh nwjh de ls de 25 ls-eh- ¼vf/kdre 50 ls-eh-½ gksus ls lw;Z dk çdk’k çR;sd ikS/ks rd vklkuh ls igq¡prk gS ftlls ikS/ksa esa ikuh] LFkku ,oa iks"k.k ds fy, çfrLi)kZ ugha gksrhA ikSÌs dh tM+sa Bhd <ax ls QSyrh gSa vkSj ikSÓs dks T;knk iksÔd rRo çkIr gksrs gSa ftlls ikS/ks l’kDr ,oa vf/kd mRiknu gksrk gSA • [kjirokj dks feV~Vh esa feykuk & ohMj dhenn ls fujkà djus ij Â[kjirokj Â[kkn esa cny tkrh gS ,oa ikS/ks ds fy, iks"k.k dk dke djrh gSA bl çfØ;k ls ikS/kksa dh tM+ksa esa gok dk vkokxeu T;knk gksrk gS ftlls tM+sa rsth ls QSyrh gSaA • tSfod Â[kkn dk mi;ksx & tSfod Â[kkn ds ç;ksx ls Òwfe esa gok dk vkokxeu ,oa lw{e thok.kqvks dh la[;k esa o`f) gksrh gS tks dkcZfud inkFkksZ dks iks"kd rRo esa cnyus esa enn djrs gSa ftlls ikS/kksa dk fodkl vPNk gksrk gSA
  • 4. ,l- vkj- vkÃ- ds fl)kUr de cht dh vkoÓ;d rk & bl fofÌ esa ikSÌ Ókyk esa cht ls cht dks vfÌ d nwjh ij cks;k tkrk gS ftlls cht dh Âir de gksrh gSA de ikuh dh vkoÓ;drk & bl fofÌ esa Âsr esa ikuh Òjdj ugha jÂrsA Âsr dÒh lwÂk o dÒh ue jÂuk iM+rk gSA blfy, ikuh dh de vkoÓ;drk gksrh gSA de mez ds ikSÌ ksa dk jksiÆ& 8-12 fnu ds ikSÌ ksa dk jksiÆ de xgjkÃij fd;k tkrk gS ftlls ikSÌ ksa esa tM+sa o u;s dYys vfÌ d la[;k esa ,oa de le; esa fudyrs gSa vkSj iSnkokj vfÌ d gksrh gSA vfÌ d nwjh ij ikSÌ jksiÆ& ikSÌ s ls ikSÌ s dh nwjh de ls de 25 ls-eh- ¼vfÌ dre 50 ls-eh-½gksus ls lw;Z dk çdkÓ çR;sd ikSÌ s rd vklkuh ls igq¡ prk gS ftlls ikSÌ ksa esa ikuh] LÉku ,oa iksÔÆds fy, çfrLi)kZ ugha gksrhA ikSÌ s dh tM+sa Bhd <ax ls QSyrh gSa vkSj ikSÌ s dks T;knk iksÔd rRo çkIr gksrs gSa ftlls ikSÌ s LoLÉ,oa vfÌ d mRiknu gksrk gSA
  • 5. Âjirokj dks feV~Vh esa feykuk & ohMj dh enn ls fujkÃdjus ij Âjirokj Âkn esa cnytkrh gS ,oa ikSÌ s ds fy, iksÔÆdk dke djrhgSA bl çfØ;k ls ikSÌ ksa dh tM+ksa esa gok dk vkokxeu T;knk gksrk gS ftlls tM+sa rsth ls QSyrh gSaA tSfod Âkn dk mi;ksx & tSfod Âkn ds ç;ksxls Òwfe esa gok dk vkokxeu ,oa lw{e thokÆqvksa dhla[;k esa o`f) gksrh gS tks dkcZfud inkÉksZa dks iksÔÆesa cnyus esa enn djrs gSa ftlls ikSÌ ksa dk fodkl vPNk gksrk gSA jksx o dhVksa dk tSfod fu;a=Æ& ,l- vkj-vkÃ-fofÌ esa ikSÌ ksa dk jksiÆvfÌ d nwjh ij djus ls lw;Z dk çdkÓ o gok mfpr ek=k esafeyrh gS ftlls jksx o dhVksa dk çdksi de gksrk gSA ;fn jksx o dhVksa dk çdksi gksrk gS rks tSfod i)fr }kjk mldk funku fd;k tkrk gSA ,l- vkj- vkÃ- o ijEijkxr fofÌ dh rqyuk ,l- vkj- vkÃ- ijEijkxr fofÌ ulZjh esa D;kjh cukdj vadqfjr cht dk