Management

1. Welcome!
To Unit 6
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2. Resource Person
Prof. Sanjay Kumar Shrestha, Ph.D.
Professor, Central Department of Management,
Tribhuvan Univeristy Kirtipur
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3. UNIT 6
MOTIVATION AND STRESS MANAGEMENT
“Motivation is a process that accounts for an
individual‘s intensity, direction, and persistence of
efforts toward attaining a goal.”
-Stephen P. Robbins
• Intensity
• Direction
• persistence
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4. 6.1.1 WORK MOTIVATION THEORIES
(i) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory
(ii) Fredrick Hertzberg’s Two-factor theory
(iii) Clayton Alderfer’s ERG theory
(iv) McClelland’s theory of needs
(v) Equity theory
(vi) Victor Vroom’s Expectancy theory
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• (i) Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory

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7. (iii) Clayton Alderfer’s ERG theory
• Existence needs (1)+(2) level
• Related needs (3) + (lower half of 4)
• Growth needs (upper half of 4) + (5)
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8. (iv) McClleland’s theory of needs
• Need for achievement (nAch)
• Need for power (nPow)
• Need for affiliation (nAff)
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9. (v) J. Stacy’s Equity theory
• Output (self) = Output (other)
Input (self) Input (other)
I) Self-inside
II) Self-outside
III) Other-inside
IV) Other-outside
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10. (vi) Victor Vroom’s Expectancy theory
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• -Performance=f(a. ExpectancyX b.Instrumentality X c.Valance)

11. 6.1.2 MOTIVATION APPLICATION THROUGH JOB DESIGN
“Designing the contents, structure, relationship with other
jobs, and method of performing the particular job.”
i. skill variety
ii. task identity
iii. task significance
iv. autonomy
v. feedback.
vi. Job rotation
vii. job enlargement
viii.Job enrichment
ix. empowerment
x. flextime work
xi. job sharing arrangements,
xii. business process reengineering
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12. 6.1.3 MOTIVATION APPLICATION THROUGH GOAL SETTING
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13. 6.2.1 STRESS: MEANING AND DEFINITION
• unpleasant psychological process in response to
environmental pressures
• negative and positive
• stressors
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14. 6.2.3 WORK STRESS MODEL
(i) INDIVIDUAL LEVEL STRESSORS
(ii) GROUP LEVEL STRESSORS
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15. (iii) ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL STRESSORS
(iv ) EXTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS
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17. 6.2.4 STRESS AND PERFORMANCE
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18. consequences of stress
(a) Physiological Symptoms
(b) Psychological Symptoms
(c) Behavioral Symptoms
6.2.5 STRESS MANAGEMENT
(A) INDIVIDUAL STRATEGIES
(B) ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGIES
6.2.6 EMPLOYEE ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS (EAPS)
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19. Thank You All!
For Your Patience, Comments & Suggestions, and
Encouragement!
Dr. Sanjay Kumar Shrestha
Professor, CDM, TU, Nepalse
sanjayjanuary16@gmail.com
98511-999-89
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