Neonatal Emergencies: Recognizing and Stabilizing the Sick Newborn
1. NEONATAL EMERGENCIES
how is it different ???
Dr PHALGUNI PADHI
ASST PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF NEONATOLOGY
AIIMS RAIPUR
2. How is it different?
Neonatal emergencies can start in……..the FETUS k/a…FETAL EMERGENCIES
Common thing like Blood Group of mother (Rh Negative)can lead to fetal
emergency(Hydrops Fetalis).
Fetal emergencies commonly seen are fetal arrythmias,Hydrops ,FGR etc
Needs multidisciplinary team approach
3. What are the limitations in newborns?
Less reserve so decompensates quite early
Limited & non-specific presentation
Limitation in assessment due to prematurity
Origin may be from insults during utero, birth or immediate post
natal period highlighting importance of each aspect of history
4. Neonatal Resusication is different…..
Adult cardiac arrest is a complication of trauma or existing heart disease.
It is caused by a sudden arrhythmia that prevents the heart from effectively circulating
blood.
During adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation, chest compressions are used to
maintain circulation until electrical defibrillation or medications restore cardiac function.
5. Neonatal Resusication is different…..
In contrast, most newborns requiring resuscitation have a healthy heart.
When a newborn requires resuscitation, it is usually caused by a problem with
respiration leading to inadequate gas exchange.
Respiratory failure may occur either before or after birth.
If the baby is Hypothermic,resusication wouldnot be effective,SO the sequence
is……………….
T - A - B - C
6. Objectives
How to approach a neonate who is unwell or at risk of being
unwell?
How to stabilise him/her?
What are the possible differential diagnosis in such
patient?
7. Which is the biggest neonatal emergency?
Probably
8. Food for thought!
Why is it important to recognise a sick newborn at the
earliest?
Delay will lead to high morbidity & mortality
9. How to approach?
Logical and systematic approach for babies who are
unwell or at risk of becoming unwell
Gathering & organising information
Establishing priorities
Intervening appropriately
10. How to Triage a newborn?
Different scoring system-
CRIB II - B.Wt/GA/SEX/MAX FiO2/BD/ADMISSION TEMP
SNAP-PE - WT/GA/APGAR/(PaO2/FiO2)/OI/TPC/RFT
OTHERS LIKE……
BERLIN SCORE
NMPI
NTISS
NICHD SCORE
SINKIN 12
17. How to initially stabilise a sick neonate?
Temperature
Airway
Breathing (Target SpO2 91-95%)
Circulation (NS bolus -30 min), Communication
Drugs, Documentation
Environment, Equipment
Fluids – electrolytes, glucose
Gastric decompression
18. INITIAL MANAGEMENT OF A NEONATE IN EMERGENCY-
PUT UNDER RADIANT WARMER
ATTACH TO PULSE OX,MEASURE GLUCOSE
MAINTAIN AIRWAY IN SNIFFING POSITION
,CLEAR SECRETIONS
ASSESS CIRCULATION{SKIN
COLOR,PERFUSION,PULSES,CRT}
ASSESS FOR CONVULSIONS/CRY & ACTIVITY,TONE
ANTICONVULSANTS/
GLUCOSE/CALCIUM
PLACE VASCULAR
ACESS,IV Fluid
TACTILE
STIM/SUCTION/PPV/
RESPI SUPPORT
REWARM
START OXYGEN IF
NEEDED
SUPPORTIVE MEASURES LIKE TEMP,SUGAR,FLUID
AND ELECTROLYTE
19. 32 wk/1300 g/SFD/F/2 hrs
Delivered vaginally to spontaneous onset of preterm labour in a nursing
home
Cried immediately after birth with APGAR 7 & 7
Had respiratory distress immediately after birth
Started on oxygen by nasal prongs, antibiotics and intravenous fluids and
referred to emergency
20. Case 2…
O/E: (On nasal prongs)
Temp. 35º C
HR- 110/min, pulse- palpable, CFT- 4 sec, BP- 35/20
RR 70/min, mild ICR +ve, SPO2 not being picked up
RBS- 250 mg/dl
Systemic examination:
Respiratory: A/E b//l equal & normal with no adv. Sounds
Rest- NAD
21. What we practice in NICU here….
Intensive care cot space should always be prepared and ready for use
Transport incubator checked at start of every shift and ready for use
(Disseminate information immediately)
22. Delivery Room Emergency & Triaging
AFTER INITIAL STEPS
APNEA/GASPING HR<100 BPM
BABY IS BORN
TERM TONE CRY
BEFORE BABY IS BORN
ANTENATAL COUNSELLING BRIEFING OF TEAM CHECK EQUIP
23.
24. Team concept to be developed where obs provider is also a part.
Institute should have a clear duty roaster sharing between dept with clear
clear cut guidelines regarding LR calls.
@AIIMS R-
All deliveries attended by Ped JR.
We have identified a list of conditions where PDCC should attend the
delivery or if the obs faculty request.
We have a whatsapp group where between 8 am and 8 pm we update
bed status and high risk pregnancy.
Proper documentation with debriefing sessions.