fNM+dko fd;k tkrk gS o de ikuh yxrk gSA ulZjh esa lhÌ s cht dk fNM+dko fd;k tkrk gS o vfÌ d ikuh yxrk gSA de cht dh vkoÓ;drk ¼çfr gS- 5 fd-xzk-½ gksrh gSA vfÌ d cht dh vkoÓ;drk ¼çfr gS- 35 ls 40 fd-xzk-½gksrh gSA 8&12 fnu ds ikSÌ dk jksiÆfd;k tkrk gSA 25&35 fnu ds ikSÌ dk jksiÆfd;k tkrk gSA ikSÌ s ls ikSÌ s o iafDr ls iafDr ikSÌ s ls ikSÌ s o iafDr ls iafDr
  • 6. dh nwjh 10 bap rd jÂrs gSaA dh nwjh dksà fufÓpr ugha gSA Âsr dks Ì ku esa ckyh vkus rd ckjh&ckjh ls ue ,oa lwÂk jÂk tkrk gSA blesa vfÌ dkaÓ le; ikuh Òjdj jÂrs gSA Âjirokj fu;a=ÆohMj eÓhu ds }kjkA Âjirokj fu;a=ÆgkÉls djrs gSaA de ikuh dh vkoÓ;d’rk ¼1&3 ls- eh- ckfy;ka fudyrs le;½A vfÌ d ikuh dh vkoÓ;d rk ¼vfÌ dkaÓ le; 3- 5 ls-eh- ikuh Òjk jÂrs gSa½A ,l- vkj- vkÃ- ds pj.k 1- mfpr Òwfe dk p;u 2- Âsr dk leryhdjÆ3- Òwfe dh xqÆoÙkk esa o`f) djuk 4- cht dk p;u 5- ulZjh dh rS;kjh 6- cht cqvkà 7- [ksr dh rS;kjh 8- ikSÌ jksiÆ9- [kjirokj fu;a=-k 10- flapkÃo ty çcUÌ u 11- dYyksa dk fudyuk 12- jksx o dhV çcUÌ u 13- dVkà mfpr Òwfe dk p;u bl fofÌ ds fy, vPNh ty fudkl okyh nkseV feV~Vh mi;qDr gksrh gSA vEyh; o Õkjh; Òwfe esa bldh Âsrh ugha djuh pkfg,A blds fy, mi;qDr ih- ,p- eku 5-5 ls 7-5 rd gSA Òkjh o dkyh feV~Vh okys Âsr esa ohMj pykus esa ÉksM+h leL;k gksrh gSA Âsr dk leryhdjÆ Âsr dks iwÆZ :i ls lery fd;k tkuk t:jh gS rkfd iwjs Âsr esa ,d leku flapkÃnh tk lds vkSj dgha Òh vuko;d ikuh u tek gksA ;fn Âsr esa dgha T;knk ikuh tek gksxk rks jksis x;s ikSÌ s NksVs gksus ds dkjÆmuds ejus dh lEÒkouk c<+ tk,xh vkSj tM+ksa dk fodkl vPNk ugha gksxk ftlls çfr ikSÌ k dYyksa dh la[;k de gks tk;sxkA Òwfe dh xqÆoÙkk esa o`f) bl fofÌ esa tSfod rjhds ls Âsrh djus ij tksj fn;k tkrk gSA Òwfe dh mRikndrk esa o`f) djus ds rhu mik; uhps fn, x, gSa %
  • 7. ¼d½dEiksLV dh Âkn & vPNh lM+h gq;h Âkn 15 Vu çfr gSDVs;j ds fglkc ls ¼8 Vªkyh çfr gSDVs;j½Mkyuk vkoÓ;d gSA ;fn xkscj dh Âkn ds lkÉoehZ dEiksLV] ukMsi dEiksLV ;fn miyCÌ gksrks nksuksa dks feykdj mi;ksx djuk pkfg,A bldslkÉ iapxO; o ve`r ty dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA çÉe] f}rh; o r`rh; ohfMax ds iÓpkr iapxO; o ve`r ty dk ç;ksx Øeokj djuk pkfg, ftlls Òwfe esa lw{e cSDVhfj;k dh la[;k esa o`f) gksrh gS ftlls Òwfe dh mRikndrk vkSj mRiknu esa o`f) gksrh gSA ¼Â½gjh Âkn & Âsr esa Ì ku dh jksikÃls nks ekg iwoZ Âsr dh tqrkÃdjds luà ( Sunhemp ½] <sapk¼Sesbaniaa½dh cqvkÃdjuh pkfg,A 35 ls 45 fnu iÓpkr] gjh Qly dks Âsr dh tqrkÃdjds feV~Vh esa nck