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Being an Opheliac
I believeanyone canbe anOpheliac,infactI couldargue everyone isanOpheliacatsome time or otherintheir
life. Inorderforme to getto Opheliacasterminology,Ifirstapproachedthe subjectasOphelia-ism.Thistome
encompassed:
- Feminine beauty(generallymore classical,orideal beautywe projectuntoothers)
- Our infatuationof the mystical female formprotrudingfromwaterydepths(?substances)
- ‘The tragicallybeautiful’ourbeautificationof sadnessforempathyaffectation
- Symbolism(inMillaiscase itwasthe language of flowerstosymbolize Ophelia’sjourneyinHamlet),interms
of small suggestionstoemphasizethatthere ismore tosee
- Fragile futility:fragilityof the heartand/ormind,andfutilityof the actionsand/orlife
- The unnoticedinnerstrugglesof aperson,non-effective untoothers,yetconsideredbeautiful due toits
tragedy
- Everyone hastheirowninnerapocalypticthoughtsandfeelings,thatgounnoticedor/andconsidered
unnecessaryorirrelevant byothers,untilthe psychological turmoil manifestsitself physically
So what isan Opheliac?
Accordingto the internetdictionaries,Opheliacisa reference tothe Shakespeare –a nounfor someone whohas
delvedintomadness.ItoriginatesfromanAlbum andsongbyEmile Autumn,2006, as a mix of gothic,industrial and
classical music– befittingof the complex characteritsharesaname with.
- A (female) consideredbeautifulandintimidating(prejudice) withoutknowingwhat/whotheyare etc.
- Someone withmelodramatic emo/gothtendencies
- Someone whogoesslightlybatshitforunrequitedlove/heartbreak
- One whois physicallyandvisuallymisjudged because of (actionscausedby) theirinnerturmoil of pressures,
stressorsandemotions
- *Prejudice isanotherformof stereotyping*
No woman, orperson,isone dimensionalenoughtosingularlyfitintoastereotype
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A bit more on ‘Before’
Whenresearchingdefinitionsof Ophelia-ism, Ialsocame acrossa termcalled‘Hamletism’.
‘‘Doubtcausedbythe possibilitiesof twoor more alternativesorcoursesof action.Withreference tothe
indecisivenessof Hamlet'sactionswhenhe debateswhetherornotto kill Claudius’’(HamletismDefinition)
It’sstatedthat the notionof Opheliacommittingsuicide wasneveractuallyconfirmedbyShakespeare.It’sdebated
that herunbalancedmindmayhave causedherto make no attemptto actuallysave herself,butdoesnottranslate
intothe act of consciouslyendingone’slife. (Ophelia)(Tate)
It was commonforartiststhen to theme theirworksof young,fragile characterswithgrievancesof the heart.
Historicallyforyoungwomentobe rejected,orcastaside throughlove wasa
terrible fate.That’snotdifficulttobelieve consideringthe historical roleswomen
were toplay,withrestrictionsof whattheycoulddoand have intheirlivesthose
thenfallingthroughwouldhave devastatingeffectsnotjustownyourownpsyche
but withhowyouwouldbe perceivedbyothersinthose times.It’sonlynatural a
visuallypeaceful death –like drowning–wouldseemappropriate endingsforsuch
‘futile’charactersinartworks.
Opheliaherself hasbeenportrayedmanytimes,forexample,JohnWilliam
Waterhouse’sthree paintings.He depicteddifferentstages beforeherfinal ending.
It almostservesasa narrative leadingtoherending,withoutshowingyouwhat
eventuallyhappens,justhintsatitthroughhissuggestive works.
