Silvia Amaya Vega 17021034 Instrumentación quirúrgica

1. Adolescence and addiction to new technologies
Revision
Jesús Fleta Zaragozano, José Luis Olivares López
Department of Pediatrics. University Clinical Hospital. Saragossa
[Bol Pediatr Arag Rioj Sor, 2009; 39: 84-90]
Correspondence: Jesus Fleta ZaragozanoCorrespondence: Jesus Fleta Zaragozano
Department of Pediatrics. University Clinical Hospital. Avda. San Juan Bosco, 15. 50009 Zaragoza E-mail: jfleta@unizar.es
Received: November 2009. Accepted: November 2009
SUMMARY
The authors expose the risks posed by the abuse and addiction to new technologies by children and adolescents. The consumption of
music at high volumes, through individual players, can lead to deafness; Internet addiction carries the risk of accessing undesirable
content; and mobile addiction can produce behavioral disorders and its electromagnetic waves, probable unconfirmed clinical pictures.
The characteristics of addiction are described and some tips for a reasonable and moderate use of new technologies are proposed.
KEYWORDS
Addiction to new technologies, music player, computer, Internet, mobile, electromagnetic waves.
Addiction to new technology and adolescents
ABSTRACT
The authors describe the risks posed by the abuse and addiction to new technologies by children and adolescents. The conclusion of loud music, by
individual players, it can cause deafness; Internet addiction carries the risk of access to undesir- able content; and mobile addiction can cause behavioral
disorders and their electromagnetic waves probably some unconfirmed effects. We describe the characteristics of addiction and propose some suggestions
for a reasonable and moderate use of new technologies. KEY WORDS
Addiction to new technology, music player, computer, Internet, mobile, electromagnetic waves.
I NTRODUCTIONI NTRODUCTION
Adolescence is an easily influenced period of life due to the
physiological and psychological peculiarities that characterize it.
Adolescents nowadays have access, with relative ease, to the
consumption of various harmful substances and also to the latest
technologies. The economic level, the easy and instantaneous
access to any means and the compulsive consumption of the
society in which they live, in general, make the adolescent find
himself in situations of physical or emotional risk, not well
quantified until now. In this review, some of the risks that children
and adolescents present with excessive consumption of music are
exposed to
large volume and very long-term use of the computer and mobile,
including the possible risks that radiation emitted by it may produce.
At the same time, some considerations and advice are exposed for a
moderate use of these new technologies and to avoid their addiction.
R MUSICAL PRODUCERS: CONSUMPTION OFR MUSICAL PRODUCERS: CONSUMPTION OF
MUSIC AND DEAFNESS
Today noise pollution is a problem in the modern world that is
difficult to solve. It is not only a problem linked to the
professional and professional sphere and to motor vehicles,
nor is it limited to adults, but it directly affects children.
84 J. Fleta Zaragozano, JL Olivares López

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Adolescence and addiction to new technologies
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and adolescents, especially when it comes to consuming music
at high volume. Table I shows different types of sounds and their
intensity (one).intensity (one).
In a large number of establishments, a volume of music is
frequently observed, heard even over long distances, in order to
serve as an advertising advertisement. It is thought, and it is very
likely, that this method serves to attract more people, especially
young people, and thereby induce purchase. In some places the
volume of music is such that it is practically impossible to
establish a normal conversation (2).establish a normal conversation (2).
Listening through individual players is another way to
consume music; This method has become so widespread that
in some media and at certain ages, there is no adolescent who
does not have any device of this nature. Keep in mind that all
MP3 players of the main commercial brands exceed the
necessary volume. The point is that it has been proven that
hearing is carried out frequently at high intensity and for a very
long time, which can cause hearing deterioration (above 100
decibels at maximum volume) (3-6).decibels at maximum volume) (3-6).
