Lymphadenitis. Msc nursing nurse practioner, medicine , perinatology

1. ARBAMINCH UNIVERSITY
10/12/2023 1
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE
SCHOOL OF NURSING DEPARTMENT OF NEONATAL
NURSING
ASSIGNMENT OF NEONATAL NURSING 1
PREPARED BY :- TSEHYANESH DENEKE
SUBMITTED TO :- MR NEGA (MSC,ASS.T,PROF )
ARBAMINCH ETHIOPIA
SUBMITTED DATE12/05/2015
E.C

2. Presentation outlines
• Introductions of lymphadinitis.
• Definitions of lymphadinititis.
• Ethiology of lymphadinititis.
• Clinical sign and smptoms of lymphadinitis
• Dx
• Compications
• Managements of lymphadinititis
• Summery
• Refference
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3. Objectives
At the end of this presentations, the participant
will:able to:_
1. Define and discuss the possible etiology and
complications of lymphadinititis
2. Describe how to diagnose lymphadinititis.
3. Describe the management of lympadinititis
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4. Introductions
 Lymphadenitis is the medical term for
enlargement in one or more lymph nodes,
usually due to infection.
 Lymph nodes are filled with white blood
cells that help your body fight infections.
 When lymph nodes become infected, it's
usually because an infection started
somewhere else in your body.
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5. cont..
o Rarely, lymph nodes can enlarge due to cancer.
o Lymph nodes are kidney-shaped glands that
are part of the lymphatic system, which is an
intricate web of organs, vessels, and glands
that run throughout the body.
o Around 600 lymph nodes are scattered in
clusters throughout the body.
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6. cont...
• including under the arms (axillary), in the
groin (inguinal), around the neck and jawline
(cerviva), and within the chest (mediastinal)
and abdominal cavities (mesenteric).(JAMA
Oncol. 2016;jamaoncol.2015.)
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7. cont..
• Cervical lymphadenitis is common in infant and
childhood. The incidence is difficult to ascertain
because it is usually caused by a viral upper
respiratory infection and is self-limited.
• Cervical lymphadenitis Enlarged, inflamed, and
tender lymph node(s) of the neck.
• Acute lymphadenitis – Develops over a few days
(but may persist for weeks to
months)(Lymphadenitis uptodate)
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8. cont..
Defination:- lymphadenitis is an infection of the
lymphnodes characterized by painful, swollen
glands.
o Infected lymph nodes are typically a secondary
infection caused by a bacteria, virus, or fungus
elsewhere in the body.
o Lymphadenitis can quickly spread to other
nodes throughout the body and requires prompt
treatment with antibiotics, antivirals, or
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9. Classification
o Lymphadenitis is classified based on whether the
condition is confined to a part of the body or is
systemic (body-wide):
Localized lymphadenitis this is the most
common type. localized lymphadenitis involves
one or just a few nodes that are close to the area
where the infection started.
For example, nodes enlarged because of a tonsil
infection may be felt in the neck area.
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10. cont..
Generalized lymphadenitis;
 involves two or more regions of the body and is
part of a more pervasive, systemic disease.
 When diagnosing lymphadenitis, healthcare
providers will often describe it by its location,
extent, duration, and underlying disease.
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11. Lymphadenitis Symptoms
o Symptoms of lymphadenitis can vary depending
on the underlying cause and nodes involved:
o Enlarged lymph nodesNodes that are painful and
tender to the touch
o Texture changes, such as hardened nodes or
nodes that are soft or matted together
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12. cont...
o Redness or streaking of the skin overlying the
affected nodes
o Fluid drainage onto the skin ,Fever
o If an abscess has formed, the gland may feel
rubbery or mushy from the pus.
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13. Causes
o Lymph nodes are an important part of the
immune system, which functions to isolate
disease-causing pathogens so that specialized
white blood cells (lymphocytes) can destroy
them.:(Johns Hoppkins Medicine.)
o Bacterial, viral, and fungal infections trigger an
inflammatory response within the lymph node,
causing lymphadenopathy.
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14. cont..
o The gland itself can then become infected and
spread infection throughout the lymphatic
system within a matter of
hours.(MedlinePlus.lymphadenitis)
o Streptococcal and staphylococcal bacteria are
the most common causes of lymphadenitis,
although it can also be caused by viral
infections such as from HIV and rare diseases .
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15. Diagnosis
o Lymphadenitis is diagnosed based on
symptoms, a physical examination, and tests.
o Your healthcare provider will palpate (feel)
the glands to determine the location, size, and
characteristics of the affected lymph nodes.
o A normal lymph node is small and firm.
When lymph nodes become infected, they
usually increase in size, become tender, and
may be felt in other areas of your body during
a physical exam.
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16. cont..
o They will want to know about things like
recent travel you may have done, if you've had
contact with a cat or other animals, or if you
have a break in your skin.
o This can suggest the possible root causes of
the infection, which may be confirmed with
the following tests:
o Blood tests to check for signs of infection
(such as a wbc) or inflammation (such as an
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17. cont..
Blood cultures
 to isolate and identify bacterial causes,
including staphylococcal and streptococcal
strains
• Lymph node biopsy,
 in which tissue is removed for evaluation in the
lab viafine-needle aspiration, core needle
biopsy, orincisional biopsy.
• Lymph fluid testing
 in a culture to determine what type of bacteria
is growing in it
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18. Treatment
o The right course of treatment for
lymphadenitis is determined by age, overall
health and medical history, degree of infection,
and past history of allergic reactions to
antibiotics.
o Prescription medications are used to treat the
infection, while symptoms may be managed
with over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers and
cold or hot compresses.
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19. Prescriptions
o The exact course of treatment will depend on
the cause of the infection and age group.
o Prescription medications may be given orally or
by injection (Johns Hoppkins Medicine.)
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20. cont..
• Amoxicillne 125mg 25mg syrup
• Cephalosporine based on age group
• Erythromycine
• ceftriaxone
• vancomycine
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21. Supportive Care
• To help relieve symptoms of lymph node
inflammation, your healthcare provider may
recommend certain home and over-the-
counter remedies, such as:
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22. cont..
• Rest
• Elevation of the affected body part
• Icing to reduce inflammation and swelling
• Warm compress to relieve pain
• Non sterodial anti infflamator drug (NSAIDs)
like Advil (ibuprofen) or Aleve (naproxen) to
address both inflammation and pain
• Other analgesics to reduce pain
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23. cont..
o Surgery
• Lymphadenitis is rarely treated with surgery,
with the exception of abscess dranage to
remove pus from an infected node (done in
tandem with antibiotic therapy).U.S. National
Library of Medicine:
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24. summery
 Lymphadenitis is an infection in one or more
lymph nodes.
 When lymph nodes become infected, it's usually
because an infection started somewhere else in
your body.
 Lymphadenitis can cause lymph nodes to become
enlarged, red, or tender.
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25. cont..
• Treatment may include antibiotics, and
medications to control pain and fever Early
treatment of infections can prevent the
development of lymphadenitis
• If your symptoms get worse or you have new
symptoms, call your healthcare provider.
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26. Reference
1. U.S. National Library of Medicine: MedlinePlus.
Lymphadenitis.
2. West H, Jin J. Lymph nodes and lymphadenopathy in
cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2016;2(7):971.
doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.3509
3. Gaddey HL, Riegel AM. Unexplained lymphadenopathy:
Evaluation and differential diagnosis. Am Fam Physician.
94(11):896-903.
4. Johns Hoppkins Medicine. Lymphadenitis.
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27. THANK YOU‼
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