3. FOREWORD
Industries - Complex structures & hazardous areas - Human can hardly reach
Problems - loss in production and may be lethal
It is important to analyse exact problem without risking human life
PS-ROVER - mechanism- operated wirelessly
Sense parameters – Sensors embedded to ATmega-328 MCU
Senses harmful gases, temperature, pressure, humidity
Real time visual monitoring
ATMega 328 - Low power usage & high performance
Interface - Using Arduino 1.6.5 and Processing 3.0.1
Wireless data transmission/reception - ZigBee Transceiver Module
5. HARDWARE COMPONENTS
Atmega-328 Microcontroller
ZigBee Transceiver Modules
MQ-7 CO And Other Poisonous Gas Sensor
BMP180 Barometric Pressure Sensor
DHT11 Temperature / Humidity Sensor
Voltage Regulator 7805
Voltage Regulator AMS1117
L293D Motor Driving IC
60rpm 12V DC Gear Motor (2 Numbers)
8mm LED (2 Numbers)
IP Camera
12V DC Lead Acid Battery
7. MQ7 CO & Other
Poisonous Gas Sensor
LAMP
MOSFET Driven
BMP180
Barometric
Pressure Sensor
DHT11
Temperature
Sensor
L293D Motor
Driver IC
GEAR MOTOR 1
60rpm/12V
GEAR MOTOR 2
60rpm/12V
ZigBee
Transceiver
BLOCK DIAGRAM
ATmega-328
Microcontroller
8. ATmega 328
₪ Manufactured By Atmel Inc.
₪ Single Chip Microcontroller
₪ Low Power CMOS 8-bit
₪ RISC Architecture
₪ Internal A/D Converter
₪ I2C Communication
₪ 20MHz Operating Frequency
₪ Flash Memory With EPROM & SRAM
₪ W/E at 10,000flash/100,000 EPROM
₪ Operates between 1.8V -5.5V
₪ Built in Clock
₪ Data Detention Capacity –
ↄ 20 years at 850C
ↄ 100 years at 250C
Image source : http://www.hobbytronics.co.uk/image/data/tutorial/arduino-hardcore/atmega328-arduino-pinout.jpg
9. ZigBee Transceiver Module
₪ Manufactured by Digi International
₪ IEEE 802.15.4 Specification
₪ High Level Protocol Communication
₪ Creates Personal Area Network
₪ Less Cost Compared To Other WPAN Devices
₪ Highly Optimised
₪ Low Power Consumption
₪ Range up to 100meters
₪ Mesh Network Possible
₪ Intermediate Data Transmission
₪ Used in Low Data Rate Applications
₪ 250Kbit/s Data Transfer Rate
₪ 128bit Encrypted Security
Image source: http://ep.yimg.com/ca/I/yhst-27389313707334_2252_127389036
10. MQ-7 CO and Other Poisonous Gas Sensor
₪ Manufactured by Paralax Inc.
₪ Simple to Use
₪ Highly Sensitive to CO.
₪ Detect CO from 20 to 2000ppm
₪ Features
ↄ High Sensitivity to CO, CH4
ↄ Small Sensitivity to alcohol, smoke
ↄ Fast Response
ↄ Stable and Long Life
ↄ Simple Drive Circuit
Image source: http://www.geeetech.com/wiki/images/1/16/MQ-7_wiring.jpg
11. ₪ Composed of micro-Al2O3 Ceramic Tube, Tin Dioxide (SnO2)
Sensitive Layer, Measuring Electrode And Heater.
₪ Components Fixed To Crest (Plastic/Stainless Steel Net)
₪ Heater Provides Necessary Conditions (Ni-Cr Alloy)
₪ 6-Terminals
ↄ One Used to Fetch Signals
ↄ One Each for VCC and GND
ↄ Other One Shorted to VCC, Provide Heating-Current
ↄ Rest Two Are Not Connected
₪ Electrodes - Au
₪ Electrode Lines – Pt
₪ Clamp Ring And Tube Pin – Copper Plating Ni
12. BMP180 Barometric Pressure Sensor
₪ Manufactured by BOSCH Sensortec Inc.
₪ High precision digital pressure sensor
₪ Less Power Consumption
₪ High Accuracy – Linearity – Long term stability
₪ Fast conversion time
₪ Easy system integration with micro controller
₪ Connected to a microcontroller via I2 C bus
₪ BMP180 delivers uncompensated values
₪ E2PROM – 176 bit of calibration data : compensate the parameters
₪ Pressure and temperature data compensated by E2PROM of BMP180
₪ Based on piezo-resistive technology
₪ Consists of – Piezo electric sensor – ADC – control unit with E2PROM – I2 C
Interface
Image source :http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51UNK2Z4bRL._SY355_.jpg
14. DHT11 Temperature / Humidity Sensor
₪ Manufactured by DFRobot
₪ Features temperature & humidity sensor complex
₪ Calibrated digital signal output
₪ High reliability & Long term stability
₪ Fast response & Anti-interference ability
₪ Small size, Low power consumption
₪ Consists – Resistive type humidity sensor & NTC temperature measurement component
₪ Calibrations coefficients stored in OTP memory
₪ Signal transmission up to 20m
₪ 4 pins single row package
₪ Works with 3-5.5V DC (Typical 5V)
₪ Sampling period – 1second
₪ Measurement range
ↄ 20-90 % RH Accuracy ±5 % RH
ↄ 0-50 ℃ Accuracy ±2℃
Image source:http://www.tandyonline.co.uk/media/catalog/product/cache/1/image/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/d/h/dht-11.png
15. 7805 5V Voltage Regulator
₪ Manufactured by Fairchild Semiconductors
₪ Belongs to 78xx family
₪ Positive Voltage Regulator
₪ Three terminals
₪ Requires 7.3V minimum input
₪ Output maximum 5V
₪ Protection against
ↄ Drawing too much current
ↄ Overheating
ↄ Short-circuits
₪ Require no additional components – Give constant regulated output
Image source:http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/images/Lm7805pinspinout2.jpg
16. AMS1117 3.3V Voltage Regulator
₪ Manufacturer – AMS Inc.