The detrimental effects are varied and can end in initially
subtle hearing defects, with gradual evolution until the
appearance of tinnitus and severe symptoms of noise-induced
sensorineural hearing loss. These problems, once established,
can be difficult to solve (7, 8). Table II shows the classification ofcan be difficult to solve (7, 8). Table II shows the classification ofcan be difficult to solve (7, 8). Table II shows the classification of
hearing loss according to the degree of hearing loss (9).hearing loss according to the degree of hearing loss (9).
In order to avoid, as far as possible, the consequences of these
effects, several recommendations are indicated (10):effects, several recommendations are indicated (10):
- It is advisable to set the volume of the player at home or in a quiet
place, but not on the street. The volume should allow you to carry
on a conversation and even listen to ambient sounds.
- It is advisable not to exceed 80% of the maximum volume of the
player, if listening for 90 minutes in a row using the typical
mini-headphones supplied with the player (Earbud type). If
listening at a volume of 60-70% of the maximum, the time of use
can be increased without risk (Table III).
- It is advisable to leave the ears at rest until the discomfort
disappears, if ringing and deafness appear after hearing.
Adolescents can come to recognize if the sound levels
around them and the exposure time pose a risk to their
hearing, identifying some indicators, as shown in Table IV.
Recently (2009) CENELEC (European Committee for
Electrotechnical Standardization) describes the phenomenon as
«deaf generation» or «MP3 generation» and admits that 10% of
those who circulate plugged into these devices (about 10 million
people) are at risk of suffer irreversible and premature hearing
damage. Define as risky personnel who listens more than an
hour of music at a volume greater than 90 decibels every day.
Finally, this organization proposes limits: 40 hours a week at 80
decibels and 5 hours a week at 89 decibels. The possibility of
imposing these limits on the devices is also studied.
Sound type Decibels (dB)
Tick-tock of the clock twenty
Whisper 30
Low voice 40
Conversation fifty
Crying child 55
Cry of a child 90
Street traffic 90
Drums and percussions 100
Pneumatic hammer 110
Pain threshold 120
Takeoff of an airplane 140
Modified from Kelly (one).Modified from Kelly (one).
Table I. Sound intensity.Table I. Sound intensity.
Mild hearing loss 20-40 dB HL *
Medium hearing loss 41-70 dB HL
Severe hearing loss 71-90 dB HL
Deep hearing loss (deafness) More than 90 dB HL
Modified by Clarós and Cruz-Hernández (9).Modified by Clarós and Cruz-Hernández (9).
* HL: Hearing Level.
Table II. Classification of hearing loss according to the degree of lossTable II. Classification of hearing loss according to the degree of loss
auditory.
Volume Handset Handset
possible (%) Earbud type ** supraaural type ***
10-50 Unlimited Unlimited
60 Unlimited Unlimited
70 6 hours 20 hours
80 1.5 hours 4.9 hours
90 22 minutes 1.2 hours
100 5 minutes 18 minutes
* Maximum daily listening time according to the criteria of the National Institute of
Occupational Safety and Health, for each type of headphones according to the volume of
reproduction.
** Mini headphone supplied with the player.
*** External earphone.
Table III. Maximum listening times of a music player *.Table III. Maximum listening times of a music player *.

3. Newsletter of the Pediatric Society of Aragon, La Rioja and Soria
86 J. Fleta Zaragozano, JL Olivares López
OR RENDER AND ACCESS TO I NTERNETOR RENDER AND ACCESS TO I NTERNETOR RENDER AND ACCESS TO I NTERNETOR RENDER AND ACCESS TO I NTERNET
The Internet is a vast network that connects people and information
from all over the world through computers; it is called the "information
highway". The information includes texts, images and sounds. "On line"
means that you are connected to the Internet and browsing the Internet
means exploring or searching for information on the Internet. Although
only 46.5% of Spanish households have it, the truth is that it is
spreading. Seven out of ten children between the ages of 10 and 14
are users in our country.
