drugs might one day be tailored to your genetic makeup

1. PHARMACOGENOMICS
- drugs might one day be tailored to your
genetic makeup.
By,
Shweta Chand
BSc. Microbiology
5th sem

2. Introduction
 Study of genetic variations that influence individual response
to drug.
 Relatively new field, combines pharmacology (the science of
drug) and genomics(the study of genes and their functions) to
develop effective, safe medications and doses that will be
tailored to a person’s genetic makeup.

3. Applications of
pharmacogenomics

4. Choosing the right drug-
Abacavir
 Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) for
treatment of HIV.
 Hypersensitivity reaction:
• rash and/or fever
• abrupt onset of vomiting/nausea/diarrhoea
• respiratory symptoms: tachypnea, cough and pharyngitis
 HLA‐B*5701 allele has demonstrated a positive predictive
value for the development of hypersensitivity reaction.
 Occurs at a frequency of around 5% in Europeans, 1% in
Asians and <1% in Africans.
 Test for HLA‐B*5701 prior to beginning of abacavir.

6. Predicting adverse drug
reactions- Warfarin
 Warfarin is an anti-coagulant, an agent that prevents blood
clots forming.
 Used in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic
disorders.
 Too low dosage shows no effect.
 High dosage may lead to internal bleeding (haemorrhaging).
 Warfarin activity is determined partially by genetic factors.
 Polymorphisms in two genes (VKORC1 and CYP2C9) play a
particularly large role in response to warfarin.

9. Benefits of
pharmacogenomics
 Predict patient’s response to
drug and develop customized
prescriptions.
 Minimize or eliminate adverse
events.
 More accurate method of
determining dosage.
 Better, safer drug at the first
time.

10. Thank you