1. TATYASAHEB KORE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
AND TECHNOLOGY WARANANAGAR
Department Of Mechanical Engg.
Presentation on Arduino System
M. V. Jadhav
2. Mechatronics, also called mechatronics engineering, is an interdisciplinary branch of engineering
that focuses on the integration of mechanical , electrical and electronic engineering systems , and
also includes a combination of robotics , electronics, computer science , telecommunications ,
systems control , and product engineering
MECHATRONICS
Mechatronics has been established since 1990’s as a multidisciplinary Engineering dealing with
the complexity nature of modern systems. As shown in Fig.1 Mechatronics is understood as a
fusion of the disciplines Mechanics, Electronics, Electric Engineering, Control, Measurement, and
Computer Science.
A mechatronics system is, indeed, composed of mechanical parts, electric devices, electronics
components, sensors, hardware and it is operated and controlled under the supervisions and
commands that are programmed through suitable software.
3. MICROPROCESSOR
Microprocessor is a controlling unit of a micro-computer, fabricated on a small chip capable of
performing ALU (Arithmetic Logical Unit) operations and communicating with the other devices
connected to it.
Microprocessor consists of an ALU, register array, and a control unit. ALU performs arithmetical
and logical operations on the data received from the memory or an input device. Register array
consists of registers identified by letters like B, C, D, E, H, L and accumulator. The control unit
controls the flow of data and instructions within the computer.
MICROCONTROLLER
A microcontroller is a small and low-cost
microcomputer, which is designed to perform
the specific tasks of embedded systems like
displaying microwave’s information, receiving
remote signals, etc. The general microcontroller
consists of the processor, the memory (RAM,
ROM, EPROM), Serial ports, peripherals
(timers, counters), etc.
4. Construction -
Types of Microcontroller -
• CPU
• Memory
• Input and Output ports
• Serial Ports
• Timers
• ADC (Analog to Digital Converter)
• Control Interpretation
• Block with Special Functions
5. Uses Of Microcontroller -
1. Consumer Electronics Products:
Toys, Cameras, Robots, Washing Machine, Microwave Ovens etc.
2. Instrumentation and Process Control:
Oscilloscopes, Multi-meter, Leakage Current Tester, Data Acquisition and Control etc.
3. Medical Instruments:
ECG Machine, Accu-Check etc.
4. Communication:
Cell Phones, Telephone Sets, Answering Machines etc.
5. Office Equipment:
Fax, Printers etc.
6. Multimedia Application:
Mp3 Player, PDAs etc.
7. Automobile:
Speedometer, Auto-breaking system etc.
6. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANALOG PIN AND DIGITAL PIN
DigitalRead() works on all pins on Arduino UNO. digitalRead() will simply round the
analog value received and present it to you. digitalWrite() has allowed parameter 0 or 1.
analogRead() works only with analog pins. It can accept any value between 0 and 1023.
The analog pins let you read/write analog values – basically, instead of giving out a
voltage of 0 or 5 (that is for digital pins), analog pins can give a range of voltages
between 0 and 5, we can measure that output with a multimeter. Analog pins actually
send pulses of 0V and 5V signals to get an output that feels analog (that is PWM). PWM
is like pseudo-analog signal.
So when we need 0 or 1 as response, using digitalRead() is practical. Whereas, to read
sensor values, analogRead() is practical. analogWrite() works on all analog pins and all
digital PWM pins. You can supply it any value between 0 and 255. Taking pin A1 as
example, if analogRead(A1) is greater than or equal to 512, then digitalRead(A1) will be
1, otherwise it will be 0. digitalWrite(A0,0) is the same as analogWrite(A0,0), and
digitalWrite(A0,1) is the same as analogWrite(A0,255). So, digitalRead() will return HIGH
or LOW. analogRead() will returns any number from 0-1023.
7. Analogue reads are usually very slow, but fairly precise. Pin A0-A5 are labelled Analog IN.
This is primarily because these pins are used as input pins. They take inputs in the form of
Analog signals, and return values between 0 and 1023. Arduino UNO has a 10 bit Analog
to Digital converter to do that job.
An Analog to Digital converter works roughly in three stages – sampling, quantization and
digitization. Arduino operates on a 0–5 volts range, it is 5/1023=0.00488volts or 4.88mV.
In this way, a 4.88 mV input is 1, a 9.77 mV input is 2 and at end 5 V input is 1023. Below
4.88 mV is 0. Above 5 V can be risky for the board.
8. /*
AnalogReadSerial
Reads an analog input on pin 0, prints the result to the Serial Monitor. Graphical
representation is available using Serial Plotter (Tools > Serial Plotter menu). Attach the
center pin of a potentiometer to pin A0, and the outside pins to +5V and ground.
This example code is in the public domain.
https://www.arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/BuiltInExamples/AnalogReadSerial
*/
// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:void setup() {
// initialize serial communication at 9600 bits per second: Serial.begin(9600);
}
// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
// read the input on analog pin 0:
int sensorValue = analogRead(A0);
// print out the value you read:
Serial.println(sensorValue);
delay(1); // delay in between reads for stability
}
Sample Programe
9. • Arduino IDE is an open-source software, designed by Arduino.cc and mainly used for writing,
compiling & uploading code to almost all Arduino Modules.
• It is an official Arduino software, making code compilation too easy that even a common
person with no prior technical knowledge can get their feet wet with the learning process.