When browsing the Internet, it should be remembered that
information is usually not private, that people online are not
always who they say they are, that anyone can publish
information online and that what is read may not be reliable. At
any time and unintentionally one may come across offensive,
violent, racist or pornographic material.
The Internet has several channels of communication
between people. Blog or logbook is an online newspaper that
can contain images and its popularity is surpassing chats.
These, also called chat rooms, are a way for multiple computer
users to communicate instantly in real time. E-mail is electronic
mail and Messenger consists of sending and receiving
messages instantly in real time through the Internet.
There are several ways to obtain information on the
Internet, which is called browsing. One is the web address,
which must be accurately described in order not to access a
completely different address. Many web pages link information
to other sites and allow you to connect to other web pages
without typing your address. Search engines are programs that
allow you to search the Internet using key words or topics.
The Spanish Association of Pediatrics (AEP) shows us the
guidelines for the use of young children on the Internet according to
age:
Up to 10 years of age children need supervision and
protection to ensure that they are not exposed to inappropriate
materials. Parents should use Internet security tools that limit
access to content, web pages and activities, as well as actively
participate in the use of the Internet.
Children between 11 and 14 years old know more about
their experience on the Internet; however, they continue to
need supervision and protection to ensure that they are not
exposed to risky situations. Internet security tools can limit
access to content and websites, in addition to providing reports
on Internet activities. Children of this age are trained to know
what personal information cannot be provided on the Internet.
Between 15 and 18 years, adolescents should have only
limited content, web pages or activities. They know more about
their Internet experience; however, they continue to require
their parents to define appropriate safety guidelines. Parents
must be available to help their children understand
inappropriate messages and avoid dangerous situations.
Teens need to be reminded of what kind of personal
information they should not provide online.
Addiction, cyber-addiction or cyberpathology in this case is
defined by excessive consumption of the Internet, to the extent that it
can compromise the health and social life of those who suffer from it (eleven).can compromise the health and social life of those who suffer from it (eleven).
Some young people spend the day and night "hooked" on the
computer and although some psychiatrists doubt the harmful effects
that addiction produces, cases with poor school performance,
depressive symptoms, anxiety and social panic have been described
and, in more serious cases, personality and behavioral disorders and
even the so-called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (12).even the so-called attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (12).
Table V shows the criteria that indicate risk of addiction.
Probable
Talk Distance intensity Time of
between for of volume exposition
people be understood (decibels) per day Risk
1 m They scream More of Several Lost
85 dB hours permanent
hearing
30 cm They scream More of More of Lost
95 dB 45 min. permanent
hearing
They practically scream More of More of Hearing loss
in contact 105 dB 5 min. definitive
Table IV. Easily recognizable risk indicators byTable IV. Easily recognizable risk indicators by
non-expert people.
one. Feel great satisfaction and euphoria when you are in frontone. Feel great satisfaction and euphoria when you are in front
to the computer.
2. Think about the Internet when other things are being done.2. Think about the Internet when other things are being done.
3. Lying about the real time you spend online3. Lying about the real time you spend online
to the Network (or to the video game) (between 20-40 hours / week).
Four. Neglecting relationship life, especially with familyFour. Neglecting relationship life, especially with family
and the companions.
5. Being restless or distressed when not connected5. Being restless or distressed when not connected
to a chat.
6. Try to cut with the computer and not succeed.6. Try to cut with the computer and not succeed.
* Three or more of these symptoms, especially 6, indicate a high risk of addiction.
Table V. Addiction to the Internet (or video games). Criteria not includedTable V. Addiction to the Internet (or video games). Criteria not included
in the DSM-IV or in the ICD-10 of the American Psychiatric Association *.

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If at any time something illegal or threatening is found, you
can help eliminate any website by going to www.protegeles.com
or also www.webadenuncia.com. Information can also be
collected at www.aeped.es. In 2007, Microsoft and the AEP
teamed up to ensure child safety on the Internet. Microsoft has
developed Windows Live OneCare Child Protection
(https://www.protegeatushijos.com), a free and easy-to-use
program for the protection of minors on the Internet.