Influencesofthe ‘Now’
Societyandthe mediaplaya bigrole in the developmentof ‘the social norm’,stereotypesandformingthe
ideal of beautyandbehavior,particularlytoadolescents,asthe growthinthe industryhasprovide anexposure
generationsbefore wasnotonthe same level.All we see constantly –especiallymore soasa youngerwomannot
quite establishedacomplete andconfidentsense of self –iswhatwe are meantto be,and how to be it.This
confuses,contradictswhatwe learnaboutselvesandthe world,lesseningself-confidence andawarenessownself-
identity.Throughthe mediaof Facebook,Irememberreadinganarticle of how ‘millennials’are more likelyto
succumbto anxiety,depressionandself-dissatisfactionthananygenerationbefore. Generationsbefore peoplestill
dreamtbigbut had lowerexpectationsandharder/furthertoworkand go, because of thatsuccesswe are constantly
broughtup ina societythattellsuswe can be and do anythingwe dreamfor.But itis expectedthatthe abilityof
achievingthese goalswill justcome orbe known,itisno longeremphasizedorrealisticallymade aware of how
difficultitmaybe,andwe are dissatisfiedwithourownachievementsbyconstantcomparisontoothersasa culture
Part of this influence onourideals,isonourideal wayof being‘feminine’.Itisbelievedthere hasbeena
genuine change inculture aimedatyounggirls.Genderstereotypeshave alwaysbeenresearchedastoysplayinga
keyrole indefiningthe genderedelements.Nowadaysmore populartoysforgirlsare those suchas ‘Bratz’ Dolls.The
heavymake-up,the usual plasticfigure unrealistic‘perfection’,andclubbingclothes –crop tops,platformheelsand
mini skirtsthatcouldotherwise be belts.Thispredisposedconnectionbetweenbeingpretty,andbeingse xually
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attractive isexposedtoyounggirls,andevenboys.Of course thiswill developinourinternal model,whenit
continuesthroughoutmedia. A girl will feel prettyorbeautiful inassociationwithfeelingsexuallyattractive,butin
today’ssociety the girl will notassume she willgetunwantedattention,asithas beendisplayedasthe norm.
Despite this,we still judge othersbytheirappearance,harshlyImightadd,andsome eventothe extentyouwill
blame the girl forhow she istreated,because of how she choosestoappear.
Readingjusta little of NatashaWalter’s LivingDolls, (Walter,2010) bringsto lightsocial aspectsof
internalizedmodels.
‘‘The brilliantmarketingstrategiesof these brands(dolls,toys
genderstereotyped) are helpingtofuse the doll andthe real girl in a way
that wouldbe unthinkable generationsbefore’’
ThisemphasizingwhatIsaidabove,thatdespite ourapparent
awarenessof genderstereotypingthroughtoysandchildren,itstill
continues –if notgetsworse.We watch characters inromanticcomedies;
the womenwhomake suchexaggeratedfeminityseemaspirational for
the viewer.HoweverIhave noticedachange in media,slightasitmay be,
embracingthe strongerfemale lead,the LGBT communityandthe
thoughtthat there isstill ahappyending,butit’snotnecessarilywitha
man/love anymore.Despitethisthough,the notionthat ‘the image of
female perfectiontowhichwomenare beingencouragedtoaspire is
becomingmore andmore definedbysexual allure’ isstill verymuchproactive,andevencelebratedasbeingaform
of female empowerment.
Thisideaof beautyandsexual allure isyetanothersource of pressure foranyone,andalsoanOpheliac,who
like all otherswantstobe lovedandto love, andthe constant of not beingable toachieve thiscanleave it’smark.
At whatlengthsare we likelytogo to emulate ourideal of beauty? There isaninfluenceof mediaonbody
image,andsubsequentlydietarybehaviorof adolescentgirls (boystoo,invertedV,bodybuilding,extreme exercise,
steroids).Alongside anincrease in‘Pro-ana’websites,whohelpskewlifeview intermsof supporteatingdisorders,
helpyoumanage themand tipsonhow to hide fromfriendsandfamilywhocare – butwouldwantto fix you –
exclude othereatingdisordersif don’tfitintotheircategories.(Giles,2010).To confuse usevenmore,there are
actuallycontradictionsof bodyimage trends.Whilstwe see anincrease inthinnessof modelsetc.inthe media,we
as a populationaverage outthe otherway – whichcouldbe a side effectof extremedieting.The ideayoucandrop
weightbyexcludingfoodgroupsandpushingyourself iscommon,butunhealthy,one misstepandyourbody
relapsesextremely.Inharshcomparison,like anextremealcoholic,whosebodywouldliterallygiveoutinfunctions
shouldtheytake just one more drink. It’sunhealthy,butdeemedokay,evennormal,andleadsmanytoBody
Dissatisfaction.BodyDissatisfactionoftenmore thannot,directlycorrelatesto‘Self-Dissatisfaction’.Thisismuch
more commonin our culture,andone of the biggerreasonsIbelieveeveryonetobe theirownversionof an
opheliac.