• It is available for all operating systems i.e. MAC, Windows, Linux and runs on the Java
Platform that comes with inbuilt functions and commands that play a vital role in debugging,
editing and compiling the code.
• A range of Arduino modules available including Arduino Uno, Arduino Mega, Arduino
Leonardo, Arduino Micro and many more.
• Each of them contains a microcontroller on the board that is actually programmed and
accepts the information in the form of code.
• The main code, also known as a sketch, created on the IDE platform will ultimately generate a
Hex File which is then transferred and uploaded in the controller on the board.
• The IDE environment mainly contains two basic parts: Editor and Compiler where former is
used for writing the required code and later is used for compiling and uploading the code into
the given Arduino Module.
• This environment supports both C and C++ languages.
IDE
10. Arduino boards are quite easy to operate microcontrollers for beginners as well as on the
industrial level. The Arduino microcontrollers can take input from different devices then
perform some specific tasks according to the program, after which they can deliver the
output.
There are many input devices that can be interfaced with Arduino but in this write-up, we will
discuss only those input devices which are most commonly used in almost every Arduino
project.
The keypad modules are also considered as the input devices which can be interfaced with
the Arduino boards. The keypad modules contain the buttons just like a keyboard of a
computer and can be used to insert different ASCII numbers. With the help of a keypad, we
can take the input and perform a calculation. Inputs are often simple components such as
push-buttons, switches, and dials. Users can utilize LEDs as simple output devices. This
how-to article covers the basics of connecting these simple physical components on
an Arduino. Blinking or color changing lights are among the most common devices used for
communicating information to a user.
ARDUINO INTERFACING DEVICES
Input Devices -
11. The Arduino output devices are the devices that take instructions from the Arduino
and provide output in human readable form. The concept of output device can be
understood by an example that if an appliance works on the values coming from
the sensor so the appliance will be an output device and the sensor will be an input
device. There are a number of output devices that we can interface with Arduino
microcontrollers. So we have listed some of the output devices that can be used
with Arduino.
•LEDs
•Motors
•Liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
•Relays
•Seven segment displays
•Speaker and buzzer
Output Devices
12. DIFFERENT ARDUINO BASED ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING PROJECTS
Path Planner Robot for Indoor Positioning
Car Accident & Alcohol Detector & Recorder Blackbox
IOT Weather Reporting System using Adruino and Ras Pi
Motorized Solar Scarecrow Bird Animal Repellent
Arduino Stepper Motor Controller
Portable PM10 PM2.5 Pollution Analyzer
A4 Slot Coin Operated Cola Vending Machine
Advanced Mosquito Killer Machine
Portable Induction Cooktop With Time/Temp Settings
Barcode Scanner & Display using Arduino
Gesture Control Bicycle Indicator Gloves
Wireless Master Joystick Controller for Robotics
Automatic Noise Level Monitor & Controller System
Automatic Coil Winding Machine
Automatic Hydroponic Plant Grow Pot
Gesture Control Bluetooth Speaker
Rain Sensing Hands Free Umbrella Bag
LIDAR Micro Done With Proximity Sensing
IOT Syringe Infusion Pump
Programmable Robotic Arm Using Arduino
IOT Virtual Doctor Robot
13. ETHERNET
Ethernet is the traditional technology for connecting devices in a wired local area network
( LAN) or wide area network (WAN). It enables devices to communicate with each other via a
protocol, which is a set of rules or common network language.There are 3 types of Ethernet -
Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and Switched Ethernet.
Ethernet is used to connect devices in the network and is still a popular form of network
connection. For local networks used by specific organizations (such as corporate offices,
school campuses, and hospitals), Ethernet is used for its high speed, security, and reliability.
Ethernet was initially popular because of its low price.
.
The Arduino Ethernet is a microcontroller board based on
the ATmega328. It has 14 digital input/output pins, 6
analog inputs, a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a RJ45
connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset
button. NB: Pins 10, 11, 12 and 13 are reserved for
interfacing with the Ethernet module and should not be
used otherwise. The ethernet shield connects to an
Arduino board using long wire-wrap headers which extend
through the shield. This keeps the pin layout intact and
allows another shield to be stacked on top. The most
recent revision of the board exposes the 1.0 pinout on rev
3 of the Arduino UNO board.
14. SENSORS USED IN ARDUINO SYSTEM
An open-source platform based on electronics built with easy to use and replace hardware
where Arduino boards read the inputs with the help of sensors and display the output by
activating the motor with the help of software incorporated in the sensors where the user can
write and use the code to upload it in the physical board and it runs on the system with the
help of IDE are called Arduino sensors.
List of Arduino Sensors
• Flame IR Sensors
• Photoresistor Sensor
• Soil Moisture Sensor
• Speed Sensor
• Microphone Sensor
• Passive Buzzer Sensor
• Digital Thermal Sensor
• MQ-2 Gas Sensor
• SW-20 Motion Sensor
• Rotary Encoder Sensor
• Temperature and Humidity Sensor
• Ultrasonic distance sensor
• Sound sensor
15. • REFERENCES
• Kanetkar Book
• D.S.Kumar Book
• https://thecustomizewindows.com/
• https://www.arduino.cc/
• https://arduinogetstarted.com/
• https://startingelectronics.com/
• https://techcommunity.microsoft.com/
