Sujata Sahu Msc Tutor

2. PRESENTED BY :-
SUJATA SAHU
VITAL STATISTICS RELATED TO
MATERNAL HEALTH

3. INTRODUCTION
The process of maintaining vital statistics is a
purposefull mechanism of collecting, processing,
analyzing and transmitting the information required for
organizing and operating health services and also for
research and training .

4. DEFINITION
• Vital statistics are conventionally numerical records of
marriage , birth , sickness and death by which the health
and growth of community may be studied.
• It is a branch of biometry that deals with data and law of
human mortality , morbidity and demography.

5. PURPOSE
• To describe the level of community health , diagnose
community illness and solution of health problems.
• To determine success or failure of specific health
problems.
• To promote health legislation at local and national level.
• To develop policies and procedure at state and center
level.

6. IMPORTANCEOF VITAL STATISTICS
•To evaluate impact of various national health prog.
•To plan for better future measures of disease
control.
•To explain hereditary nature of disease.
•To evaluate economic and social
development.
•It is primary tool of research activity.

7. POINTS OF VITAL STATISTICS
• Maternal mortality rate
• Maternal morbidity rate
• Perinatal mortality ,morbidity rate
• Neonatal mortality , morbidity rate
• Post neonatal mortality , morbidity rate
• Infant mortality ,morbidity rate
• 1-4 year child mortality ,morbidity rate
• Under 5 yr. mortality ,morbidity rate

8. MATERNAL MORTALITYRATE
Total no. of female death due to complication of
pregnancy or within 42 days
of delivery from puerperal causes
Total no of live birth in same
100
year.

9. CAUSESOF MATERNAL
MORTALITY
Category
obstetric Non obstetrics
*Abortion
*Pre eclampsia*Eclampsia
* APH
*Postpartum hemorrhage
Anaemia
Cardiac disease
Renal ,hepatic infectious &
metabolic
Malignancy
accidents

10. SOCIAL FACTORS
• Age
• Parity
• Malnutrition
• Illiteracy
• poverty
• Low Socio Economic Status
• Lack Of Maternity Services
• Shortage Of Health Man Power
• Delivery By Untrained Dais
• Poor communication and transport facilities

11. MATERNAL MORBIDITYRATE
• IT is overarching term that refers to any
physical or mental illness or disability
directly related to pregnancy and or child birth is not necessary for
life threatening
Parameters of maternal morbidity
Fever>100.4ºf or 38ºc
BP>140/90mmhg
Symptomatic bacteriuria of
pregnancy
Hb<10.5%
Recurrent vaginal bleeding

12. MATERNAL MORBIDITYRATE
• IT is overarching term that refers to any
physical or mental illness or disability
directly related to pregnancy and or child birth is not necessary for
life threatening
APH,PPH
Eclampsia
Obstructed labour
Rupture of uterus
Sepsis
Ectopic pregnancy
Anaemia
Malaria
Hepatitis
TB
Anaemia
Direct Cause In Direct Cause
U.V.F,V.V.F
Dyspareunia
Prolapse
Secondry infertility
Temporary Permanent

13. PREVENTIVEMEASURES OFMATERNAL
MORBIDITY & MORTALITY
• Early registration of pregnancy.
• At least 3 antenatal check ups .
• Dietary supplementation including correct anemia.
• Clean and aseptic delivery practices .
• Prevention of complications
• Eg. Preeclampsia and malpresentation , ruptured uterus.
• Prevention of infection and hemorrhage.
• Treatment of medical conditions.

14. CONT.
*Institutional deliveries for womans .
*Promotion of family planning.
*Identification of every maternal death and
search its cause.

15. PERINATAL MORTALITY
Late fetal death (28 weeks of
gestation )
Early neonate death (1ST Week )in year
Live birthin the same year
1000

16. CAUSES OF PERINATAL MORTALITY
ANTENATAL INTRANATAL POSTNATAL UNKNOWN
• MATERNAL
DISEASE
• PELVIC
DISEASE
• ANATOMICAL
DEFECT
• MAL
NUTRITION
• TOXEMIA OF
PREGNANCY
*BIRTH
INJURY
• ASPHYXIA
• PROLONGED
LABOR
• OBSTETRIC
COMPLICATION
*PREMATURITY
• RESPIRATORY
DISTRESS
SYNDROM ME
• INFECTION ON
RESPIRATO

17. MEASURESOFREDUCE PRENATALMORTALITY
• Need to educate community about age of marriage.
• Adequate immunization ,prevention of HIV infection,
avoidance of drug abuse. o
• Proper nutrition to mother.
• In antenatal period optimum care of mother and need to seek
medical advice in emergency
• In intra natal period use aseptic techniques by skilled
person ,safe delivery ,control infection and complications .
• Genetic counselling in early pregnancy in susceptible cases
& termination of pregnancy accordingly.

18. NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE
No. of deaths of neonates
under 28 days of age in year
Total live births in the same
year
CAUSES= Low birth weight
* Birth injury and difficult labor
* Congenital anomalies
* Hemolytic disease of newborn
* Prematurity
* Diarrhoeal disease
1000

19. • SEPSIS
• FETAL DISTRESS
• BIRTH ASPHYXIA AND TETANUS
• CONDITION OF PLACENTA AND CORD
• HEMOLYTIC DISEASE
• ARI
CONT…

20. POST- NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE
No. of deaths of neonates between 28 days
& 1 year in a given year of age in year
Total live births in the same year
CAUSES
• diarrhoea
• Other Communicable disease
• Accidents
• Malnutrion
• Congenital anomalies
1000

21. INFANT MORTALITY RATE
No. of death under 1 year of age
Total live birth in same year
1000

22. FACTORSAFFECTINGINFANTMORTALITYRATE
There are three factors include
(1)BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
• Birth weight
• Age of mother
• Birth spacing
• Multiple birth
• Family size
• High fertility

23. CONT…..
(2) ECONOMICAL FACTORS
Statistics reveal that IMR are highest in the slum & lowest in richer
residential localities
(2) SOCIO CULTUAL FACTORS
• Breast feeding
• Religion and caste
• Early marriage
• Sex of child
• Maternal education
• Quality of health care and mother care

24. PREVENTIVE MEASURE
• Perinatal nutrition
• Prevention of infection
• Breast feeding
• Growth monitoring
• Family planning
• Sanitation
• Provision of primary health care .
• Socio economic development .

25. No. of death of children
aged 1- 4 year in a given year
Nu of live birth in the same year
1000
UNDER5YEAR MORTALITYRATE

26. CAUSES
Communicable disease like
• Diarrhoea,
• Measles ,
• Whooping,
• Cough,
• Diphtheria, ARI ,malnutrition .
• Accidents
• Congenital anomalies
• Malignant neoplasm
• Pneumonia, Death

27. PREVENTIVE MEASURES
• Pre natal nutrition and routine check ups .
• Prevention of infection and aseptic techniques.
• Breast feeding
• Family planning
• Sanitation
• PHC and immunization
• Socio economic development
• National health programme

28. FERTILITYRATE
•General fertility rate = no. of live birth per 1000 women in
the reproductive age group (15-49) in a given year .
•General marital fertility rate =
No. of live birth per 1000 married women in the reproductive
age group (15 -49) in a given year .