Askyourself ‘towhatextentto whichyoubelieve looksare essential if youwanttoget onin today’ssociety’.Itmight
surprise you.
How that impacts us, an Opheliac
Everyone internalisestosome extent.Tointernalise istomake internal,personal orsubjective;totake inand
make an integral partof onesattitudesandbeliefs.Psychologyandsociologydescribeinternalizationtoinvolvethe
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integrationof attitudes, values,standardsandthe opinionsof othersintoone’sownidentityorsense of self.This
includessociety,social behaviourandnorms,andthe media.
These behavioursare mostlynegative andalways directedtowardsself. Thisincludes people whohave difficulty
copingwithstressful situationsornegativeemotionssojustdirectinwards,almostsuppress(notmentallyasitgets
mulledoverregularly) asitisso internal,itsnotalwayseasytosee.Examplesof thisbehaviourinclude social
withdrawal includinginabilitytoproperlyinteractwithothers,feelingsof loneliness,guilt,beingunloved,sadness
and fearfulness,inabilitytobe assertiveandconcentrate,andchangestosleepandeatingpatterns.
Internal behaviourwill be differentforeach individual.AccordingtoPsychologyresearch, personalitytypes
predispose yourreactiontocertainstimuli.Stressisakeyelementinthis,as I believe itispartof a catch 22 cycle
if you will.We define stressasanegative reactiontostressors,whichcanevoke anxietyandevenfearor
aggression,andoftenleadsustoirrational thoughtsandperceptions.However,muchlike the chickenandthe
egg,stressorscan be fears,anxietiesandaggressors,whichthemselvescause stress,andsoonand so forth.
The more commonlyknownpersonalitytypesyoumayhave heardof include TypesA (competitive,constant
highachievers) andB(laidback,not stressedaseasily) –whichsubsequentlyinclude TypesC(unassertive,
supressselves) andD(pessimistic,suppressselves).FriedmanandRosenmanstudiedthe effectsof stressfor
these personalities,intermsof future illnessrisks.Theyfindingsledthemtopropose Type A nature of frequent
increase of adrenaline levelswill develophigherrisksof coronaryheartdisease,TypesChadhigherriskof cancer
due to constantsuppressionof stress(causescancerouscellstoformapparently) andTypesDhad higherriskof
heartattacks (throughfrequentanxiety).OnthisIwouldsaybothC andD wouldbe muchmore vulnerable to
anxiety,lowself-esteemanddepressiondue totheirsuppressive nature.Suppressionisjustanotherformof
internalization,takingyourfeelingsandbottlingthemup,makingthemapart of your functionswithoutfully
dealingwiththemorthe consequencestheyhave withyourself-belief.
In comparison,Kobasa1979/1982 theorisedif youare a ‘Hardy’ personalityyouwill see lifeevents positively
and will therefore finditsomewhateasiertoovercome stressful incidents. Thiswouldmake youless likelyto
developrelatedillnesses.Kobasathoughtthat‘Hardy’personalitiesconsistof 3 components:
- Control. The internal locusof control, a sense of personal control.
- Commitment.A sense of purpose andmeaningineverythingtheydo.
- Challenge.Any issues facedare viewedasanopportunityforpersonal growth.
Whereasif youare a ‘non-hardy’personality,yourperceptionof life eventsisdeemedmore negative and
unfortunately more likelytosufferfromstress-relatedillnesses,due toconstant struggle tocope or reconcile the
stressors. Thisisan interestingtheory,andwhilstitwouldbe nice tofinda wayto become ‘Hardy’,itisunlikely
that an absolute example of thispersonalityexistsinthattrue form.People are different;theyare affectedby
differentthingsindifferentways,andare equallyaffectedbythe same thingindifferentwaysatdifferenttimes.
These differences,orvariablesinastudycase,are alsocalledindividual differences.Thisencompassesgender
and culture,two verykeyaspectsinaffecting people’s perceptionsof life (includingsocial learningfromhow
othersperceive andtreatthem).
Opheliawasawoman;I am a woman,itseemslogical tolookfroma woman’sperspective.Thatisnotto say
that a man cannot be an Opheliac,it’sjustthatlike Freud,Icannotspeakof a male sense of self asI have no way
of trulyknowing.Icanonlyhypocriticallyassume we gothroughsimilar –if notthe same- issues,despite our
biological sex andgenderdifferences.