nsrs gSa ftlls Òwfe esa thokÆqvksa dh la[;k esa o`f) gksrh gSA blls Òwfe esa ukbVªkstu fLÉjhdjÆdjus okys thokÆq ok;q e.My ls ukbVªkstu ysdj tM+ksa esa laxzfgr dj ldrs gSaA cht dk p;u vPNs cht ds p;u gsrq cht dks pkSM+s eq¡ g okys crZu esa ikuh esa Mkyk tkrk gSA tks cht Åij rSjrs gSa] mUgsa fudky nsrs gSaA blds ckn ikuh esa 12&24 ÄaVs rd cht dks fHkxksdj vadqj.k ds fy, 24 ls 48 ?kaVs rd VkV ds cksjs esa cka/k dj jÂk tkrk gSA cksjh ij fnu esa rhu ckj ikuh dk fNM+dko fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;fn ekSle B.Mk gS rks gYdk xeZ ikuh dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA tc cht ds Åijh fljs ij gYds lQsn jax ds vadqj fnÂk;h nsus yxrs gSa rc cht D;kjh esa cksus ds fy, mi;qDr gksrk gSA ulZZjh dh rSS;kjh ulZjh cukus esa cgqr lkoÌ kuh cjruh pkfg,A bl fofÌ esa 8&12 fnu ds ikSÌ ksa dk jksiÆfd;k tkrk gSA ,d gSDVs;j Ì ku ds Õs=Qy ds fy, 100 oxZehVj ulZjh Õs= o 5 fdyksxzke cht dh vkoÓ;d’rk gksrh gSAulZjh ds D;kjh cukrs le; bl ckr dk /;ku jÂuk pkfg, fd D;kjh Âsr ds e/; ;k dksus esa cukÃtk; tgk¡ ikSÌ k jksiÆdjuk gSA D;kjh dh yEckbZ 125 ls-eh- ls T;knk ugha gksuh pkfg;sA yEckbZ fLFkfr ds vuqlkj o cSM dh Å¡ pkbZ vk/kkj ry ls 6 bap gksuh pkfg;sA 1- izFke ijr & 1 bap xkscj dh vPNh [kkn 2- f}rh; ijr & 1-5 bap ckjhd feV~Vh 3- r`rh; ijr & 1 bap lM+h xkscj dh [kkn 4- pkSFkh ijr & 2-5 bap ckjhd feV~Vh 5- efYpax & 3&4 fnu rd lÒh ijrksa dks vPNh rjg feyk nsuk pkfg,A bl i)fr ls ikSÌ ksa dh tM+ksa dks fudyus esa vklkuh gksrh gSA
  • 8. cht cqqvkà ulZjh ds D;kjh esa vadqfjr cht dk fNM+dko djus ls igys pkj Òkxksa esa ckaV fy;k tkrk gSA çÉe Òkx ds cht dk fNM+dko nwj&nwj fd;k tkrk gSA cht ls cht dh nwjh bruh gksrh gS fd mlesa ,d cht dk LÉku NwV tk;A nwljs Òkx ds cht cksrs le; ftl txg de cht iM+rk gS] ogk¡ ij nsÂdj cqvkÃfd;k tkuk pkfg,A rhljk Òkx pkjksa fdukjksa ij Bhd <ax ls cksuk pkfg,A pkSÉk Òkx] tgk¡ ij cht ugha gS] ogk¡ ij cks;k tkuk pkfg,A cht pkj Òkxksa esa blfy, ckaVrs gSa fd bl fofÌ esa de cht dh vkoÓ;d’rk gksrh gSA ikSÌ k jksiÆds le;,d&,d ikSÌ s dks cht lfgr ulZjh esa vyx djds feV~Vh lfgr jksik tkrk gS blfy, ulZjh esa cht cksrs le; cht ls cht dh mfpr nwjh jÂuh vkoÓ;d gSA cht cqvkÃds iÓpkr vPNk lM+k gqvk Âkn ;k Ì ku dk iqvky D;kjh ds Åij iryh ijr esa fcNk nsuk pkfg,A cht dks lhÌ h Ì wi] fpfM+;ksa vkSj phafV;ksa ls lqjÕk djuk pkfg,A tc nks ;k rhu fnu esa cht vadqjÆgks tk; rks iqvky dks gVk nsuk pkfg, o lqcg&Óke çfrfnu