Table VI shows six AEP tips for Internet users and
adolescents and Table VII shows a decalogue for correct use
of the Internet.
L OS MOBILE PROBLEMSL OS MOBILE PROBLEMS
The addiction
Currently, the number of existing mobile phones in our country is
almost the same as the number of inhabitants, and most telephone
users consume more in mobile telephony than in landlines. Many
young people have used the mobile as an instrument to serve their
need for social affirmation, as taught by their mastery of technique.
For this reason, and not out of real necessity, the use of mobile
phones can create addiction among young people. Currently, mobile
addiction is an emerging pathology in our consumer society. It is
estimated that 82% of children between 12 and 14 years old and
more than 43% of children between 6 and 11 years old have a mobile
phone in our country. The estimated prevalence of mobile addiction is
2 per thousand users.
Mobile addiction is a repetitive, inevitable and imperious
behavior aimed at obtaining pleasure with the use of the mobile as
an immediate end, which implies loss of freedom between acting
or not acting. It is a social, behavioral addiction, which are called
without substance (without drug). For this reason, they are
grouped under the concept of impulse control deficit disorders and
are not included in the DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association,
1994) or the ICD-10 (World Health Organization, 1992).
Predisposing factors for addiction include those inherent in
the subject and those inherent in the environment. Among the
former is a risk age of 15 to 25 years, female sex, genetic
conditioning, low self-esteem personality and feelings of
inferiority. Also cited in this group are the need for affection,
difficulty in communication, emotional instability and lability, as
well as a tendency to magical and fantasy thinking.
The factors inherent to the environment are the social pressure towards
the consumption of pleasure or well-being, the ease of obtaining and handling
the mobile phone, and the family history of addiction, a situation called
"proadictive diathesis" (13)."proadictive diathesis" (13).
Some authors believe that there may be neurophysiological
bases involved in mobile phone addiction. The electromagnetic
waves would act on the neurotransmitters and postsynaptic
receptors that could cause an addictive effect similar to that
caused by conventional drugs (14).caused by conventional drugs (14).
The diagnosis of mobile addiction is based, by analogy, on
DSM-IV; it is exposed in table VIII.
The treatment of this addiction is based on three pillars:
psychological, social and pharmacological. The therapeutic plan must
be individualized in order to achieve a
- He is suspicious of the person who wants to know too much. Do not give any
information about yourself or your family (your phone number, address, school)
without first talking to your parents.
- If you receive or see something unpleasant or that seems strange to you "don't try to
continue investigating" on your own, talk to your parents or teachers.
- If you are interested in physically meeting someone you have met through
the Internet, inform your parents. Never go alone to the appointment.
- Never enter payment sites, that ask for your credit card number or
that ask for your name and address.
- If you find a place where "access forbidden to minors" is written,
respect this indication.
- Never share passwords, not even with your friends.
Table VI. AEP tips for children and teenagers netizens.Table VI. AEP tips for children and teenagers netizens.
one. Prohibit your child from surfing the Internet if there is no adult atone. Prohibit your child from surfing the Internet if there is no adult at
home.
2. Do not put the computer in your child's room or in any case, put2. Do not put the computer in your child's room or in any case, put
the screen so that it is visible to whoever enters or is in the room.
3. Being able to handle the computer at least at the same skill level as3. Being able to handle the computer at least at the same skill level as
your child.
Four. Use all available protection systems to prevent access toFour. Use all available protection systems to prevent access to
pages not approved by minors.
5. Talk regularly with your child about "browsing" on the Internet.5. Talk regularly with your child about "browsing" on the Internet.
6. Teach your child that when he connects to a "chat" he should not6. Teach your child that when he connects to a "chat" he should not
give or ask for addresses, phone numbers or any information that
can identify him.
7. Prevent your child from being on the Internet, particularly in a "chat",7. Prevent your child from being on the Internet, particularly in a "chat",
at night.