Needlesstosay,genderstereotypeshave includedthe assumptionsof stressreactions.A studybyTayloret al
(2000) foundwomengive calmerresponsestostressfulsituationsdue totheirhormone Oxytocin,whichleadsto
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maternal behaviourandsocial affiliation,thisprovidesthe ‘tendandbefriend’response(incomparisontothe
‘fightor flight’) whichalsomakesthemmore likelytoseeksocial supporttohelpwiththeircopingof stress. Itis
hypothesisedmenare more likelytoshowangeroraggression,orsuppressthe stress – more similartothe ‘fight
or flight’response. Thisideawouldthensuggestmalesare more likelytointernalise theirbehaviour,whichwe
knowisnot alwaystrue for males,orthe opposite forfemales. Genderdifferencesinreactions tostressorscan
no longeralwaysbe appliedwithinthischangingsociety.
There are manytypesof copingmechanismsinrelationtostress,includingphysiological andpsychological methods,
whose total effectivenessdependsonthe variedstressor,the specificindividual andthe circumstances.
Psychological methodsinclude typesof cognitivetherapy,alsomethodssuchasrelaxationandmeditation,whereas
physiological methodsinclude drugtreatmentandbiofeedback.Commonmethodsare the consumptionof alcohol
or/andchocolate.
Chocolate isarguedto be psychological asitisthe individual believingithelpsde-stressthem–therefore itactually
does(mindovermatter),incontrast,itisalso arguedto be physiological asitisthoughtto reduce stresshormones,
such as cortisol,andinsteadreleaseendorphins.
Endorphinsare knownasendogenousopioidpeptides,
whichfunctionasneurotransmitters,andare produced
by the pituitaryglandandthe hypothalamusinthe back
bone,duringexercise,pain,andthe consumptionof spicy
foods,love andorgasms,andtherefore produce
analgesia(aformof painkiller) andafeelingof well-being.
It isspecificallyDARKchocolate thatisknowntoproduce
serotonin(anti-depressant) andendorphins. However,it
isalso proventobe the physiological lackof magnesium
that evokesthe psychological cravingforchocolate.
In conclusion,ourphysiological needsandaspectseffect
our psychological,andvice versa.If ourpsyche isengagedorbatteredenough,itformsphysiological attributes,like
if we were heavilydepressed,itwouldshow throughourskin,ourlackof energyandmost likelydietaryneeds.
Aspectseveryonecanvisiblydetermine asatell thatsomethingisup – evenif it’snot clearwhat’shappening.
Still,inall this,stresscanand doescause people toact and thinkirrationally –ina waytheywouldnot
necessarilyalways. (sutherland,2007) It is claimedthere are 5 basiccausesfor irrational thinking/behaviour:
1. Evolution:- no longerhave the needfor‘fightorflight’butitisstill ingrainedintoourbiological processes
2. The connectionsin our brain we use to learn: - some strengthenwhenothersweaken,andwe alwaysuse
the same connectionswhenlearningeach thing,thiscandevelopacertainsloppinessanderrors.
3. Mental Laziness: - it’shard work to thinkthingsthroughproperlybefore jumpingtoconclusionsor
‘instincts’.
4. Not beingable to apply statisticsand probabilitytheories:- not actuallybeingtaughtthese,tocalmlyand
mathematicallythinkthingsthrough.Canalsobe due tothe ‘difficultyof breakingtraditions’.
5. Self-servingBias:- not doingwhat’sright,butdoingwhat’srightfor you.
Evenif you believe youare notan Opheliac,youare more thanlikelytohave actedand thought‘irrationally’in
response tonegative stimuli.Itwouldbe saidOpheliaherself thoughtandthenacted – or non-acted– ‘irrationally’I
herresponse toher lossof a lovedone anda love. Like mentionedearlier,women’srolesincludedsosmall aworld,
that yourfatherand your husband/love wereincrediblycentral,andthe losingeither –particularlymore sothe love,
wouldmarkthem.Don’tget me wrong,heartache isstill heartache,nomatterthe century.Butwhilst we are taught
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to be attractive to men,we have so manymore options.Itis nolongerassumedorexpressedthatawomanmustget
married,have childrenandbe happyherrole isfilled.IncomparisontoOphelia’stime,it’sactuallymore common –
evenmore popular– that shouldawoman(or a man) go through suchtrialsa rather differentoutcome isseemed
the norm.