flapkÃdjuh pkfg,A flapkÃdjrs le; ;g lkoÌ kuh cjruh pkfg, fd cht feV~Vh ds ckgj u fudy tk;A Âsr dh rSS;kjh bl fofÌ esa ijEijkxr fof/k ds leku gh [ksr dh rS;kjh dh tkrh gS] ysfdu [ksr dks lery djuk vko';d gSA ikS/k jksi.k ds 12 ls 24 ?kaVs iwoZ [ksr dh rS;kjh djds ,d ls rhu lseh- ls T;knk ikuh [ksr esa ugha jÂuk pkfg,A ekdZj ikS/k jksi.k ls iwoZ Âsr esa ekdZj ls 10˜ 10 bap dh nwjh ij fu'kku yxk fn;k tkrk gSA ikSÌ ksa ds chp mfpr nwjh jÂus ds fy, fuÓku cukrs le; Óq: esa ,d jLlh yxkdj lhÌ h ykbu cuk fy;k tkrk gSA blls fuÓku cukus esa vklkuh gksrh gSAfuÓku yxkus dk dk;Z ikSÌ jksiÆls 6 Ä.Vs iwoZ dj ysuk pkfg,A ikSSÌ jksiÆ bl fofÌ esa 8&12 fnu ds ikS/ks dk jksi.k fd;k tkrk gS] tc ikS/ks esa nks iÙkh fudy vk;sA ulZjh ls ikSÌ ksa dks fudkyrs le; bl ckr dh lkoÌ kuh jÂuh pkfg, fd ikSÌ ksa ds rus o tM+ ds lkÉ yxk cht u VwVs o ,d&,d ikSÌ k vklkuh ls vyx djuk pkfg,A ikSÌ k jksiÆds le; gkÉds v¡ xwBs ,oa orZuh vaxqyh ¼Index Finger½dk ç;ksx djuk pkfg,A
  • 9. Âsr esa Mkys x;s fu'kku dh izR;sd pkSdM+h ij ,d ikS/kk jksik tkuk pkfg,A ikSÌ jksiÆds le; ,d O;fDr dsoy Øeokj pkj iafDr;ksa esa gh ikSÌ s jksirs gSaA ikSÌ jksiÆds vxys fnu gYdh flapkà djuh pkfg,A ,d gSDVs;j esa ikSÌ jksiÆds fy, çÉe oÔZ 25&30 O;fDr;ksa dh vkoÓ;drk gksrh gSA ckn ds oÔksZa esa ikSÌ jksiÆds fy, bl fofÌ dk vH;Lr gks tkus ij ;g la[;k de gks tkrh gSA ikSÌ jksiÆgsrq lkoÌ kfu;ka tM+ksa o cht dks uqdlku igq¡ pk;sa fcuk ikS/kk jksisaA yxkus ds igys ,d&,d ikS/kk vyx dj ysaA ulZjh ls fudkys ikS/ks dh fcuk feV~Vh /kks;s yxk;saA /kku ds cht lfgr ikS/ks dks T;knk xgjkbZ ij jksiÆu djsaA Âjirokj fu;a=Æ ikS/k jksi.k ds i'pkr~ 10osa fnu esa ohMj pykuk pkfg,] nwljh ckj 20osa fnu ij vkSj rhljh ckj 30osa fnu ohMj pykuk pkfg,A A D;ksfd ohMj pykus ls Âsr dh feV~Vh iksyh gks tkrh gS vkSj mlesa gok dk vkokxeu T;knk gksrk gSA blds vfrfjDr Âsrksa esa ikuh u Òjus nsus dh fLÉfr esa Âjirokj mxus dks mi;qDr okrkojÆfeyrk gSA ohMj eÓhu pykus ds ykÒ Âjirokj dh jksdÉkeA feV~Vh esa Âjirokj feykus ls gjh Âkn dhmiyCÌ rkA ikSÌ ksa dh tM+ksa dks i;kZIr gok o ikSÌ ksa dksçdkÓ feyrk gSA feV~Vh esa thokÆqvksa dh fØ;k esa o`f)A ikSÌ ksa dks vfÌ d ek=k esa iksÔÆfeyrk gSA flapkÃ,oa ty çcUÌ u flapkà dk vUrjky Òwfe ds çdkj ,oa oÔkZ ds vuqlkj r; djuk pkfg,A tc tehu esa gYdh lh njkj fnÂk;h ns]rÒh flapkà djuh pkfg,A Âsr esa ikSÌ jksiÆds ckn i;kZIr ueh cuh jgs] bruh flapkà djuh pkfg, Âsr esa ikuh Òj dj jÂus dh vkoÓ;drk ugha gksrh gSA