8. Browse and chat a few times with your child to induce them to have greater8. Browse and chat a few times with your child to induce them to have greater
confidence with parents regarding the content of the Internet.
9. Try, as far as possible, to prevent your child from having his own e-mail of9. Try, as far as possible, to prevent your child from having his own e-mail of
which only he has the access password.
10. Build "consensus rules" with your child to navigate10. Build "consensus rules" with your child to navigate
online, without imposing them.
Table VII. Decalogue of the AEP for a correct use of the Internet forTable VII. Decalogue of the AEP for a correct use of the Internet for
children and adolescents.

5. Newsletter of the Pediatric Society of Aragon, La Rioja and Soria
88 J. Fleta Zaragozano, JL Olivares López
Electromagnetic waves
Addiction and repetitive cell phone use could cause physical
problems not well known; also the proximity of the transmitting
antenna can pose a risk, in the opinion of some authors.
The possible deleterious effects of motive are believed to stem
from disturbances produced by the waves emitted in cell
proliferation, enzyme activity, and even genes. There are multiple
theories that relate the harmful effects of its radiation with the
appearance of brain tumors and tumors of other locations,
headaches, stress, insomnia, general malaise, EEG alterations,
various effects on the heart, testicles, ovaries, liver, kidney and
bladder.It is also said that it can affect the eyes, due to its high
water content and that young children show special sensitivity for
this same reason.
Both the mobile and the repeater antenna emit
non-ionizing electromagnetic waves; therefore, in theory, its
effects should not be considered harmful, at least until now.
The only proven effect is thermal, without it posing any risk to
people's health. Even the radiation emitted by microwaves,
television and other household appliances radiate more than
mobiles. Figure 1 shows the electromagnetic spectrum in
which the wavelength and radiation emitted by the mobile are
reflected and in Figure 2 the electromagnetic spectrum with the
wavelength and radiation emitted by the mobile, the computer
and the television.
We have had the opportunity to review some works, carried out
from 1996 to date, whose objective was
more effective habituation. Psychological and social therapy
should be based on intervention at the individual, family and
group levels, if appropriate, and with the help of a professional.
Drugs that can be plated are serotonin reuptake inhibitors
(ProzacR) or anticonvulsant-anticompulsives, such as topiramate(ProzacR) or anticonvulsant-anticompulsives, such as topiramate(ProzacR) or anticonvulsant-anticompulsives, such as topiramate
(TopamaxR) or gabapentin (NeurontinR). The prevention of mobile(TopamaxR) or gabapentin (NeurontinR). The prevention of mobile(TopamaxR) or gabapentin (NeurontinR). The prevention of mobile(TopamaxR) or gabapentin (NeurontinR). The prevention of mobile(TopamaxR) or gabapentin (NeurontinR). The prevention of mobile
addiction is reflected in the decalogue set out in Table IX.
one. Difficulty controlling impulses to handle the mobile: conversation,one. Difficulty controlling impulses to handle the mobile: conversation,
messages, etc.
2. Feeling of increased tension immediately before starting to operate2. Feeling of increased tension immediately before starting to operate
the appliance.
3. Well-being, gratification or liberation from the moment its3. Well-being, gratification or liberation from the moment its
handling begins.
Four. Repeated failure of efforts to control, interrupt,Four. Repeated failure of efforts to control, interrupt,
or stop its use.
5. Restlessness and irritability when trying to interrupt use or lack5. Restlessness and irritability when trying to interrupt use or lack
resources to do so.
6. Cheating on family, therapists or other people to hide the degree of6. Cheating on family, therapists or other people to hide the degree of
involvement in the handling of the mobile.
7. Unlawful or illegal acts such as theft, falsification, fraud or breach of trust7. Unlawful or illegal acts such as theft, falsification, fraud or breach of trust
are committed to finance its use.