‘’Hell hathno furylike awomanscorned’’ (WilliamCongreve) isourfavourite quoteincertainevents.And
somehowwe still seemtofindgrievinglove whenfuriousisstill justastouchinglybeautiful.
Visualisingthe Internal
That’s notto say we don’tstill portraythe tragicallybeautiful.TostickwithanOpheliacthe sadnessandherinternal
turmoil are herkeyelements. Butcanwe see internal behaviour?Notunlessyouhave pickedupontells,orbody
language suggestions,whicheithermakesyouacutelyaware of otherpeople,oryouknow the personverywell –
and they’ve spokentoyouor hintedatwhat theyare internallygoingthrough.
A pale face,tremblingortensioninmuscles,varyingspeechtone and
speecherrors,voice tremors,dampayesandfailure tomeeteye contactor
lookat the otherperson;these are all individuallylistedasbodylanguage tells
for fear,anxietyornervousness.Thisisnotsomethingnew tous,it’snaturally
builtinto notice andassociate those behaviourswith vulnerabilityof the
personbehaving –if theyare combinedasa multiple.We fail torecognise
these individual behavioursandjustassociate them withwhatever
predisposedprejudicedassumptionof thatperson.Theycan’tlookat you
whenyouspeak – theyare annoyinglyshyandborderline rude.Tremblingor
tensioninmuscles –they aren’tpayingattention/aren’tinterestedinpaying
attention.These are of course fairlybrutal examples,butneverthelessconvey
inwhichour societyknowsof these things.We claimtoknow andunderstand,
but whenfacedwithitcannotassociate or comprehendunlessitmanifests
itself inamore physical display,which isgenerallywhenthe internalising
effectwouldhave taken itstoll.
Whenwe tell a storyof a tragedy,itseemstoresonate more whendone
poeticallyorgivenasense of beauty.Anythingmore brutal ismore like ahorror storythan a portrayal of sadness
and woe (woe meaning)asrealism –pessimismconfrontsthe viewer,makingthemuncomfortable,agitatedor
feelingguilty. Inmanypopularfilmspoetry,music,all formsof artwork,the melancholyisoftensoughtout,seen
almostas luxuriousin itsfragile andfutile beauty. Onanothernote,Ibelieve story-telling,inthe wayitisan
organisedsequentialtellingof anevent,issimilarif notthe same as Curating,somethingIwishtounderstandbetter,
and include.
“Curatingis the processby whicha physical orvirtual space isdesignedandformulatedtoinclude acollated,
selected,interpretedandintendedconcept,whichcanbe articulatedthroughavarietyof media” (htt)
I have chosento maintainthe aestheticelement,butwouldneedtoalsomaintainthe awarenessof its
impactand meaninguntoothers. Girlshave alwaysbeenencouragedtosee self-decorationasa central part of their
lives,evenatanearlyage we are nowexposedtotorrentof messagesaboutthe importance of notjustbeingpretty
or beautiful,butthatitcomeshandin handwithbeingsexuallyattractive –taughtto see theirsexual allureasa
primarypassportto success.AnexhibitionIwenttoaboutAlphonse Muchaand whatI assumedwasa quote on the
wall.
“Exteriorformisa language”
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Despite oursexualizedculture beingcelebrated asasignof womenempowerment, adistortionof itspast meaning,
beautyisimportantoftenwhentryingtonarrate,or senda message.That’snotto say beautyisn’tstill inthe eye of
the beholder,andIam sure many people will be confusedbyme includingamore classical aesthetictomyworkand
visual narrative.Like Istatedbefore,Ibelieve itcanresonate betterif it’salmostgivenapedestal.I’maware of
course thiscan make the perceptionof myworkgo the otherway,so furtherreflectionandexperimentationwill be
necessary.
How this all appliesto my work
Photographsof real people portrayingfeelingsandcyclesof emotions –maybe film–photographyand filmisthe
mediawe can all betterrelate.It’sinadvertisement,TV etc.we are all exposeddailytothese techniquesasasocial
norm,so it seemsonlyaccurate touse as a gatewaytovisualisingthe internal behaviour –an Opheliac.