ohMj pykrs le; 1&3 ls-eh ikuhdh vko';drk gksrh gSA ohMj eÓhu pykus ds ckn Âsr dk ikuh] Âsr ls ckgj ugha fudkyuk pkfg,Ackfy;ka fudyus ls ysdj nkus cuus rd 1 bap ikuh Òj dj 20&25 fnu rd jÂuk pkfg,AdVkbZ ls 20&25 fnu iwoZ flapkbZ cUn dj nsuh pkfg;sA dYyksa ¼Tillerss½dk fudyuk 18 ls 45 fnu ds chp /kku ds ikS/ks ls lcls T;knk dYys fudyrs gSa D;ksafd bl le; ikS/kksa dks /kwi]gok o ikuh i;kZIr ek=k esa feyrk gSA vuqÒoksa ds vkÌ kjij tgk¡ dsoy ,d ckj gh ohMj dk mi;ksx fd;k x;k gS]ogk¡ ,d ikS/ks ls dYyksa dh la[;k 15&25 rd
  • 10. çkIr gqà gSArhu ckj ohMj dk mi;ksx djus ij ,d ikS/ks ls vfÌ dre 80 rd Òh dYys fudyrs gS A jksx o dhV çcUÌ u bl fofÌ esa jksx o dhVksa dk çdksi çk;% de gksrk gS AD;ksafd ikSÌ s ls ikSÌ s dh nwjh T;knk gksrh gS vkSj tSfod Âkn dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA dhV çcUÌ u ds fy, çkd`frd rjhdksa o tSfod dhVukÓd bLrseky fd;k tkuk pkfg,A dVkbZ tc ikS/kksa dh dVkbZ dh tkrh gS rks ikS/ks dk ruk gjk jgrk gS tcfd ckfy;k¡ id tkrh gSaA ckfy;ksa dh yEckbZ o nkuksa dk otu ijEijkxr fof/k dh vis{kk T;knk gksrk gSA ckfy;ksa esa [kkyh nkuksa dh la[;kde gksrh gS rÉk nkus tYnh ugha >M+rsA ,l- vkj- vkÃ- rduhd }kjk lQyrkiwoZd Âsrh djus ds fy, eq[; :i ls fuEu foUnqvksa ij /;ku nsuk t:jh 1- vEyh; o {kkjh; Hkwfe esa bldh [ksrh lQyrk iwodZ ugh dh tk ldrh gSa A 2- [ksrh dk leryhdj-k djuk vko';d gSa A 3- LoLFk o iw-kZr% vadqfjr gksus okys cht gh ulZjh esa cks;as A 4- ulZjh esa fujkbZ djuk vko';d gSa A 5- ty fudklh dk mfpr izcU/ku gksuk pkfg;s A 6- cht lfgr o fcuk feV~Vh /kks;s ikS/ks dk jksi.k djuk pkfg;sA 7- 8&12 fnu ds ikS/ksa dk jksi.k djuk vko';d gS A 8- fu'kku ds pkSdksj [kkus ij gh ikS/kkjksi.k djuk pkfg;s A 9- ekdZj ls fu'kku yxkus ls iwoZ [ksr esa 1-2 bap ls ikuh Hkjdj NksM+ nsuk pkfg;s A 10- ikS/kkjksi.k ds ckn 10 fnu] 20 o 30osa fnu ohMj e'khu pykuk vko';d gSA 11- ohMj e'khu pykus ds ckn ikS/ks ds vkl&ikl ykbZu esa ls [kjirokj dks gkFk ls fudkyuk 12- ,d O;fDr dks pkj ykbZu ysdj gh ikS/kkjksi.k dk dk;Z djuk pkfg,A fcgkj ds 20 fdlkuksa ds vuqÒoksa ds vk/kkj ij ,l-vkj- vkbZ- o ijEijkxr fof/k ds rqyukRed urhts dz Ekkud ijEijkxr fof/k ,l-vkj-vkÃ
  • 11. 1 IkkS/kksa dh la[;k¼1oxZehVj½ 35&40 16 tM+ dh yEckbZ 1& 2-5 bap 5-7 bap dYyksa dh la[;k 2&7 65 ikS/ks dh yEckbZ 32&34 bap 48 bap ckyh dh vkSlr yEckbZ 7&8 bap 10 bap ,d ckyh esa nkuksa dh la[;k 75 140 ,d ikS/ks ds nkuksa dk otu 15 xzke 20 xzke vkSlr mRiknu 28&30fDo 80 fDo