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Biološki napadi
JU Medicinska škola Banja Luka
Predmet: Epidemiologija (teorija)
Profesor: dr Sonja Pralica
Razred i smijer: II6, laboratorijsko-sanitarni tehničar
Broj časa: 36.
Biološki napad/rat
 Biološki napad podrazumijeva upotrebu patogenih mikroorganizama za
vještačko izazivanje zarazne bolesti ljudi i životinja, s ciljem da se oslabi
ratni potencijal protivnika
 Biološki rat nije dozvoljen ni pod kakvim uslovima i smatra se zločinom protiv
čovječanstva
Vrste biološkog napada
 Prema ciljevima, može biti:
 Strateški, obuhvata teritoriju čitave države istovremeno
 Taktički, čiji je domet ograničen (npr. vojni ciljevi)
 Prema organizaciji:
 Otvoreni, gdje se napadač može dokazati
 Tajni, koji se ne može sa sigurnošću dokazati
 Prema vremenu izvođenja:
 U toku priprema za sukob
 U toku rata
Biološko oružje
 Da bi mikroorganizam bio korišten kao biološko oružje, mora imati sljedeće
karakteristike:
 Da se proizvodi lako i u velikim količinama
 Da se lako širi i ima veliku zaraznost
 Da ima visoku virulenciju
 Da je otporan u spoljašnjoj sredini
 Da može ući na više načina u organizam
 Da se može razmnožavati
 Da je populacija na njega osjetljiva
 Da se teško otkriva
 Da se napadač može zaštititi
Biološko oružje
 Biološki agensi mogu biti:
 Letalni, izazivaju masovno obolijevanje sa visokom stopom letaliteta
 Onesposobljavajući, izazivaju mentalnu i fizičku nesposobnost protivnika, sa
letalitetom ispod 1%
Rasturanje bioloških borbenih sredstava
 Postoji više načina rasturanja biološkog borbenog
sredstva:
1. Preko vazduha, raspršivanjem biološkog aerosola (iz
aviona, projektila, aviobombe i mine...)
2. Preko vode (tamo gdje je nedovoljna higijenska kontrola
vode i vlada oskudica vode)
3. Preko hrane (hljeb, mlijeko)
4. Preko glodara
Protivbiološka zaštita
 Predstavlja skup mjera koje se provode sa ciljem
neutralisanja ili smanjenja posljedica biološkog napada
 Preventivne mjere protivbiološke zaštite su:
 Biološko osmatranje, izviđanje i obavještavanje
 Detekcija i identifikacija biološkog agensa
 Lična i kolektivna zaštita
 Biološka dekontaminacija (DDD)
 Profilaksa stanovništva (imuno-, sero-, hemioprofilaksa)
Ishodi učenja
 Na kraju ove nastavne jedinice, učenik treba da zna da
objasni:
 Šta je to biološki napad/rat
 Koje karakteristike imaju mikroorganizmi koji se koriste
kao biološko oružje
 Koji su načini rasturanja biološkog oružja
 Šta je protivbiološka zaštita i koje mjere podrazumijeva

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Bioloski napadi

  • 1. Biološki napadi JU Medicinska škola Banja Luka Predmet: Epidemiologija (teorija) Profesor: dr Sonja Pralica Razred i smijer: II6, laboratorijsko-sanitarni tehničar Broj časa: 36.
  • 2. Biološki napad/rat  Biološki napad podrazumijeva upotrebu patogenih mikroorganizama za vještačko izazivanje zarazne bolesti ljudi i životinja, s ciljem da se oslabi ratni potencijal protivnika  Biološki rat nije dozvoljen ni pod kakvim uslovima i smatra se zločinom protiv čovječanstva
  • 3. Vrste biološkog napada  Prema ciljevima, može biti:  Strateški, obuhvata teritoriju čitave države istovremeno  Taktički, čiji je domet ograničen (npr. vojni ciljevi)  Prema organizaciji:  Otvoreni, gdje se napadač može dokazati  Tajni, koji se ne može sa sigurnošću dokazati  Prema vremenu izvođenja:  U toku priprema za sukob  U toku rata
  • 4. Biološko oružje  Da bi mikroorganizam bio korišten kao biološko oružje, mora imati sljedeće karakteristike:  Da se proizvodi lako i u velikim količinama  Da se lako širi i ima veliku zaraznost  Da ima visoku virulenciju  Da je otporan u spoljašnjoj sredini  Da može ući na više načina u organizam  Da se može razmnožavati  Da je populacija na njega osjetljiva  Da se teško otkriva  Da se napadač može zaštititi
  • 5. Biološko oružje  Biološki agensi mogu biti:  Letalni, izazivaju masovno obolijevanje sa visokom stopom letaliteta  Onesposobljavajući, izazivaju mentalnu i fizičku nesposobnost protivnika, sa letalitetom ispod 1%
  • 6. Rasturanje bioloških borbenih sredstava  Postoji više načina rasturanja biološkog borbenog sredstva: 1. Preko vazduha, raspršivanjem biološkog aerosola (iz aviona, projektila, aviobombe i mine...) 2. Preko vode (tamo gdje je nedovoljna higijenska kontrola vode i vlada oskudica vode) 3. Preko hrane (hljeb, mlijeko) 4. Preko glodara
  • 7. Protivbiološka zaštita  Predstavlja skup mjera koje se provode sa ciljem neutralisanja ili smanjenja posljedica biološkog napada  Preventivne mjere protivbiološke zaštite su:  Biološko osmatranje, izviđanje i obavještavanje  Detekcija i identifikacija biološkog agensa  Lična i kolektivna zaštita  Biološka dekontaminacija (DDD)  Profilaksa stanovništva (imuno-, sero-, hemioprofilaksa)
  • 8. Ishodi učenja  Na kraju ove nastavne jedinice, učenik treba da zna da objasni:  Šta je to biološki napad/rat  Koje karakteristike imaju mikroorganizmi koji se koriste kao biološko oružje  Koji su načini rasturanja biološkog oružja  Šta je protivbiološka zaštita i koje mjere podrazumijeva