Slideshow that pertains to the impact of Alcohol on Health

1. Steven G. Pasayan, MD, MHA
Group 8-Reporter

2. Alcohol and its Effects on the Brain
 Alcohol can produce detectable impairments in
memory after only a few drinks and, as the amount
of alcohol increases, so does the degree of
impairment.
 Large quantities of alcohol, especially when
consumed quickly and on an empty stomach, can
produce a blackout, or an interval of time for which
the intoxicated person cannot recall key details of
events, or even entire events.

3. Brain Damage with
Chronic Alcohol Use Disorder
 The symptoms of Wernicke’s encephalopathy include
mental confusion, paralysis of the nerves that move the
eyes (i.e., oculomotor disturbances), and difficulty with
muscle coordination.
 Thiamine deficiency (B1)
 meat and poultry; whole grain cereals; nuts; and
dried beans, peas, and soybeans.
 Korsakoff’s psychosis-a chronic and debilitating
syndrome characterized by persistent learning and
memory problems (can’t remember past events or
create new memories)

4. Schematic Drawing of the Human
Brain:
regions vulnerable to alcoholism-related
abnormalities
The brain stem controls basic functions
critical to life, such as heart rate,
breathing, and sleeping.
The limbic system contains the brain’s
reward circuit—it links together a number of
brain structures that control and regulate
our ability to feel pleasure
The cerebral cortex is divided into areas that
control specific functions.

5. Damage
 Drinking a lot over a long time or too much on a single
occasion can damage the body, causing problems
including
 Cardiomyopathy –
Stretching and drooping
of heart muscle
 Arrhythmias – Irregular
heart beat
 Stroke
 High blood pressure
 Steatosis, or fatty liver
 Alcoholic hepatitis
 Fibrosis
 Cirrhosis
HEART LIVER

6. PANCREAS IMMUNE SYSTEM
 Weaken your immune system,
making your body a much
easier target for disease.
 Chronic drinkers are at risk for
pneumonia and tuberculosis
than non drinkers.
 Drinking a lot on a single
occasion slows your body’s
ability to ward off infections –
even up to 24 hours after
getting drunk.
 Pancreatitis = a
dangerous inflammation
and swelling of the blood
vessels in the pancreas
that prevents proper
digestion.

7. Increase Risk of Developing
Certain Cancers
 Mouth
 Esophagus
 Throat
 Liver
 Breast

8. Exercise as a Useful Intervention to Reduce Alcohol
Consumption and Improve Physical Fitness in Individuals
With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and
Meta-Analysis
Objective
This meta-analysis and
systematic review
examined the effects of
exercise interventions
on alcohol
consumption and
binge drinking in
individuals with
alcohol use disorder
(AUD).
Data Sources
PubMed, Web of Science,
Google Scholar,
SPORTDiscus, and ERIC
databases.

9.  Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria:
Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials published in
English between 1970 and 2021.
 All studies compared exercise (Ex) and treatment as
usual (TAU) to TAU in adults with an alcohol-related
diagnosis.
 All forms of exercise interventions were included (e.g.,
aerobic exercise, yoga, resistance exercise, etc.).

10. Results: The literature searches retrieved a combined 2527 studies,
with 1,034 studies screened after removal of duplicates and 973
(94%) rejected after reviewing titles and abstracts.
Full-text review was performed on 61 studies, with seven studies
meeting inclusion criteria for qualitative and meta-analysis.
Across seven studies (n = 492 participants), a significant effect (Z-
value = −3.37; g = −0.30; 95% CI [−0.50—−0.09]; p = 0.001) was
found for Ex+TAU on drinking volume.
There was no effect of Ex+TAU on binge drinking.
The effect of Ex+TAU on physical fitness (VO2max, ml•kg−1•min−1)
was significant (Z-score = 3.70; g = 0.64; 95% CI [0.19–1.08]; p <
0.001).

11.  Conclusion
Exercise interventions may decrease alcohol
consumption and improve fitness and can be an effective
adjunctive treatment for individuals with alcohol-related
diagnoses including AUD.

12. Cannabis Use
 Most commonly used illicit drug in the US
 Subjective “high”
 Carcinogens present in all smokes

13. THE IMPACT OF CANNABIS USE ON
HEALTH
Cannabis And Physical Health
 Increased risk of heart attack
 Expand blood vessels in eyes
 Increased blood pressure and heart rate
 Breathing problems
 Problems with child development
 Relax and enlarge breathing passages
 Short and long term effects on the brain
 Impaired body movements

14. Cannabis And Mental Health
 Altered senses and sense of time
 Anxiety
 Mood changes
 Depression
 Difficulty with thinking and problem solving
 Impaired memory
 Suicidal thoughts
 Reduced life satisfaction

15. STIMULANTS
Increase alertness, attention and energy
Elevate blood pressure, heart rate & respiration
Examples
 Amphetamines
 Methamphetamines
 Cocaine
 Caffeine (most common stimulant used daily)

16. OPIOIDS
 116 deaths daily from overdoses
 Drowsiness, confusion, euphoria, nausea,
reduced pain
 Examples
 Morphine
 Heroin
 Fentanyl
 Codeine
 Oxycodone

17.  Frates B, Bonnet JP, Joseph R, Peterson JA. Substance
Abuse. In: Frates B, ed. Lifestyle Medicine Handbook:
An Introduction to the Power of Healthy Habits.
Monterey, CA: Healthy Learning; 2021:417.