₪ Provides 1A output current
₪ 1V input to output differential
₪ Features :
ↄ Terminal voltage 3.3V
ↄ Output current 1A
ↄ Operates down to 1V dropout
ↄ Line regulation 0.2%
ↄ Load regulation 0.4%
₪ Applications :
ↄ High efficiency linear regulators
ↄ Post regulators for switching supplies
ↄ 5V to 3.3V linear regulators
ↄ Battery chargers
ↄ Power management for laptops
Image source:http://iot-playground.com/images/articles/002/AMS1117.png
17. L293D Motor Driver IC
₪ Manufacturer Texas Instruments Inc.
₪ Pins connected connectors for easy access
₪ L293D – Dual Full Bridge driver
₪ Drive up to 1A per bridge with supply voltage up to 24V
₪ Drive two DC motors , relays , solenoids etc.
₪ Device is TTL compatible
₪ Features
ↄ Compatible with any system
ↄ Easy to interface
ↄ On-board PWM selection switch
ↄ External power supply pin for Motors supported
ↄ 2 pin terminal block – Easy motor connection
₪ Technical specifications
ↄ Power supply 5V
ↄ External power 9V to 24V DC
ↄ Temperature Range 0°C to +70 °C
Image source:http://www.ti.com/graphics/folders/partimages/L293D.jpg
19. 60rpm 12V DC Gear Motor
₪ Drive the wheels of PS-ROVER
₪ 6mm shaft diameter internal hole – weighs 125gms
₪ Stall Torque – 1.5 kgcm torque
₪ Maximum of 60mA no load current
₪ Maximum of 300mA load current
₪ Two leads connected to L293D IC
₪ Two motors used
₪ Both in forward direction – ROVER moves forward
₪ Both in reverse direction – ROVER moves backward
₪ One in forward & other backward – ROVER turns Left/Right
₪ Turn Left/Right by Differential Drive
₪ Software control via L293D
Image source:http://cdn.shopclues.net/images/thumbnails/23803/320/320/ztemp7jjXOs1439388951.jpg
20. 8mm LED
₪ Two 8mm LEDs used for aiding vision
₪ Connected to ATmega 328 & driven by MOSFET
₪ Switched ON/OFF from Software
Image source:http://www.ledsales.com.au/images/8mm%20half%20watt%20LED.jpg
21. IP Camera with Android Application
₪ IP Camera is fixed on ROVER
( Android Application + Android device )
₪ Live video fed to monitoring device via Wi-Fi
Image source:https://lh4.ggpht.com/M88G2tTM3F55VDS2_AKy46E4TnMTmQBNC6QtbbGFRvJuuxD9XDIO6ZAGxPqduaTtotE=h900-rw
23. ₪ Keyboard Controls
⌂ Key L : Switch ON Lamps
⌂ Key K : Switch OFF Lamps
⌂ Key R : Retry Video Output
⌂ Key E : Enable IP Address Textbox
⌂ Space Key : Stop Motors Functioning
⌂ Arrow Key Up : Move Forward
⌂ Arrow Key Down : Move Backward
⌂ Arrow Key Right : Turn Right
⌂ Arrow Key Left : Turn Left
USER INTERFACE
26. Arduino 1.6.5
Open Source
Large Number of Libraries
Large User Communities
Runs on Common Platforms
Linux
Ubuntu
Windows
Mac OSX
Build on C/C++ programming Language
Configure Microcontrollers
Allows Uploading Code to ATMega
27. Processing 3.0.1
Open Source
Large Number of Libraries
Large User Communities
Runs on Common Platforms
Linux
Ubuntu
Windows
Mac OSX
Build on Java Programming Language
Simplified Syntax Programming
Simplified Graphics Programming
Allows Interfacing with ATmega
28. APPLICATIONS
₪ Exploration in Human restricted areas
₪ Surveillance of complex structured industries
₪ Corrosion observation in pipes and ducts
₪ Observation of leakage or breakage
₪ Provides visuals and detect poisonous gases in exploded areas
₪ Laboratory or site monitoring
Image source:http://www.businessnonstop.in/files/2014/08/industry.jpg
29. Further Enhancements
₪ Parameter measurement & surveillance of under water pipelines
₪ Visual and gas measurement in newly drilled mines
₪ Space exploration & environment information
₪ Child monitoring & home surveillance
₪ Defence Industries
Image source:https://student.societyforscience.org/sites/student.societyforscience.org/files/main/articles/curiosity-landed-drawing.jpg
30. Conclusion
Senses temperature, pressure, humidity and poisonous gases
ATMega 328 microcontroller is used
BMP180, DHT11, MQ7 are the sensors
12V DC power supply
7805 and AMS117 are the voltage regulators
Communication through ZigBee transceiver
Arduino 1.6.5 and Processing 3.0.1 are the programming softwares
Parameters are obtained in forms of graphs and numerical values
Significant applications in industries and explorations