8. They risk, lose or undermine obligations, responsibilities and significant8. They risk, lose or undermine obligations, responsibilities and significant
interpersonal relationships in the family, social, school or work
environment.
9. He persists in his behavior despite the problems that are generated with9. He persists in his behavior despite the problems that are generated with
mobile consumption.
10. This behavior does not imply the existence of a mental disorder10. This behavior does not imply the existence of a mental disorder
specific: manic episode, OCD or other personality
disorders.
* Addiction exists if there is a positive response to 5 or more of the previous points.
Table VIII. Mobile addiction: diagnostic protocol by analogy withTable VIII. Mobile addiction: diagnostic protocol by analogy with
DSM-IV *.
one. Promote social awareness about the risk of addiction to consumerone. Promote social awareness about the risk of addiction to consumer
technologies.
2. Advertising control.2. Advertising control.
3. Enable legal avenues for self-prohibition (as with gambling).3. Enable legal avenues for self-prohibition (as with gambling).
Empower parents, consumer associations and the judicial
authority to invalidate the mobile number involved.
Four. Use the mobile only for professional, school, family or social need.Four. Use the mobile only for professional, school, family or social need.
5. Limit use over time (1 h / day), money (maximum 10% of income5. Limit use over time (1 h / day), money (maximum 10% of income
or tips) and with people you know.
6. Restrict call or message initiatives, making them subject to external6. Restrict call or message initiatives, making them subject to external
initiatives.
7. Encourage direct interpersonal communication.7. Encourage direct interpersonal communication.
8. Encourage recreational activities.8. Encourage recreational activities.
9. Promote colloquia and debates in family and other social spheres aimed at9. Promote colloquia and debates in family and other social spheres aimed at
avoiding the frivolous or excessive consumption of new technologies.
10. If necessary, consult a specialist.10. If necessary, consult a specialist.
Table IX. Prevention of mobile addiction: decalogue.Table IX. Prevention of mobile addiction: decalogue.
Figure I. Electromagnetic spectrum in which the length is observedFigure I. Electromagnetic spectrum in which the length is observed
wave and radiation emitted by the mobile and the repeater antenna.

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VOL. 39 - No. 3 • SEPTEMBER-DECEMBER 2009
relate the use of mobile phones and the appearance of tumors
and other complications. Although the review has not been
exhaustive, we have not found one that shows this relationship.
The works were designed with different protocols: multicentre,
retrospective and prospective, in adolescents and adults of both
sexes, sick and healthy, double-blind, in animal patterns and in
people, national and multinational. All end with the conclusion that
at this time there is no cause-effect relationship (15, 16, 17).at this time there is no cause-effect relationship (15, 16, 17).
Among the most recent are the following. The SCENIHR
Study (Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified
Health Risks) (2007), which concludes that the mobile phone
does not produce adverse health effects; the European project
REFLEX (2007), on in vitro studies on genotoxicity in animals,
which does not show pathological effects, although it is in the
final phase; the MTHR study (Mobile Telecommunications and
Health Research) (2007), from the United Kingdom, which does
not find any relationship with brain tumors; the INTERPHONE
study (2007) carried out in 13 countries, with a sample that
includes 2,600 cases of glioma, 2,300 cases of meningomy,
1,100 cases of acoustic neurinoma and 400 cases of parotid
tumors; at the end of the study, no relationship was found with
the use of mobile phones. And the most recent,18-21).the use of mobile phones. And the most recent,18-21).
At the moment, other studies are being carried out directed and
sponsored by national entities such as the Ministry of Industry,
Tourism and Commerce, and the Ministry of Health and
Consumption. Among these, the last phase of the Reflex Study
stands out, an in vitro study to be carried out at the Ramón y Cajal
Hospital in Madrid; the Ramp2001 Study, on the effect of radiation
on the nervous system; the Guard Study, on the effects on hearing;
the Perform Study on Cancer in Animals
ills and other studies included in the 7th Research, Development and
Technology Framework Program, to be carried out from 2007 to 2013 (22,Technology Framework Program, to be carried out from 2007 to 2013 (22,
23).