In Johnslecture, he talkedabout‘comingfullcircle’.Ihave alwayslookedatfantasy,buthow itappliestous in
realism– fantasyrealism.Ophelia’sbeautyandtragedyisconsideredpartof a fantasy,a beautiful literature
daydream,butlookdeepenoughandthere are similaritiesthatrunthrougheach of us, mostlyinthe formof
internalisingbehaviour.IalsostudiedpsychologyinA Levels,andfeel ithashelpedmuchthroughthisparticular
course,mostlythe issueswithstress.SoIfeel Itoohave come full circle, withmaintainingthe baselineof theme,my
previousinterestedstudiesandpersonalisingittohelpme reflectonmyproject,andto some extentevenmylife.
I internalisemybehaviour,almostall of the time.RealisticallyIwouldsayIam mostlya Type C personality,under
umbrellaof a ‘non-hardy’.Ideludemyself intothinkingImanage fine inmostsituations,andtosome extentIdo,but
pushingitdown,ignoringorevengoingintodenial throughescapismisnotdealing –that’splacingitintoyour
subconscious.Internalisation.Afterawhile,itchipsawayat you.Suddenlyaboutof negative stimulioremotions
takenfromstressorsand suchwill seemslightlyworse thanusual.Yourreactiontothemwill be feelamplified,asall
the past internalisednegativitywill filterthrough,andit’sdifficultyourself tounderstandwhyyoufeel thisway.I
wouldstate beingaType C, or internalising,youaren’talwayscompletelyaware of whatyou’re doingtoyourown
psyche.It’sjustyournatural reaction, sodefiningthe causesof yourinternalisednegativitycanbe difficult,andthis
uncertaintycreatesmore guiltforfeelinghowyoudo,andfearbecause youdon’tunderstandcompletelywhat’s
happeninginyourhead.Inthis,I can relate toOphelia,Ican be and am an Opheliac.
I knowa fewpeople whoundergosimilarthings,andIbelieve everyone hasfeltthe same atsome pointor another
intheirlives.Thisstill doesnotstopthe pre-emptive assumptionswe have of otherpeople’slives,andtheir
behaviours.Iwill explore howtovisuallyshow,andevencontradictthisjudgement,thatthe visually
pleasing/normal hasmore goingon.We don’tjustlookat artworksfor justtheiraestheticabilities,sowhydowe still
do itto people,eventhosewe knowandcall friends?There ismore tothe eye,butI wantto use the eye to show
this.
Works Cited
(n.d.).Retrievedfromhttps://culturalpractice.wordpress.com/2012/01/30/what-is-curating/
Giles,D.(2010). Bodyimage,EatingDisordersandthe Media.In D. Giles, Psychology of Media. Palgrave Macmillan.
Hamletism Definition.(n.d.).RetrievedfromUrbanDictionary:
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=hamletism
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Ophelia.(n.d.).RetrievedfromTate:http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/ophelia/subject-and-
meaning/other-ophelias
Ophelia and Opheliac definitions.(n.d.).RetrievedfromUrbanDictionary:
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=ophelia&defid=1563008
sutherland,S.(2007). Causes,CuresandCosts.In Irrationality. PinterandMartinLtd.
Walter,N.(2010). Living Dolls, the return of Sexism. ViragoPress.
- Websites:
Art research:
http://www.tate.org.uk/learn/online-resources/ophelia/subject-and-meaning/other-ophelias
https://culturalpractice.wordpress.com/2012/01/30/what-is-curating/
Blogs:
http://www.opheliaism.com/
http://tinybuddha.com/blog/6-things-to-do-when-you-feel-small-insignificant/
http://www.topuniversities.com/blog/student-stereotypes-which-one-are-you
Dictionary:
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=hamletism
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=ophelia&defid=1563008
- Images
http://images-cdn.moviepilot.com/image/upload/c_fill,h_1500,w_1500/t_mp_quality/hooker-bratz-dolls-like-you-
ve-never-seen-them-before-take-a-look-at-this-jpeg-232470.jpg
http://www.functionalself.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/chocolate.jpg
Tate website above
Otherimagesare own
- Media:
The Lumineers - Ophelia
ZellaDay – SweetOphelia
Marika Hackman – Ophelia
Natalie Merchant– Ophelia
Bathory:Countessof Blood(2008)