Among the studies conducted at European and multinational levels,
those of the European Union, the International Commission on
Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and the WHO stand out.
In 2010, the international multicenter MOBI-KIDS study begins,
in which experts from various European and non-European
countries participate, in order to demonstrate whether there is a
relationship between the use of mobile phones and other
technologies with development. brain tumors. During a period of five
years, two groups of 2,000 young people each will be studied, one
of them from patients with brain tumors and the other group as a
control, aged between 10 and 24 years of age. Several research
groups and Spanish universities will participate in this study.
What is proven is that radiation from mobile phones can
produce electromagnetic interference in computers, airplanes,
hospitals, etc. They also contribute to an increase in accidents
in drivers who talk on the mobile phone due to distraction and
reduced visual field. The pedestrian who uses the mobile
phone is also subject to more accidents.
Table X shows various tips for rational use of the mobile,
including some precautionary measures and principles.
V IDEOJUEGOS AND TELEVISIÓNV IDEOJUEGOS AND TELEVISIÓN
Video games and television can also produce harmful effects if
overused by children and adolescents. These addictions are also
included, due to their similarity, together with Internet and mobile
addiction, in the so-called cyberpathology.
The impossibility of accessing the Internet avoids the risk of undesirable
contact, but the addiction facilitates the appearance of symptoms such as
progressive isolation, aggressiveness and poor school performance, as well
as headaches and ma-
Figure II. Electromagnetic spectrum in which the length is observedFigure II. Electromagnetic spectrum in which the length is observed
wave and radiation emitted by mobile phones, computers and television.
- Place the mobile more than 2 cm from the ear.
- Do not bring the device close to the soft tissues of the body or the eyes.
- Do not store the mobile in the pockets near the testicles and ovaries.
- Do not use it inside vehicles. It is preferable to use it in open
spaces.
- The use of covers is not effective.
- Be aware that it can interfere with computers, clinical devices
(pacemakers, hearing aids) and on airplanes.
- Use it for urgent, necessary cases and always with short messages.
Table X. Tips for the correct use of the mobile.Table X. Tips for the correct use of the mobile.

7. inmates (24, 25). Treatment for addiction can be complex, as long asinmates (24, 25). Treatment for addiction can be complex, as long asinmates (24, 25). Treatment for addiction can be complex, as long as
children do not exceed the age of maximum predisposition.
Collaboration with a pediatrician, psychologist, or other expert is
desirable for treatment.
C ONCLUSIONSC ONCLUSIONS
The addiction to new technologies by children and adolescents must
be taken into account by parents and pediatricians. Nowadays it
should be included, as a question in the medical record, if the child
abuses the mobile or the computer, when he consults for conduct
disorders, poor school performance, irritability or headaches.
We must recognize that new technologies have positive effects
because they facilitate communication to
distance and personal interaction, allow emergency calls,
location of people, provide information of any kind and
intervene in the educational and teaching process through
specific programs.
Regarding the appearance of brain tumors and other
disorders in children and adolescents who abuse the mobile, or
live in the vicinity of a repeater antenna, today, there is no
scientific evidence to corroborate it. According to 2006 WHO
Statements: "Given the very low levels of exposure and the
results of research gathered so far, there is no convincing
scientific evidence that the weak radio frequency signals from
base stations and from wireless networks have adverse health
effects. "
Newsletter of the Pediatric Society of Aragon, La Rioja and Soria
90 J. Fleta Zaragozano, JL Olivares López
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leisure-time noise exposure and hearing loss. Audiology 2001; 40: 1-9.
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portable compact disc players and the potential risk to hearing. Ear Hear
2004; 25: 513-527.
5. Trask D, Abkas B, Jous N. Listening habits and noise exposu-5. Trask D, Abkas B, Jous N. Listening habits and noise exposu-
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